gfch100: add rxslicer chart to craftui
* http://192.168.1.1/rxslicer.png draws the constellation
* link on status/debug page
* b/30264618
Change-Id: Iafa6a35b89a44cb9e3b2a6d7037183af182f16c5
diff --git a/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed b/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed
index 2a26b18..131bf6d 100644
--- a/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed
+++ b/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
[ -n "$pid2" ] && kill $pid2
echo "######################################################################"
echo "# starting craftui"
- gpylint *.py
make test
./craftui &
pid1=$!
diff --git a/craftui/HOW.updatesim b/craftui/HOW.updatesim
index f01d964..5789b04 100644
--- a/craftui/HOW.updatesim
+++ b/craftui/HOW.updatesim
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
ip -o -d link > /tmp/sim/ip.link.txt;
ip -o addr > /tmp/sim/ip.addr.txt;
presterastats > /tmp/sim/presterastats.json;
+ for n in adc rxrrc rxslicer dac; do
+ curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/modem/iq/$n > /tmp/glaukus/$n.json
+ done
'
ssh chimera$suffix cd / "&&" tar czf - -C / \
diff --git a/craftui/Makefile b/craftui/Makefile
index dbb2082..f196e8d 100644
--- a/craftui/Makefile
+++ b/craftui/Makefile
@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@
BINDIR=$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
WWWDIR=$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/usr/craftui
PYTHON?=python
+PY=$(wildcard *.py)
+
+SKIPPY=png.py
+LINTPY=$(filter-out $(SKIPPY), $(PY))
all:
install:
mkdir -p $(BINDIR) $(WWWDIR)
- cp craftui craftui.py $(BINDIR)
+ cp craftui craftui.py png.py $(BINDIR)
cp -rp www $(WWWDIR)
install-libs:
@@ -34,4 +38,4 @@
rm -rf *.pyc
lint:
- for n in *.py; do gpylint $$n || exit 1; done
+ for n in $(LINTPY); do gpylint $$n || exit 1; done
diff --git a/craftui/craftui.py b/craftui/craftui.py
index 2971729..f34e424 100755
--- a/craftui/craftui.py
+++ b/craftui/craftui.py
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
import json
import os
import re
+import StringIO
import subprocess
import sys
import urllib2
import digest
+import png
import tornado.httpserver
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
@@ -558,6 +560,46 @@
print 'Connection to %s failed: %s' % (url, ex.reason)
return response
+ def GetIQPNG(self, path):
+ """Get IQ points and render as PNG."""
+ response = '[0,0]'
+ if self.sim:
+ response = self.ReadFile(self.sim + '/tmp/glaukus/' + path + '.json')
+ else:
+ try:
+ url = 'http://localhost:8080/api/modem/iq/' + path
+ handle = urllib2.urlopen(url, timeout=2)
+ response = handle.read()
+ except urllib2.URLError as ex:
+ print 'Connection to %s failed: %s' % (url, ex.reason)
+
+ coords = json.loads(response)
+ # owh is original width/height of data (-1200 to 1200)
+ owh = (2400, 2400)
+ # wh is display size (400x400)
+ wh = (400, 400)
+
+ w = png.Writer(size=wh, greyscale=True, bitdepth=1)
+ scanline = int((wh[0] + 7) / 8)
+ rows = [scanline*[0] for i in xrange(0, wh[1])]
+ for i in xrange(0, len(coords) / 2):
+ # data is a series of x,y,x,y,x,y...
+ xy = (coords[i*2], coords[i*2+1])
+ # transform and scale data to display
+ sxy = (int((xy[0] + owh[0]/2 + .5) * wh[0] / owh[0]),
+ int((xy[1] + owh[1]/2 + .5) * wh[1] / owh[1]))
+ if sxy[0] < 0 or sxy[0] >= wh[0] or sxy[1] < 0 or sxy[1] >= wh[1]:
+ continue
+ # set a pixel in the PNG
+ pos = int(sxy[0] / 8)
+ shift = sxy[0] % 8
+ rows[sxy[1]][pos] |= 1 << (7 - shift)
+ f = StringIO.StringIO()
+ w.write_packed(f, rows)
+ image = f.getvalue()
+ f.close()
+ return image
+
def GetUserCreds(self, user):
"""Create a dict with the requested password."""
if user not in ('admin', 'guest'):
@@ -754,6 +796,29 @@
self.write(response)
self.finish()
+ class PNGHandler(CraftHandler):
+ """Returns a PNG showing plotted IQ values."""
+ baseurl = 'http://localhost:8080/api/modem/iq/'
+ auth = 'any'
+ page = 'IQ'
+ path = None
+
+ def get(self):
+ if self.TryProxy():
+ return
+ if not self.Authenticated():
+ return
+ ui = self.settings['ui']
+ print '%s %s page (%s)' % (self.request.method, self.page, ui.sim)
+
+ image = ui.GetIQPNG(self.path)
+ self.set_header('Content-Type', 'image/png')
+ self.write(image)
+ self.finish()
+
+ class RXSlicerPNGHandler(PNGHandler):
+ path = 'rxslicer'
+
def RunUI(self):
"""Create the http redirect and https web server and run forever."""
sim = self.sim
@@ -763,6 +828,7 @@
(r'^/status/?$', self.StatusHandler),
(r'^/config/?$', self.ConfigHandler),
(r'^/content.json/?$', self.JsonHandler),
+ (r'^/rxslicer.png$', self.RXSlicerPNGHandler),
(r'^/static/([^/]*)$', tornado.web.StaticFileHandler,
{'path': self.wwwroot + '/static'}),
]
diff --git a/craftui/craftui_test.sh b/craftui/craftui_test.sh
index 677f719..5b71fa9 100755
--- a/craftui/craftui_test.sh
+++ b/craftui/craftui_test.sh
@@ -238,6 +238,10 @@
$curl $admin_auth -d $d $url/content.json'?peer=1' |& grep '"error": 0}'
check_success
+ testname rxslicer
+ $curl $admin_auth $url/rxslicer.png | file - | grep "PNG image data, 400 x 400"
+ check_success
+
done
# verify insecure message is hidden on https and not on http
diff --git a/craftui/png.py b/craftui/png.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b55dd3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/png.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3857 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+# $URL$
+# $Rev$
+
+# png.py - PNG encoder/decoder in pure Python
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Johann C. Rocholl <johann@browsershots.org>
+# Portions Copyright (C) 2009 David Jones <drj@pobox.com>
+# And probably portions Copyright (C) 2006 Nicko van Someren <nicko@nicko.org>
+#
+# Original concept by Johann C. Rocholl.
+#
+# LICENSE (The MIT License)
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+# (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+# and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+# subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+#
+# Changelog (recent first):
+# 2009-03-11 David: interlaced bit depth < 8 (writing).
+# 2009-03-10 David: interlaced bit depth < 8 (reading).
+# 2009-03-04 David: Flat and Boxed pixel formats.
+# 2009-02-26 David: Palette support (writing).
+# 2009-02-23 David: Bit-depths < 8; better PNM support.
+# 2006-06-17 Nicko: Reworked into a class, faster interlacing.
+# 2006-06-17 Johann: Very simple prototype PNG decoder.
+# 2006-06-17 Nicko: Test suite with various image generators.
+# 2006-06-17 Nicko: Alpha-channel, grey-scale, 16-bit/plane support.
+# 2006-06-15 Johann: Scanline iterator interface for large input files.
+# 2006-06-09 Johann: Very simple prototype PNG encoder.
+
+# Incorporated into Bangai-O Development Tools by drj on 2009-02-11 from
+# http://trac.browsershots.org/browser/trunk/pypng/lib/png.py?rev=2885
+
+# Incorporated into pypng by drj on 2009-03-12 from
+# //depot/prj/bangaio/master/code/png.py#67
+
+
+"""
+Pure Python PNG Reader/Writer
+
+This Python module implements support for PNG images (see PNG
+specification at http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/ ). It reads
+and writes PNG files with all allowable bit depths (1/2/4/8/16/24/32/48/64
+bits per pixel) and colour combinations: greyscale (1/2/4/8/16 bit); RGB,
+RGBA, LA (greyscale with alpha) with 8/16 bits per channel; colour mapped
+images (1/2/4/8 bit). Adam7 interlacing is supported for reading and
+writing. A number of optional chunks can be specified (when writing)
+and understood (when reading): ``tRNS``, ``bKGD``, ``gAMA``.
+
+For help, type ``import png; help(png)`` in your python interpreter.
+
+A good place to start is the :class:`Reader` and :class:`Writer` classes.
+
+Requires Python 2.3. Limited support is available for Python 2.2, but
+not everything works. Best with Python 2.4 and higher. Installation is
+trivial, but see the ``README.txt`` file (with the source distribution)
+for details.
+
+This file can also be used as a command-line utility to convert
+`Netpbm <http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/>`_ PNM files to PNG, and the reverse conversion from PNG to
+PNM. The interface is similar to that of the ``pnmtopng`` program from
+Netpbm. Type ``python png.py --help`` at the shell prompt
+for usage and a list of options.
+
+A note on spelling and terminology
+----------------------------------
+
+Generally British English spelling is used in the documentation. So
+that's "greyscale" and "colour". This not only matches the author's
+native language, it's also used by the PNG specification.
+
+The major colour models supported by PNG (and hence by PyPNG) are:
+greyscale, RGB, greyscale--alpha, RGB--alpha. These are sometimes
+referred to using the abbreviations: L, RGB, LA, RGBA. In this case
+each letter abbreviates a single channel: *L* is for Luminance or Luma or
+Lightness which is the channel used in greyscale images; *R*, *G*, *B* stand
+for Red, Green, Blue, the components of a colour image; *A* stands for
+Alpha, the opacity channel (used for transparency effects, but higher
+values are more opaque, so it makes sense to call it opacity).
+
+A note on formats
+-----------------
+
+When getting pixel data out of this module (reading) and presenting
+data to this module (writing) there are a number of ways the data could
+be represented as a Python value. Generally this module uses one of
+three formats called "flat row flat pixel", "boxed row flat pixel", and
+"boxed row boxed pixel". Basically the concern is whether each pixel
+and each row comes in its own little tuple (box), or not.
+
+Consider an image that is 3 pixels wide by 2 pixels high, and each pixel
+has RGB components:
+
+Boxed row flat pixel::
+
+ list([R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B],
+ [R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B])
+
+Each row appears as its own list, but the pixels are flattened so that
+three values for one pixel simply follow the three values for the previous
+pixel. This is the most common format used, because it provides a good
+compromise between space and convenience. PyPNG regards itself as
+at liberty to replace any sequence type with any sufficiently compatible
+other sequence type; in practice each row is an array (from the array
+module), and the outer list is sometimes an iterator rather than an
+explicit list (so that streaming is possible).
+
+Flat row flat pixel::
+
+ [R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B,
+ R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B]
+
+The entire image is one single giant sequence of colour values.
+Generally an array will be used (to save space), not a list.
+
+Boxed row boxed pixel::
+
+ list([ (R,G,B), (R,G,B), (R,G,B) ],
+ [ (R,G,B), (R,G,B), (R,G,B) ])
+
+Each row appears in its own list, but each pixel also appears in its own
+tuple. A serious memory burn in Python.
+
+In all cases the top row comes first, and for each row the pixels are
+ordered from left-to-right. Within a pixel the values appear in the
+order, R-G-B-A (or L-A for greyscale--alpha).
+
+There is a fourth format, mentioned because it is used internally,
+is close to what lies inside a PNG file itself, and has some support
+from the public API. This format is called packed. When packed,
+each row is a sequence of bytes (integers from 0 to 255), just as
+it is before PNG scanline filtering is applied. When the bit depth
+is 8 this is essentially the same as boxed row flat pixel; when the
+bit depth is less than 8, several pixels are packed into each byte;
+when the bit depth is 16 (the only value more than 8 that is supported
+by the PNG image format) each pixel value is decomposed into 2 bytes
+(and `packed` is a misnomer). This format is used by the
+:meth:`Writer.write_packed` method. It isn't usually a convenient
+format, but may be just right if the source data for the PNG image
+comes from something that uses a similar format (for example, 1-bit
+BMPs, or another PNG file).
+
+And now, my famous members
+--------------------------
+"""
+
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.2.3/whatsnew/node5.html
+from __future__ import generators
+
+__version__ = "$URL$ $Rev$"
+
+from array import array
+try: # See :pyver:old
+ import itertools
+except:
+ pass
+import math
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-operator.html
+import operator
+import struct
+import sys
+import zlib
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-warnings.html
+import warnings
+try:
+ import pyximport
+ pyximport.install()
+ import cpngfilters as pngfilters
+except ImportError:
+ pass
+
+
+__all__ = ['Image', 'Reader', 'Writer', 'write_chunks', 'from_array']
+
+
+# The PNG signature.
+# http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5PNG-file-signature
+_signature = struct.pack('8B', 137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10)
+
+_adam7 = ((0, 0, 8, 8),
+ (4, 0, 8, 8),
+ (0, 4, 4, 8),
+ (2, 0, 4, 4),
+ (0, 2, 2, 4),
+ (1, 0, 2, 2),
+ (0, 1, 1, 2))
+
+def group(s, n):
+ # See
+ # http://www.python.org/doc/2.6/library/functions.html#zip
+ return zip(*[iter(s)]*n)
+
+def isarray(x):
+ """Same as ``isinstance(x, array)`` except on Python 2.2, where it
+ always returns ``False``. This helps PyPNG work on Python 2.2.
+ """
+
+ try:
+ return isinstance(x, array)
+ except:
+ return False
+
+try: # see :pyver:old
+ array.tostring
+except:
+ def tostring(row):
+ l = len(row)
+ return struct.pack('%dB' % l, *row)
+else:
+ def tostring(row):
+ """Convert row of bytes to string. Expects `row` to be an
+ ``array``.
+ """
+ return row.tostring()
+
+# Conditionally convert to bytes. Works on Python 2 and Python 3.
+try:
+ bytes('', 'ascii')
+ def strtobytes(x): return bytes(x, 'iso8859-1')
+ def bytestostr(x): return str(x, 'iso8859-1')
+except:
+ strtobytes = str
+ bytestostr = str
+
+def interleave_planes(ipixels, apixels, ipsize, apsize):
+ """
+ Interleave (colour) planes, e.g. RGB + A = RGBA.
+
+ Return an array of pixels consisting of the `ipsize` elements of data
+ from each pixel in `ipixels` followed by the `apsize` elements of data
+ from each pixel in `apixels`. Conventionally `ipixels` and
+ `apixels` are byte arrays so the sizes are bytes, but it actually
+ works with any arrays of the same type. The returned array is the
+ same type as the input arrays which should be the same type as each other.
+ """
+
+ itotal = len(ipixels)
+ atotal = len(apixels)
+ newtotal = itotal + atotal
+ newpsize = ipsize + apsize
+ # Set up the output buffer
+ # See http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-array.html#l2h-1356
+ out = array(ipixels.typecode)
+ # It's annoying that there is no cheap way to set the array size :-(
+ out.extend(ipixels)
+ out.extend(apixels)
+ # Interleave in the pixel data
+ for i in range(ipsize):
+ out[i:newtotal:newpsize] = ipixels[i:itotal:ipsize]
+ for i in range(apsize):
+ out[i+ipsize:newtotal:newpsize] = apixels[i:atotal:apsize]
+ return out
+
+def check_palette(palette):
+ """Check a palette argument (to the :class:`Writer` class) for validity.
+ Returns the palette as a list if okay; raises an exception otherwise.
+ """
+
+ # None is the default and is allowed.
+ if palette is None:
+ return None
+
+ p = list(palette)
+ if not (0 < len(p) <= 256):
+ raise ValueError("a palette must have between 1 and 256 entries")
+ seen_triple = False
+ for i,t in enumerate(p):
+ if len(t) not in (3,4):
+ raise ValueError(
+ "palette entry %d: entries must be 3- or 4-tuples." % i)
+ if len(t) == 3:
+ seen_triple = True
+ if seen_triple and len(t) == 4:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "palette entry %d: all 4-tuples must precede all 3-tuples" % i)
+ for x in t:
+ if int(x) != x or not(0 <= x <= 255):
+ raise ValueError(
+ "palette entry %d: values must be integer: 0 <= x <= 255" % i)
+ return p
+
+class Error(Exception):
+ prefix = 'Error'
+ def __str__(self):
+ return self.prefix + ': ' + ' '.join(self.args)
+
+class FormatError(Error):
+ """Problem with input file format. In other words, PNG file does
+ not conform to the specification in some way and is invalid.
+ """
+
+ prefix = 'FormatError'
+
+class ChunkError(FormatError):
+ prefix = 'ChunkError'
+
+
+class Writer:
+ """
+ PNG encoder in pure Python.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, width=None, height=None,
+ size=None,
+ greyscale=False,
+ alpha=False,
+ bitdepth=8,
+ palette=None,
+ transparent=None,
+ background=None,
+ gamma=None,
+ compression=None,
+ interlace=False,
+ bytes_per_sample=None, # deprecated
+ planes=None,
+ colormap=None,
+ maxval=None,
+ chunk_limit=2**20):
+ """
+ Create a PNG encoder object.
+
+ Arguments:
+
+ width, height
+ Image size in pixels, as two separate arguments.
+ size
+ Image size (w,h) in pixels, as single argument.
+ greyscale
+ Input data is greyscale, not RGB.
+ alpha
+ Input data has alpha channel (RGBA or LA).
+ bitdepth
+ Bit depth: from 1 to 16.
+ palette
+ Create a palette for a colour mapped image (colour type 3).
+ transparent
+ Specify a transparent colour (create a ``tRNS`` chunk).
+ background
+ Specify a default background colour (create a ``bKGD`` chunk).
+ gamma
+ Specify a gamma value (create a ``gAMA`` chunk).
+ compression
+ zlib compression level: 0 (none) to 9 (more compressed); default: -1 or None.
+ interlace
+ Create an interlaced image.
+ chunk_limit
+ Write multiple ``IDAT`` chunks to save memory.
+
+ The image size (in pixels) can be specified either by using the
+ `width` and `height` arguments, or with the single `size`
+ argument. If `size` is used it should be a pair (*width*,
+ *height*).
+
+ `greyscale` and `alpha` are booleans that specify whether
+ an image is greyscale (or colour), and whether it has an
+ alpha channel (or not).
+
+ `bitdepth` specifies the bit depth of the source pixel values.
+ Each source pixel value must be an integer between 0 and
+ ``2**bitdepth-1``. For example, 8-bit images have values
+ between 0 and 255. PNG only stores images with bit depths of
+ 1,2,4,8, or 16. When `bitdepth` is not one of these values,
+ the next highest valid bit depth is selected, and an ``sBIT``
+ (significant bits) chunk is generated that specifies the original
+ precision of the source image. In this case the supplied pixel
+ values will be rescaled to fit the range of the selected bit depth.
+
+ The details of which bit depth / colour model combinations the
+ PNG file format supports directly, are somewhat arcane
+ (refer to the PNG specification for full details). Briefly:
+ "small" bit depths (1,2,4) are only allowed with greyscale and
+ colour mapped images; colour mapped images cannot have bit depth
+ 16.
+
+ For colour mapped images (in other words, when the `palette`
+ argument is specified) the `bitdepth` argument must match one of
+ the valid PNG bit depths: 1, 2, 4, or 8. (It is valid to have a
+ PNG image with a palette and an ``sBIT`` chunk, but the meaning
+ is slightly different; it would be awkward to press the
+ `bitdepth` argument into service for this.)
+
+ The `palette` option, when specified, causes a colour mapped image
+ to be created: the PNG colour type is set to 3; greyscale
+ must not be set; alpha must not be set; transparent must
+ not be set; the bit depth must be 1,2,4, or 8. When a colour
+ mapped image is created, the pixel values are palette indexes
+ and the `bitdepth` argument specifies the size of these indexes
+ (not the size of the colour values in the palette).
+
+ The palette argument value should be a sequence of 3- or
+ 4-tuples. 3-tuples specify RGB palette entries; 4-tuples
+ specify RGBA palette entries. If both 4-tuples and 3-tuples
+ appear in the sequence then all the 4-tuples must come
+ before all the 3-tuples. A ``PLTE`` chunk is created; if there
+ are 4-tuples then a ``tRNS`` chunk is created as well. The
+ ``PLTE`` chunk will contain all the RGB triples in the same
+ sequence; the ``tRNS`` chunk will contain the alpha channel for
+ all the 4-tuples, in the same sequence. Palette entries
+ are always 8-bit.
+
+ If specified, the `transparent` and `background` parameters must
+ be a tuple with three integer values for red, green, blue, or
+ a simple integer (or singleton tuple) for a greyscale image.
+
+ If specified, the `gamma` parameter must be a positive number
+ (generally, a float). A ``gAMA`` chunk will be created. Note that
+ this will not change the values of the pixels as they appear in
+ the PNG file, they are assumed to have already been converted
+ appropriately for the gamma specified.
+
+ The `compression` argument specifies the compression level to
+ be used by the ``zlib`` module. Values from 1 to 9 specify
+ compression, with 9 being "more compressed" (usually smaller
+ and slower, but it doesn't always work out that way). 0 means
+ no compression. -1 and ``None`` both mean that the default
+ level of compession will be picked by the ``zlib`` module
+ (which is generally acceptable).
+
+ If `interlace` is true then an interlaced image is created
+ (using PNG's so far only interace method, *Adam7*). This does not
+ affect how the pixels should be presented to the encoder, rather
+ it changes how they are arranged into the PNG file. On slow
+ connexions interlaced images can be partially decoded by the
+ browser to give a rough view of the image that is successively
+ refined as more image data appears.
+
+ .. note ::
+
+ Enabling the `interlace` option requires the entire image
+ to be processed in working memory.
+
+ `chunk_limit` is used to limit the amount of memory used whilst
+ compressing the image. In order to avoid using large amounts of
+ memory, multiple ``IDAT`` chunks may be created.
+ """
+
+ # At the moment the `planes` argument is ignored;
+ # its purpose is to act as a dummy so that
+ # ``Writer(x, y, **info)`` works, where `info` is a dictionary
+ # returned by Reader.read and friends.
+ # Ditto for `colormap`.
+
+ # A couple of helper functions come first. Best skipped if you
+ # are reading through.
+
+ def isinteger(x):
+ try:
+ return int(x) == x
+ except:
+ return False
+
+ def check_color(c, which):
+ """Checks that a colour argument for transparent or
+ background options is the right form. Also "corrects" bare
+ integers to 1-tuples.
+ """
+
+ if c is None:
+ return c
+ if greyscale:
+ try:
+ l = len(c)
+ except TypeError:
+ c = (c,)
+ if len(c) != 1:
+ raise ValueError("%s for greyscale must be 1-tuple" %
+ which)
+ if not isinteger(c[0]):
+ raise ValueError(
+ "%s colour for greyscale must be integer" %
+ which)
+ else:
+ if not (len(c) == 3 and
+ isinteger(c[0]) and
+ isinteger(c[1]) and
+ isinteger(c[2])):
+ raise ValueError(
+ "%s colour must be a triple of integers" %
+ which)
+ return c
+
+ if size:
+ if len(size) != 2:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "size argument should be a pair (width, height)")
+ if width is not None and width != size[0]:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "size[0] (%r) and width (%r) should match when both are used."
+ % (size[0], width))
+ if height is not None and height != size[1]:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "size[1] (%r) and height (%r) should match when both are used."
+ % (size[1], height))
+ width,height = size
+ del size
+
+ if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
+ raise ValueError("width and height must be greater than zero")
+ if not isinteger(width) or not isinteger(height):
+ raise ValueError("width and height must be integers")
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#7Integers-and-byte-order
+ if width > 2**32-1 or height > 2**32-1:
+ raise ValueError("width and height cannot exceed 2**32-1")
+
+ if alpha and transparent is not None:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "transparent colour not allowed with alpha channel")
+
+ if bytes_per_sample is not None:
+ warnings.warn('please use bitdepth instead of bytes_per_sample',
+ DeprecationWarning)
+ if bytes_per_sample not in (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2):
+ raise ValueError(
+ "bytes per sample must be .125, .25, .5, 1, or 2")
+ bitdepth = int(8*bytes_per_sample)
+ del bytes_per_sample
+ if not isinteger(bitdepth) or bitdepth < 1 or 16 < bitdepth:
+ raise ValueError("bitdepth (%r) must be a postive integer <= 16" %
+ bitdepth)
+
+ self.rescale = None
+ if palette:
+ if bitdepth not in (1,2,4,8):
+ raise ValueError("with palette, bitdepth must be 1, 2, 4, or 8")
+ if transparent is not None:
+ raise ValueError("transparent and palette not compatible")
+ if alpha:
+ raise ValueError("alpha and palette not compatible")
+ if greyscale:
+ raise ValueError("greyscale and palette not compatible")
+ else:
+ # No palette, check for sBIT chunk generation.
+ if alpha or not greyscale:
+ if bitdepth not in (8,16):
+ targetbitdepth = (8,16)[bitdepth > 8]
+ self.rescale = (bitdepth, targetbitdepth)
+ bitdepth = targetbitdepth
+ del targetbitdepth
+ else:
+ assert greyscale
+ assert not alpha
+ if bitdepth not in (1,2,4,8,16):
+ if bitdepth > 8:
+ targetbitdepth = 16
+ elif bitdepth == 3:
+ targetbitdepth = 4
+ else:
+ assert bitdepth in (5,6,7)
+ targetbitdepth = 8
+ self.rescale = (bitdepth, targetbitdepth)
+ bitdepth = targetbitdepth
+ del targetbitdepth
+
+ if bitdepth < 8 and (alpha or not greyscale and not palette):
+ raise ValueError(
+ "bitdepth < 8 only permitted with greyscale or palette")
+ if bitdepth > 8 and palette:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "bit depth must be 8 or less for images with palette")
+
+ transparent = check_color(transparent, 'transparent')
+ background = check_color(background, 'background')
+
+ # It's important that the true boolean values (greyscale, alpha,
+ # colormap, interlace) are converted to bool because Iverson's
+ # convention is relied upon later on.
+ self.width = width
+ self.height = height
+ self.transparent = transparent
+ self.background = background
+ self.gamma = gamma
+ self.greyscale = bool(greyscale)
+ self.alpha = bool(alpha)
+ self.colormap = bool(palette)
+ self.bitdepth = int(bitdepth)
+ self.compression = compression
+ self.chunk_limit = chunk_limit
+ self.interlace = bool(interlace)
+ self.palette = check_palette(palette)
+
+ self.color_type = 4*self.alpha + 2*(not greyscale) + 1*self.colormap
+ assert self.color_type in (0,2,3,4,6)
+
+ self.color_planes = (3,1)[self.greyscale or self.colormap]
+ self.planes = self.color_planes + self.alpha
+ # :todo: fix for bitdepth < 8
+ self.psize = (self.bitdepth/8) * self.planes
+
+ def make_palette(self):
+ """Create the byte sequences for a ``PLTE`` and if necessary a
+ ``tRNS`` chunk. Returned as a pair (*p*, *t*). *t* will be
+ ``None`` if no ``tRNS`` chunk is necessary.
+ """
+
+ p = array('B')
+ t = array('B')
+
+ for x in self.palette:
+ p.extend(x[0:3])
+ if len(x) > 3:
+ t.append(x[3])
+ p = tostring(p)
+ t = tostring(t)
+ if t:
+ return p,t
+ return p,None
+
+ def write(self, outfile, rows):
+ """Write a PNG image to the output file. `rows` should be
+ an iterable that yields each row in boxed row flat pixel format.
+ The rows should be the rows of the original image, so there
+ should be ``self.height`` rows of ``self.width * self.planes`` values.
+ If `interlace` is specified (when creating the instance), then
+ an interlaced PNG file will be written. Supply the rows in the
+ normal image order; the interlacing is carried out internally.
+
+ .. note ::
+
+ Interlacing will require the entire image to be in working memory.
+ """
+
+ if self.interlace:
+ fmt = 'BH'[self.bitdepth > 8]
+ a = array(fmt, itertools.chain(*rows))
+ return self.write_array(outfile, a)
+ else:
+ nrows = self.write_passes(outfile, rows)
+ if nrows != self.height:
+ raise ValueError(
+ "rows supplied (%d) does not match height (%d)" %
+ (nrows, self.height))
+
+ def write_passes(self, outfile, rows, packed=False):
+ """
+ Write a PNG image to the output file.
+
+ Most users are expected to find the :meth:`write` or
+ :meth:`write_array` method more convenient.
+
+ The rows should be given to this method in the order that
+ they appear in the output file. For straightlaced images,
+ this is the usual top to bottom ordering, but for interlaced
+ images the rows should have already been interlaced before
+ passing them to this function.
+
+ `rows` should be an iterable that yields each row. When
+ `packed` is ``False`` the rows should be in boxed row flat pixel
+ format; when `packed` is ``True`` each row should be a packed
+ sequence of bytes.
+
+ """
+
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5PNG-file-signature
+ outfile.write(_signature)
+
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IHDR
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'IHDR',
+ struct.pack("!2I5B", self.width, self.height,
+ self.bitdepth, self.color_type,
+ 0, 0, self.interlace))
+
+ # See :chunk:order
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11gAMA
+ if self.gamma is not None:
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'gAMA',
+ struct.pack("!L", int(round(self.gamma*1e5))))
+
+ # See :chunk:order
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11sBIT
+ if self.rescale:
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'sBIT',
+ struct.pack('%dB' % self.planes,
+ *[self.rescale[0]]*self.planes))
+
+ # :chunk:order: Without a palette (PLTE chunk), ordering is
+ # relatively relaxed. With one, gAMA chunk must precede PLTE
+ # chunk which must precede tRNS and bKGD.
+ # See http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5ChunkOrdering
+ if self.palette:
+ p,t = self.make_palette()
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'PLTE', p)
+ if t:
+ # tRNS chunk is optional. Only needed if palette entries
+ # have alpha.
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'tRNS', t)
+
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11tRNS
+ if self.transparent is not None:
+ if self.greyscale:
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'tRNS',
+ struct.pack("!1H", *self.transparent))
+ else:
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'tRNS',
+ struct.pack("!3H", *self.transparent))
+
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11bKGD
+ if self.background is not None:
+ if self.greyscale:
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'bKGD',
+ struct.pack("!1H", *self.background))
+ else:
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'bKGD',
+ struct.pack("!3H", *self.background))
+
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IDAT
+ if self.compression is not None:
+ compressor = zlib.compressobj(self.compression)
+ else:
+ compressor = zlib.compressobj()
+
+ # Choose an extend function based on the bitdepth. The extend
+ # function packs/decomposes the pixel values into bytes and
+ # stuffs them onto the data array.
+ data = array('B')
+ if self.bitdepth == 8 or packed:
+ extend = data.extend
+ elif self.bitdepth == 16:
+ # Decompose into bytes
+ def extend(sl):
+ fmt = '!%dH' % len(sl)
+ data.extend(array('B', struct.pack(fmt, *sl)))
+ else:
+ # Pack into bytes
+ assert self.bitdepth < 8
+ # samples per byte
+ spb = int(8/self.bitdepth)
+ def extend(sl):
+ a = array('B', sl)
+ # Adding padding bytes so we can group into a whole
+ # number of spb-tuples.
+ l = float(len(a))
+ extra = math.ceil(l / float(spb))*spb - l
+ a.extend([0]*int(extra))
+ # Pack into bytes
+ l = group(a, spb)
+ l = map(lambda e: reduce(lambda x,y:
+ (x << self.bitdepth) + y, e), l)
+ data.extend(l)
+ if self.rescale:
+ oldextend = extend
+ factor = \
+ float(2**self.rescale[1]-1) / float(2**self.rescale[0]-1)
+ def extend(sl):
+ oldextend(map(lambda x: int(round(factor*x)), sl))
+
+ # Build the first row, testing mostly to see if we need to
+ # changed the extend function to cope with NumPy integer types
+ # (they cause our ordinary definition of extend to fail, so we
+ # wrap it). See
+ # http://code.google.com/p/pypng/issues/detail?id=44
+ enumrows = enumerate(rows)
+ del rows
+
+ # First row's filter type.
+ data.append(0)
+ # :todo: Certain exceptions in the call to ``.next()`` or the
+ # following try would indicate no row data supplied.
+ # Should catch.
+ i,row = enumrows.next()
+ try:
+ # If this fails...
+ extend(row)
+ except:
+ # ... try a version that converts the values to int first.
+ # Not only does this work for the (slightly broken) NumPy
+ # types, there are probably lots of other, unknown, "nearly"
+ # int types it works for.
+ def wrapmapint(f):
+ return lambda sl: f(map(int, sl))
+ extend = wrapmapint(extend)
+ del wrapmapint
+ extend(row)
+
+ for i,row in enumrows:
+ # Add "None" filter type. Currently, it's essential that
+ # this filter type be used for every scanline as we do not
+ # mark the first row of a reduced pass image; that means we
+ # could accidentally compute the wrong filtered scanline if
+ # we used "up", "average", or "paeth" on such a line.
+ data.append(0)
+ extend(row)
+ if len(data) > self.chunk_limit:
+ compressed = compressor.compress(tostring(data))
+ if len(compressed):
+ # print >> sys.stderr, len(data), len(compressed)
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'IDAT', compressed)
+ # Because of our very witty definition of ``extend``,
+ # above, we must re-use the same ``data`` object. Hence
+ # we use ``del`` to empty this one, rather than create a
+ # fresh one (which would be my natural FP instinct).
+ del data[:]
+ if len(data):
+ compressed = compressor.compress(tostring(data))
+ else:
+ compressed = ''
+ flushed = compressor.flush()
+ if len(compressed) or len(flushed):
+ # print >> sys.stderr, len(data), len(compressed), len(flushed)
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'IDAT', compressed + flushed)
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IEND
+ write_chunk(outfile, 'IEND')
+ return i+1
+
+ def write_array(self, outfile, pixels):
+ """
+ Write an array in flat row flat pixel format as a PNG file on
+ the output file. See also :meth:`write` method.
+ """
+
+ if self.interlace:
+ self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines_interlace(pixels))
+ else:
+ self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines(pixels))
+
+ def write_packed(self, outfile, rows):
+ """
+ Write PNG file to `outfile`. The pixel data comes from `rows`
+ which should be in boxed row packed format. Each row should be
+ a sequence of packed bytes.
+
+ Technically, this method does work for interlaced images but it
+ is best avoided. For interlaced images, the rows should be
+ presented in the order that they appear in the file.
+
+ This method should not be used when the source image bit depth
+ is not one naturally supported by PNG; the bit depth should be
+ 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16.
+ """
+
+ if self.rescale:
+ raise Error("write_packed method not suitable for bit depth %d" %
+ self.rescale[0])
+ return self.write_passes(outfile, rows, packed=True)
+
+ def convert_pnm(self, infile, outfile):
+ """
+ Convert a PNM file containing raw pixel data into a PNG file
+ with the parameters set in the writer object. Works for
+ (binary) PGM, PPM, and PAM formats.
+ """
+
+ if self.interlace:
+ pixels = array('B')
+ pixels.fromfile(infile,
+ (self.bitdepth/8) * self.color_planes *
+ self.width * self.height)
+ self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines_interlace(pixels))
+ else:
+ self.write_passes(outfile, self.file_scanlines(infile))
+
+ def convert_ppm_and_pgm(self, ppmfile, pgmfile, outfile):
+ """
+ Convert a PPM and PGM file containing raw pixel data into a
+ PNG outfile with the parameters set in the writer object.
+ """
+ pixels = array('B')
+ pixels.fromfile(ppmfile,
+ (self.bitdepth/8) * self.color_planes *
+ self.width * self.height)
+ apixels = array('B')
+ apixels.fromfile(pgmfile,
+ (self.bitdepth/8) *
+ self.width * self.height)
+ pixels = interleave_planes(pixels, apixels,
+ (self.bitdepth/8) * self.color_planes,
+ (self.bitdepth/8))
+ if self.interlace:
+ self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines_interlace(pixels))
+ else:
+ self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines(pixels))
+
+ def file_scanlines(self, infile):
+ """
+ Generates boxed rows in flat pixel format, from the input file
+ `infile`. It assumes that the input file is in a "Netpbm-like"
+ binary format, and is positioned at the beginning of the first
+ pixel. The number of pixels to read is taken from the image
+ dimensions (`width`, `height`, `planes`) and the number of bytes
+ per value is implied by the image `bitdepth`.
+ """
+
+ # Values per row
+ vpr = self.width * self.planes
+ row_bytes = vpr
+ if self.bitdepth > 8:
+ assert self.bitdepth == 16
+ row_bytes *= 2
+ fmt = '>%dH' % vpr
+ def line():
+ return array('H', struct.unpack(fmt, infile.read(row_bytes)))
+ else:
+ def line():
+ scanline = array('B', infile.read(row_bytes))
+ return scanline
+ for y in range(self.height):
+ yield line()
+
+ def array_scanlines(self, pixels):
+ """
+ Generates boxed rows (flat pixels) from flat rows (flat pixels)
+ in an array.
+ """
+
+ # Values per row
+ vpr = self.width * self.planes
+ stop = 0
+ for y in range(self.height):
+ start = stop
+ stop = start + vpr
+ yield pixels[start:stop]
+
+ def array_scanlines_interlace(self, pixels):
+ """
+ Generator for interlaced scanlines from an array. `pixels` is
+ the full source image in flat row flat pixel format. The
+ generator yields each scanline of the reduced passes in turn, in
+ boxed row flat pixel format.
+ """
+
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#8InterlaceMethods
+ # Array type.
+ fmt = 'BH'[self.bitdepth > 8]
+ # Value per row
+ vpr = self.width * self.planes
+ for xstart, ystart, xstep, ystep in _adam7:
+ if xstart >= self.width:
+ continue
+ # Pixels per row (of reduced image)
+ ppr = int(math.ceil((self.width-xstart)/float(xstep)))
+ # number of values in reduced image row.
+ row_len = ppr*self.planes
+ for y in range(ystart, self.height, ystep):
+ if xstep == 1:
+ offset = y * vpr
+ yield pixels[offset:offset+vpr]
+ else:
+ row = array(fmt)
+ # There's no easier way to set the length of an array
+ row.extend(pixels[0:row_len])
+ offset = y * vpr + xstart * self.planes
+ end_offset = (y+1) * vpr
+ skip = self.planes * xstep
+ for i in range(self.planes):
+ row[i::self.planes] = \
+ pixels[offset+i:end_offset:skip]
+ yield row
+
+def write_chunk(outfile, tag, data=strtobytes('')):
+ """
+ Write a PNG chunk to the output file, including length and
+ checksum.
+ """
+
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5Chunk-layout
+ outfile.write(struct.pack("!I", len(data)))
+ tag = strtobytes(tag)
+ outfile.write(tag)
+ outfile.write(data)
+ checksum = zlib.crc32(tag)
+ checksum = zlib.crc32(data, checksum)
+ checksum &= 2**32-1
+ outfile.write(struct.pack("!I", checksum))
+
+def write_chunks(out, chunks):
+ """Create a PNG file by writing out the chunks."""
+
+ out.write(_signature)
+ for chunk in chunks:
+ write_chunk(out, *chunk)
+
+def filter_scanline(type, line, fo, prev=None):
+ """Apply a scanline filter to a scanline. `type` specifies the
+ filter type (0 to 4); `line` specifies the current (unfiltered)
+ scanline as a sequence of bytes; `prev` specifies the previous
+ (unfiltered) scanline as a sequence of bytes. `fo` specifies the
+ filter offset; normally this is size of a pixel in bytes (the number
+ of bytes per sample times the number of channels), but when this is
+ < 1 (for bit depths < 8) then the filter offset is 1.
+ """
+
+ assert 0 <= type < 5
+
+ # The output array. Which, pathetically, we extend one-byte at a
+ # time (fortunately this is linear).
+ out = array('B', [type])
+
+ def sub():
+ ai = -fo
+ for x in line:
+ if ai >= 0:
+ x = (x - line[ai]) & 0xff
+ out.append(x)
+ ai += 1
+ def up():
+ for i,x in enumerate(line):
+ x = (x - prev[i]) & 0xff
+ out.append(x)
+ def average():
+ ai = -fo
+ for i,x in enumerate(line):
+ if ai >= 0:
+ x = (x - ((line[ai] + prev[i]) >> 1)) & 0xff
+ else:
+ x = (x - (prev[i] >> 1)) & 0xff
+ out.append(x)
+ ai += 1
+ def paeth():
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#9Filter-type-4-Paeth
+ ai = -fo # also used for ci
+ for i,x in enumerate(line):
+ a = 0
+ b = prev[i]
+ c = 0
+
+ if ai >= 0:
+ a = line[ai]
+ c = prev[ai]
+ p = a + b - c
+ pa = abs(p - a)
+ pb = abs(p - b)
+ pc = abs(p - c)
+ if pa <= pb and pa <= pc: Pr = a
+ elif pb <= pc: Pr = b
+ else: Pr = c
+
+ x = (x - Pr) & 0xff
+ out.append(x)
+ ai += 1
+
+ if not prev:
+ # We're on the first line. Some of the filters can be reduced
+ # to simpler cases which makes handling the line "off the top"
+ # of the image simpler. "up" becomes "none"; "paeth" becomes
+ # "left" (non-trivial, but true). "average" needs to be handled
+ # specially.
+ if type == 2: # "up"
+ return line # type = 0
+ elif type == 3:
+ prev = [0]*len(line)
+ elif type == 4: # "paeth"
+ type = 1
+ if type == 0:
+ out.extend(line)
+ elif type == 1:
+ sub()
+ elif type == 2:
+ up()
+ elif type == 3:
+ average()
+ else: # type == 4
+ paeth()
+ return out
+
+
+def from_array(a, mode=None, info={}):
+ """Create a PNG :class:`Image` object from a 2- or 3-dimensional array.
+ One application of this function is easy PIL-style saving:
+ ``png.from_array(pixels, 'L').save('foo.png')``.
+
+ .. note :
+
+ The use of the term *3-dimensional* is for marketing purposes
+ only. It doesn't actually work. Please bear with us. Meanwhile
+ enjoy the complimentary snacks (on request) and please use a
+ 2-dimensional array.
+
+ Unless they are specified using the *info* parameter, the PNG's
+ height and width are taken from the array size. For a 3 dimensional
+ array the first axis is the height; the second axis is the width;
+ and the third axis is the channel number. Thus an RGB image that is
+ 16 pixels high and 8 wide will use an array that is 16x8x3. For 2
+ dimensional arrays the first axis is the height, but the second axis
+ is ``width*channels``, so an RGB image that is 16 pixels high and 8
+ wide will use a 2-dimensional array that is 16x24 (each row will be
+ 8*3==24 sample values).
+
+ *mode* is a string that specifies the image colour format in a
+ PIL-style mode. It can be:
+
+ ``'L'``
+ greyscale (1 channel)
+ ``'LA'``
+ greyscale with alpha (2 channel)
+ ``'RGB'``
+ colour image (3 channel)
+ ``'RGBA'``
+ colour image with alpha (4 channel)
+
+ The mode string can also specify the bit depth (overriding how this
+ function normally derives the bit depth, see below). Appending
+ ``';16'`` to the mode will cause the PNG to be 16 bits per channel;
+ any decimal from 1 to 16 can be used to specify the bit depth.
+
+ When a 2-dimensional array is used *mode* determines how many
+ channels the image has, and so allows the width to be derived from
+ the second array dimension.
+
+ The array is expected to be a ``numpy`` array, but it can be any
+ suitable Python sequence. For example, a list of lists can be used:
+ ``png.from_array([[0, 255, 0], [255, 0, 255]], 'L')``. The exact
+ rules are: ``len(a)`` gives the first dimension, height;
+ ``len(a[0])`` gives the second dimension; ``len(a[0][0])`` gives the
+ third dimension, unless an exception is raised in which case a
+ 2-dimensional array is assumed. It's slightly more complicated than
+ that because an iterator of rows can be used, and it all still
+ works. Using an iterator allows data to be streamed efficiently.
+
+ The bit depth of the PNG is normally taken from the array element's
+ datatype (but if *mode* specifies a bitdepth then that is used
+ instead). The array element's datatype is determined in a way which
+ is supposed to work both for ``numpy`` arrays and for Python
+ ``array.array`` objects. A 1 byte datatype will give a bit depth of
+ 8, a 2 byte datatype will give a bit depth of 16. If the datatype
+ does not have an implicit size, for example it is a plain Python
+ list of lists, as above, then a default of 8 is used.
+
+ The *info* parameter is a dictionary that can be used to specify
+ metadata (in the same style as the arguments to the
+ :class:``png.Writer`` class). For this function the keys that are
+ useful are:
+
+ height
+ overrides the height derived from the array dimensions and allows
+ *a* to be an iterable.
+ width
+ overrides the width derived from the array dimensions.
+ bitdepth
+ overrides the bit depth derived from the element datatype (but
+ must match *mode* if that also specifies a bit depth).
+
+ Generally anything specified in the
+ *info* dictionary will override any implicit choices that this
+ function would otherwise make, but must match any explicit ones.
+ For example, if the *info* dictionary has a ``greyscale`` key then
+ this must be true when mode is ``'L'`` or ``'LA'`` and false when
+ mode is ``'RGB'`` or ``'RGBA'``.
+ """
+
+ # We abuse the *info* parameter by modifying it. Take a copy here.
+ # (Also typechecks *info* to some extent).
+ info = dict(info)
+
+ # Syntax check mode string.
+ bitdepth = None
+ try:
+ mode = mode.split(';')
+ if len(mode) not in (1,2):
+ raise Error()
+ if mode[0] not in ('L', 'LA', 'RGB', 'RGBA'):
+ raise Error()
+ if len(mode) == 2:
+ try:
+ bitdepth = int(mode[1])
+ except:
+ raise Error()
+ except Error:
+ raise Error("mode string should be 'RGB' or 'L;16' or similar.")
+ mode = mode[0]
+
+ # Get bitdepth from *mode* if possible.
+ if bitdepth:
+ if info.get('bitdepth') and bitdepth != info['bitdepth']:
+ raise Error("mode bitdepth (%d) should match info bitdepth (%d)." %
+ (bitdepth, info['bitdepth']))
+ info['bitdepth'] = bitdepth
+
+ # Fill in and/or check entries in *info*.
+ # Dimensions.
+ if 'size' in info:
+ # Check width, height, size all match where used.
+ for dimension,axis in [('width', 0), ('height', 1)]:
+ if dimension in info:
+ if info[dimension] != info['size'][axis]:
+ raise Error(
+ "info[%r] shhould match info['size'][%r]." %
+ (dimension, axis))
+ info['width'],info['height'] = info['size']
+ if 'height' not in info:
+ try:
+ l = len(a)
+ except:
+ raise Error(
+ "len(a) does not work, supply info['height'] instead.")
+ info['height'] = l
+ # Colour format.
+ if 'greyscale' in info:
+ if bool(info['greyscale']) != ('L' in mode):
+ raise Error("info['greyscale'] should match mode.")
+ info['greyscale'] = 'L' in mode
+ if 'alpha' in info:
+ if bool(info['alpha']) != ('A' in mode):
+ raise Error("info['alpha'] should match mode.")
+ info['alpha'] = 'A' in mode
+
+ planes = len(mode)
+ if 'planes' in info:
+ if info['planes'] != planes:
+ raise Error("info['planes'] should match mode.")
+
+ # In order to work out whether we the array is 2D or 3D we need its
+ # first row, which requires that we take a copy of its iterator.
+ # We may also need the first row to derive width and bitdepth.
+ a,t = itertools.tee(a)
+ row = t.next()
+ del t
+ try:
+ row[0][0]
+ threed = True
+ testelement = row[0]
+ except:
+ threed = False
+ testelement = row
+ if 'width' not in info:
+ if threed:
+ width = len(row)
+ else:
+ width = len(row) // planes
+ info['width'] = width
+
+ # Not implemented yet
+ assert not threed
+
+ if 'bitdepth' not in info:
+ try:
+ dtype = testelement.dtype
+ # goto the "else:" clause. Sorry.
+ except:
+ try:
+ # Try a Python array.array.
+ bitdepth = 8 * testelement.itemsize
+ except:
+ # We can't determine it from the array element's
+ # datatype, use a default of 8.
+ bitdepth = 8
+ else:
+ # If we got here without exception, we now assume that
+ # the array is a numpy array.
+ if dtype.kind == 'b':
+ bitdepth = 1
+ else:
+ bitdepth = 8 * dtype.itemsize
+ info['bitdepth'] = bitdepth
+
+ for thing in 'width height bitdepth greyscale alpha'.split():
+ assert thing in info
+ return Image(a, info)
+
+# So that refugee's from PIL feel more at home. Not documented.
+fromarray = from_array
+
+class Image:
+ """A PNG image.
+ You can create an :class:`Image` object from an array of pixels by calling
+ :meth:`png.from_array`. It can be saved to disk with the
+ :meth:`save` method."""
+ def __init__(self, rows, info):
+ """
+ .. note ::
+
+ The constructor is not public. Please do not call it.
+ """
+
+ self.rows = rows
+ self.info = info
+
+ def save(self, file):
+ """Save the image to *file*. If *file* looks like an open file
+ descriptor then it is used, otherwise it is treated as a
+ filename and a fresh file is opened.
+
+ In general, you can only call this method once; after it has
+ been called the first time and the PNG image has been saved, the
+ source data will have been streamed, and cannot be streamed
+ again.
+ """
+
+ w = Writer(**self.info)
+
+ try:
+ file.write
+ def close(): pass
+ except:
+ file = open(file, 'wb')
+ def close(): file.close()
+
+ try:
+ w.write(file, self.rows)
+ finally:
+ close()
+
+class _readable:
+ """
+ A simple file-like interface for strings and arrays.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, buf):
+ self.buf = buf
+ self.offset = 0
+
+ def read(self, n):
+ r = self.buf[self.offset:self.offset+n]
+ if isarray(r):
+ r = r.tostring()
+ self.offset += n
+ return r
+
+
+class Reader:
+ """
+ PNG decoder in pure Python.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, _guess=None, **kw):
+ """
+ Create a PNG decoder object.
+
+ The constructor expects exactly one keyword argument. If you
+ supply a positional argument instead, it will guess the input
+ type. You can choose among the following keyword arguments:
+
+ filename
+ Name of input file (a PNG file).
+ file
+ A file-like object (object with a read() method).
+ bytes
+ ``array`` or ``string`` with PNG data.
+
+ """
+ if ((_guess is not None and len(kw) != 0) or
+ (_guess is None and len(kw) != 1)):
+ raise TypeError("Reader() takes exactly 1 argument")
+
+ # Will be the first 8 bytes, later on. See validate_signature.
+ self.signature = None
+ self.transparent = None
+ # A pair of (len,type) if a chunk has been read but its data and
+ # checksum have not (in other words the file position is just
+ # past the 4 bytes that specify the chunk type). See preamble
+ # method for how this is used.
+ self.atchunk = None
+
+ if _guess is not None:
+ if isarray(_guess):
+ kw["bytes"] = _guess
+ elif isinstance(_guess, str):
+ kw["filename"] = _guess
+ elif isinstance(_guess, file):
+ kw["file"] = _guess
+
+ if "filename" in kw:
+ self.file = open(kw["filename"], "rb")
+ elif "file" in kw:
+ self.file = kw["file"]
+ elif "bytes" in kw:
+ self.file = _readable(kw["bytes"])
+ else:
+ raise TypeError("expecting filename, file or bytes array")
+
+
+ def chunk(self, seek=None, lenient=False):
+ """
+ Read the next PNG chunk from the input file; returns a
+ (*type*,*data*) tuple. *type* is the chunk's type as a string
+ (all PNG chunk types are 4 characters long). *data* is the
+ chunk's data content, as a string.
+
+ If the optional `seek` argument is
+ specified then it will keep reading chunks until it either runs
+ out of file or finds the type specified by the argument. Note
+ that in general the order of chunks in PNGs is unspecified, so
+ using `seek` can cause you to miss chunks.
+
+ If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+ checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+ """
+
+ self.validate_signature()
+
+ while True:
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5Chunk-layout
+ if not self.atchunk:
+ self.atchunk = self.chunklentype()
+ length,type = self.atchunk
+ self.atchunk = None
+ data = self.file.read(length)
+ if len(data) != length:
+ raise ChunkError('Chunk %s too short for required %i octets.'
+ % (type, length))
+ checksum = self.file.read(4)
+ if len(checksum) != 4:
+ raise ValueError('Chunk %s too short for checksum.', tag)
+ if seek and type != seek:
+ continue
+ verify = zlib.crc32(strtobytes(type))
+ verify = zlib.crc32(data, verify)
+ # Whether the output from zlib.crc32 is signed or not varies
+ # according to hideous implementation details, see
+ # http://bugs.python.org/issue1202 .
+ # We coerce it to be positive here (in a way which works on
+ # Python 2.3 and older).
+ verify &= 2**32 - 1
+ verify = struct.pack('!I', verify)
+ if checksum != verify:
+ # print repr(checksum)
+ (a, ) = struct.unpack('!I', checksum)
+ (b, ) = struct.unpack('!I', verify)
+ message = "Checksum error in %s chunk: 0x%08X != 0x%08X." % (type, a, b)
+ if lenient:
+ warnings.warn(message, RuntimeWarning)
+ else:
+ raise ChunkError(message)
+ return type, data
+
+ def chunks(self):
+ """Return an iterator that will yield each chunk as a
+ (*chunktype*, *content*) pair.
+ """
+
+ while True:
+ t,v = self.chunk()
+ yield t,v
+ if t == 'IEND':
+ break
+
+ def undo_filter(self, filter_type, scanline, previous):
+ """Undo the filter for a scanline. `scanline` is a sequence of
+ bytes that does not include the initial filter type byte.
+ `previous` is decoded previous scanline (for straightlaced
+ images this is the previous pixel row, but for interlaced
+ images, it is the previous scanline in the reduced image, which
+ in general is not the previous pixel row in the final image).
+ When there is no previous scanline (the first row of a
+ straightlaced image, or the first row in one of the passes in an
+ interlaced image), then this argument should be ``None``.
+
+ The scanline will have the effects of filtering removed, and the
+ result will be returned as a fresh sequence of bytes.
+ """
+
+ # :todo: Would it be better to update scanline in place?
+ # Yes, with the Cython extension making the undo_filter fast,
+ # updating scanline inplace makes the code 3 times faster
+ # (reading 50 images of 800x800 went from 40s to 16s)
+ result = scanline
+
+ if filter_type == 0:
+ return result
+
+ if filter_type not in (1,2,3,4):
+ raise FormatError('Invalid PNG Filter Type.'
+ ' See http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#9Filters .')
+
+ # Filter unit. The stride from one pixel to the corresponding
+ # byte from the previous previous. Normally this is the pixel
+ # size in bytes, but when this is smaller than 1, the previous
+ # byte is used instead.
+ fu = max(1, self.psize)
+
+ # For the first line of a pass, synthesize a dummy previous
+ # line. An alternative approach would be to observe that on the
+ # first line 'up' is the same as 'null', 'paeth' is the same
+ # as 'sub', with only 'average' requiring any special case.
+ if not previous:
+ previous = array('B', [0]*len(scanline))
+
+ def sub():
+ """Undo sub filter."""
+
+ ai = 0
+ # Loops starts at index fu. Observe that the initial part
+ # of the result is already filled in correctly with
+ # scanline.
+ for i in range(fu, len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ a = result[ai]
+ result[i] = (x + a) & 0xff
+ ai += 1
+
+ def up():
+ """Undo up filter."""
+
+ for i in range(len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ b = previous[i]
+ result[i] = (x + b) & 0xff
+
+ def average():
+ """Undo average filter."""
+
+ ai = -fu
+ for i in range(len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ if ai < 0:
+ a = 0
+ else:
+ a = result[ai]
+ b = previous[i]
+ result[i] = (x + ((a + b) >> 1)) & 0xff
+ ai += 1
+
+ def paeth():
+ """Undo Paeth filter."""
+
+ # Also used for ci.
+ ai = -fu
+ for i in range(len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ if ai < 0:
+ a = c = 0
+ else:
+ a = result[ai]
+ c = previous[ai]
+ b = previous[i]
+ p = a + b - c
+ pa = abs(p - a)
+ pb = abs(p - b)
+ pc = abs(p - c)
+ if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
+ pr = a
+ elif pb <= pc:
+ pr = b
+ else:
+ pr = c
+ result[i] = (x + pr) & 0xff
+ ai += 1
+
+ # Call appropriate filter algorithm. Note that 0 has already
+ # been dealt with.
+ (None,
+ pngfilters.undo_filter_sub,
+ pngfilters.undo_filter_up,
+ pngfilters.undo_filter_average,
+ pngfilters.undo_filter_paeth)[filter_type](fu, scanline, previous, result)
+ return result
+
+ def deinterlace(self, raw):
+ """
+ Read raw pixel data, undo filters, deinterlace, and flatten.
+ Return in flat row flat pixel format.
+ """
+
+ # print >> sys.stderr, ("Reading interlaced, w=%s, r=%s, planes=%s," +
+ # " bpp=%s") % (self.width, self.height, self.planes, self.bps)
+ # Values per row (of the target image)
+ vpr = self.width * self.planes
+
+ # Make a result array, and make it big enough. Interleaving
+ # writes to the output array randomly (well, not quite), so the
+ # entire output array must be in memory.
+ fmt = 'BH'[self.bitdepth > 8]
+ a = array(fmt, [0]*vpr*self.height)
+ source_offset = 0
+
+ for xstart, ystart, xstep, ystep in _adam7:
+ # print >> sys.stderr, "Adam7: start=%s,%s step=%s,%s" % (
+ # xstart, ystart, xstep, ystep)
+ if xstart >= self.width:
+ continue
+ # The previous (reconstructed) scanline. None at the
+ # beginning of a pass to indicate that there is no previous
+ # line.
+ recon = None
+ # Pixels per row (reduced pass image)
+ ppr = int(math.ceil((self.width-xstart)/float(xstep)))
+ # Row size in bytes for this pass.
+ row_size = int(math.ceil(self.psize * ppr))
+ for y in range(ystart, self.height, ystep):
+ filter_type = raw[source_offset]
+ source_offset += 1
+ scanline = raw[source_offset:source_offset+row_size]
+ source_offset += row_size
+ recon = self.undo_filter(filter_type, scanline, recon)
+ # Convert so that there is one element per pixel value
+ flat = self.serialtoflat(recon, ppr)
+ if xstep == 1:
+ assert xstart == 0
+ offset = y * vpr
+ a[offset:offset+vpr] = flat
+ else:
+ offset = y * vpr + xstart * self.planes
+ end_offset = (y+1) * vpr
+ skip = self.planes * xstep
+ for i in range(self.planes):
+ a[offset+i:end_offset:skip] = \
+ flat[i::self.planes]
+ return a
+
+ def iterboxed(self, rows):
+ """Iterator that yields each scanline in boxed row flat pixel
+ format. `rows` should be an iterator that yields the bytes of
+ each row in turn.
+ """
+
+ def asvalues(raw):
+ """Convert a row of raw bytes into a flat row. Result may
+ or may not share with argument"""
+
+ if self.bitdepth == 8:
+ return raw
+ if self.bitdepth == 16:
+ raw = tostring(raw)
+ return array('H', struct.unpack('!%dH' % (len(raw)//2), raw))
+ assert self.bitdepth < 8
+ width = self.width
+ # Samples per byte
+ spb = 8//self.bitdepth
+ out = array('B')
+ mask = 2**self.bitdepth - 1
+ shifts = map(self.bitdepth.__mul__, reversed(range(spb)))
+ for o in raw:
+ out.extend(map(lambda i: mask&(o>>i), shifts))
+ return out[:width]
+
+ return itertools.imap(asvalues, rows)
+
+ def serialtoflat(self, bytes, width=None):
+ """Convert serial format (byte stream) pixel data to flat row
+ flat pixel.
+ """
+
+ if self.bitdepth == 8:
+ return bytes
+ if self.bitdepth == 16:
+ bytes = tostring(bytes)
+ return array('H',
+ struct.unpack('!%dH' % (len(bytes)//2), bytes))
+ assert self.bitdepth < 8
+ if width is None:
+ width = self.width
+ # Samples per byte
+ spb = 8//self.bitdepth
+ out = array('B')
+ mask = 2**self.bitdepth - 1
+ shifts = map(self.bitdepth.__mul__, reversed(range(spb)))
+ l = width
+ for o in bytes:
+ out.extend([(mask&(o>>s)) for s in shifts][:l])
+ l -= spb
+ if l <= 0:
+ l = width
+ return out
+
+ def iterstraight(self, raw):
+ """Iterator that undoes the effect of filtering, and yields each
+ row in serialised format (as a sequence of bytes). Assumes input
+ is straightlaced. `raw` should be an iterable that yields the
+ raw bytes in chunks of arbitrary size."""
+
+ # length of row, in bytes
+ rb = self.row_bytes
+ a = array('B')
+ # The previous (reconstructed) scanline. None indicates first
+ # line of image.
+ recon = None
+ for some in raw:
+ a.extend(some)
+ while len(a) >= rb + 1:
+ filter_type = a[0]
+ scanline = a[1:rb+1]
+ del a[:rb+1]
+ recon = self.undo_filter(filter_type, scanline, recon)
+ yield recon
+ if len(a) != 0:
+ # :file:format We get here with a file format error: when the
+ # available bytes (after decompressing) do not pack into exact
+ # rows.
+ raise FormatError(
+ 'Wrong size for decompressed IDAT chunk.')
+ assert len(a) == 0
+
+ def validate_signature(self):
+ """If signature (header) has not been read then read and
+ validate it; otherwise do nothing.
+ """
+
+ if self.signature:
+ return
+ self.signature = self.file.read(8)
+ if self.signature != _signature:
+ raise FormatError("PNG file has invalid signature.")
+
+ def preamble(self, lenient=False):
+ """
+ Extract the image metadata by reading the initial part of the PNG
+ file up to the start of the ``IDAT`` chunk. All the chunks that
+ precede the ``IDAT`` chunk are read and either processed for
+ metadata or discarded.
+
+ If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+ checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+ """
+
+ self.validate_signature()
+
+ while True:
+ if not self.atchunk:
+ self.atchunk = self.chunklentype()
+ if self.atchunk is None:
+ raise FormatError(
+ 'This PNG file has no IDAT chunks.')
+ if self.atchunk[1] == 'IDAT':
+ return
+ self.process_chunk(lenient=lenient)
+
+ def chunklentype(self):
+ """Reads just enough of the input to determine the next
+ chunk's length and type, returned as a (*length*, *type*) pair
+ where *type* is a string. If there are no more chunks, ``None``
+ is returned.
+ """
+
+ x = self.file.read(8)
+ if not x:
+ return None
+ if len(x) != 8:
+ raise FormatError(
+ 'End of file whilst reading chunk length and type.')
+ length,type = struct.unpack('!I4s', x)
+ type = bytestostr(type)
+ if length > 2**31-1:
+ raise FormatError('Chunk %s is too large: %d.' % (type,length))
+ return length,type
+
+ def process_chunk(self, lenient=False):
+ """Process the next chunk and its data. This only processes the
+ following chunk types, all others are ignored: ``IHDR``,
+ ``PLTE``, ``bKGD``, ``tRNS``, ``gAMA``, ``sBIT``.
+
+ If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+ checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+ """
+
+ type, data = self.chunk(lenient=lenient)
+ if type == 'IHDR':
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IHDR
+ if len(data) != 13:
+ raise FormatError('IHDR chunk has incorrect length.')
+ (self.width, self.height, self.bitdepth, self.color_type,
+ self.compression, self.filter,
+ self.interlace) = struct.unpack("!2I5B", data)
+
+ # Check that the header specifies only valid combinations.
+ if self.bitdepth not in (1,2,4,8,16):
+ raise Error("invalid bit depth %d" % self.bitdepth)
+ if self.color_type not in (0,2,3,4,6):
+ raise Error("invalid colour type %d" % self.color_type)
+ # Check indexed (palettized) images have 8 or fewer bits
+ # per pixel; check only indexed or greyscale images have
+ # fewer than 8 bits per pixel.
+ if ((self.color_type & 1 and self.bitdepth > 8) or
+ (self.bitdepth < 8 and self.color_type not in (0,3))):
+ raise FormatError("Illegal combination of bit depth (%d)"
+ " and colour type (%d)."
+ " See http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#table111 ."
+ % (self.bitdepth, self.color_type))
+ if self.compression != 0:
+ raise Error("unknown compression method %d" % self.compression)
+ if self.filter != 0:
+ raise FormatError("Unknown filter method %d,"
+ " see http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#9Filters ."
+ % self.filter)
+ if self.interlace not in (0,1):
+ raise FormatError("Unknown interlace method %d,"
+ " see http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#8InterlaceMethods ."
+ % self.interlace)
+
+ # Derived values
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#6Colour-values
+ colormap = bool(self.color_type & 1)
+ greyscale = not (self.color_type & 2)
+ alpha = bool(self.color_type & 4)
+ color_planes = (3,1)[greyscale or colormap]
+ planes = color_planes + alpha
+
+ self.colormap = colormap
+ self.greyscale = greyscale
+ self.alpha = alpha
+ self.color_planes = color_planes
+ self.planes = planes
+ self.psize = float(self.bitdepth)/float(8) * planes
+ if int(self.psize) == self.psize:
+ self.psize = int(self.psize)
+ self.row_bytes = int(math.ceil(self.width * self.psize))
+ # Stores PLTE chunk if present, and is used to check
+ # chunk ordering constraints.
+ self.plte = None
+ # Stores tRNS chunk if present, and is used to check chunk
+ # ordering constraints.
+ self.trns = None
+ # Stores sbit chunk if present.
+ self.sbit = None
+ elif type == 'PLTE':
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11PLTE
+ if self.plte:
+ warnings.warn("Multiple PLTE chunks present.")
+ self.plte = data
+ if len(data) % 3 != 0:
+ raise FormatError(
+ "PLTE chunk's length should be a multiple of 3.")
+ if len(data) > (2**self.bitdepth)*3:
+ raise FormatError("PLTE chunk is too long.")
+ if len(data) == 0:
+ raise FormatError("Empty PLTE is not allowed.")
+ elif type == 'bKGD':
+ try:
+ if self.colormap:
+ if not self.plte:
+ warnings.warn(
+ "PLTE chunk is required before bKGD chunk.")
+ self.background = struct.unpack('B', data)
+ else:
+ self.background = struct.unpack("!%dH" % self.color_planes,
+ data)
+ except struct.error:
+ raise FormatError("bKGD chunk has incorrect length.")
+ elif type == 'tRNS':
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11tRNS
+ self.trns = data
+ if self.colormap:
+ if not self.plte:
+ warnings.warn("PLTE chunk is required before tRNS chunk.")
+ else:
+ if len(data) > len(self.plte)/3:
+ # Was warning, but promoted to Error as it
+ # would otherwise cause pain later on.
+ raise FormatError("tRNS chunk is too long.")
+ else:
+ if self.alpha:
+ raise FormatError(
+ "tRNS chunk is not valid with colour type %d." %
+ self.color_type)
+ try:
+ self.transparent = \
+ struct.unpack("!%dH" % self.color_planes, data)
+ except struct.error:
+ raise FormatError("tRNS chunk has incorrect length.")
+ elif type == 'gAMA':
+ try:
+ self.gamma = struct.unpack("!L", data)[0] / 100000.0
+ except struct.error:
+ raise FormatError("gAMA chunk has incorrect length.")
+ elif type == 'sBIT':
+ self.sbit = data
+ if (self.colormap and len(data) != 3 or
+ not self.colormap and len(data) != self.planes):
+ raise FormatError("sBIT chunk has incorrect length.")
+
+ def read(self, lenient=False):
+ """
+ Read the PNG file and decode it. Returns (`width`, `height`,
+ `pixels`, `metadata`).
+
+ May use excessive memory.
+
+ `pixels` are returned in boxed row flat pixel format.
+
+ If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+ checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+ """
+
+ def iteridat():
+ """Iterator that yields all the ``IDAT`` chunks as strings."""
+ while True:
+ try:
+ type, data = self.chunk(lenient=lenient)
+ except ValueError, e:
+ raise ChunkError(e.args[0])
+ if type == 'IEND':
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IEND
+ break
+ if type != 'IDAT':
+ continue
+ # type == 'IDAT'
+ # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IDAT
+ if self.colormap and not self.plte:
+ warnings.warn("PLTE chunk is required before IDAT chunk")
+ yield data
+
+ def iterdecomp(idat):
+ """Iterator that yields decompressed strings. `idat` should
+ be an iterator that yields the ``IDAT`` chunk data.
+ """
+
+ # Currently, with no max_length paramter to decompress, this
+ # routine will do one yield per IDAT chunk. So not very
+ # incremental.
+ d = zlib.decompressobj()
+ # Each IDAT chunk is passed to the decompressor, then any
+ # remaining state is decompressed out.
+ for data in idat:
+ # :todo: add a max_length argument here to limit output
+ # size.
+ yield array('B', d.decompress(data))
+ yield array('B', d.flush())
+
+ self.preamble(lenient=lenient)
+ raw = iterdecomp(iteridat())
+
+ if self.interlace:
+ raw = array('B', itertools.chain(*raw))
+ arraycode = 'BH'[self.bitdepth>8]
+ # Like :meth:`group` but producing an array.array object for
+ # each row.
+ pixels = itertools.imap(lambda *row: array(arraycode, row),
+ *[iter(self.deinterlace(raw))]*self.width*self.planes)
+ else:
+ pixels = self.iterboxed(self.iterstraight(raw))
+ meta = dict()
+ for attr in 'greyscale alpha planes bitdepth interlace'.split():
+ meta[attr] = getattr(self, attr)
+ meta['size'] = (self.width, self.height)
+ for attr in 'gamma transparent background'.split():
+ a = getattr(self, attr, None)
+ if a is not None:
+ meta[attr] = a
+ if self.plte:
+ meta['palette'] = self.palette()
+ return self.width, self.height, pixels, meta
+
+
+ def read_flat(self):
+ """
+ Read a PNG file and decode it into flat row flat pixel format.
+ Returns (*width*, *height*, *pixels*, *metadata*).
+
+ May use excessive memory.
+
+ `pixels` are returned in flat row flat pixel format.
+
+ See also the :meth:`read` method which returns pixels in the
+ more stream-friendly boxed row flat pixel format.
+ """
+
+ x, y, pixel, meta = self.read()
+ arraycode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth']>8]
+ pixel = array(arraycode, itertools.chain(*pixel))
+ return x, y, pixel, meta
+
+ def palette(self, alpha='natural'):
+ """Returns a palette that is a sequence of 3-tuples or 4-tuples,
+ synthesizing it from the ``PLTE`` and ``tRNS`` chunks. These
+ chunks should have already been processed (for example, by
+ calling the :meth:`preamble` method). All the tuples are the
+ same size: 3-tuples if there is no ``tRNS`` chunk, 4-tuples when
+ there is a ``tRNS`` chunk. Assumes that the image is colour type
+ 3 and therefore a ``PLTE`` chunk is required.
+
+ If the `alpha` argument is ``'force'`` then an alpha channel is
+ always added, forcing the result to be a sequence of 4-tuples.
+ """
+
+ if not self.plte:
+ raise FormatError(
+ "Required PLTE chunk is missing in colour type 3 image.")
+ plte = group(array('B', self.plte), 3)
+ if self.trns or alpha == 'force':
+ trns = array('B', self.trns or '')
+ trns.extend([255]*(len(plte)-len(trns)))
+ plte = map(operator.add, plte, group(trns, 1))
+ return plte
+
+ def asDirect(self):
+ """Returns the image data as a direct representation of an
+ ``x * y * planes`` array. This method is intended to remove the
+ need for callers to deal with palettes and transparency
+ themselves. Images with a palette (colour type 3)
+ are converted to RGB or RGBA; images with transparency (a
+ ``tRNS`` chunk) are converted to LA or RGBA as appropriate.
+ When returned in this format the pixel values represent the
+ colour value directly without needing to refer to palettes or
+ transparency information.
+
+ Like the :meth:`read` method this method returns a 4-tuple:
+
+ (*width*, *height*, *pixels*, *meta*)
+
+ This method normally returns pixel values with the bit depth
+ they have in the source image, but when the source PNG has an
+ ``sBIT`` chunk it is inspected and can reduce the bit depth of
+ the result pixels; pixel values will be reduced according to
+ the bit depth specified in the ``sBIT`` chunk (PNG nerds should
+ note a single result bit depth is used for all channels; the
+ maximum of the ones specified in the ``sBIT`` chunk. An RGB565
+ image will be rescaled to 6-bit RGB666).
+
+ The *meta* dictionary that is returned reflects the `direct`
+ format and not the original source image. For example, an RGB
+ source image with a ``tRNS`` chunk to represent a transparent
+ colour, will have ``planes=3`` and ``alpha=False`` for the
+ source image, but the *meta* dictionary returned by this method
+ will have ``planes=4`` and ``alpha=True`` because an alpha
+ channel is synthesized and added.
+
+ *pixels* is the pixel data in boxed row flat pixel format (just
+ like the :meth:`read` method).
+
+ All the other aspects of the image data are not changed.
+ """
+
+ self.preamble()
+
+ # Simple case, no conversion necessary.
+ if not self.colormap and not self.trns and not self.sbit:
+ return self.read()
+
+ x,y,pixels,meta = self.read()
+
+ if self.colormap:
+ meta['colormap'] = False
+ meta['alpha'] = bool(self.trns)
+ meta['bitdepth'] = 8
+ meta['planes'] = 3 + bool(self.trns)
+ plte = self.palette()
+ def iterpal(pixels):
+ for row in pixels:
+ row = map(plte.__getitem__, row)
+ yield array('B', itertools.chain(*row))
+ pixels = iterpal(pixels)
+ elif self.trns:
+ # It would be nice if there was some reasonable way of doing
+ # this without generating a whole load of intermediate tuples.
+ # But tuples does seem like the easiest way, with no other way
+ # clearly much simpler or much faster. (Actually, the L to LA
+ # conversion could perhaps go faster (all those 1-tuples!), but
+ # I still wonder whether the code proliferation is worth it)
+ it = self.transparent
+ maxval = 2**meta['bitdepth']-1
+ planes = meta['planes']
+ meta['alpha'] = True
+ meta['planes'] += 1
+ typecode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth']>8]
+ def itertrns(pixels):
+ for row in pixels:
+ # For each row we group it into pixels, then form a
+ # characterisation vector that says whether each pixel
+ # is opaque or not. Then we convert True/False to
+ # 0/maxval (by multiplication), and add it as the extra
+ # channel.
+ row = group(row, planes)
+ opa = map(it.__ne__, row)
+ opa = map(maxval.__mul__, opa)
+ opa = zip(opa) # convert to 1-tuples
+ yield array(typecode,
+ itertools.chain(*map(operator.add, row, opa)))
+ pixels = itertrns(pixels)
+ targetbitdepth = None
+ if self.sbit:
+ sbit = struct.unpack('%dB' % len(self.sbit), self.sbit)
+ targetbitdepth = max(sbit)
+ if targetbitdepth > meta['bitdepth']:
+ raise Error('sBIT chunk %r exceeds bitdepth %d' %
+ (sbit,self.bitdepth))
+ if min(sbit) <= 0:
+ raise Error('sBIT chunk %r has a 0-entry' % sbit)
+ if targetbitdepth == meta['bitdepth']:
+ targetbitdepth = None
+ if targetbitdepth:
+ shift = meta['bitdepth'] - targetbitdepth
+ meta['bitdepth'] = targetbitdepth
+ def itershift(pixels):
+ for row in pixels:
+ yield map(shift.__rrshift__, row)
+ pixels = itershift(pixels)
+ return x,y,pixels,meta
+
+ def asFloat(self, maxval=1.0):
+ """Return image pixels as per :meth:`asDirect` method, but scale
+ all pixel values to be floating point values between 0.0 and
+ *maxval*.
+ """
+
+ x,y,pixels,info = self.asDirect()
+ sourcemaxval = 2**info['bitdepth']-1
+ del info['bitdepth']
+ info['maxval'] = float(maxval)
+ factor = float(maxval)/float(sourcemaxval)
+ def iterfloat():
+ for row in pixels:
+ yield map(factor.__mul__, row)
+ return x,y,iterfloat(),info
+
+ def _as_rescale(self, get, targetbitdepth):
+ """Helper used by :meth:`asRGB8` and :meth:`asRGBA8`."""
+
+ width,height,pixels,meta = get()
+ maxval = 2**meta['bitdepth'] - 1
+ targetmaxval = 2**targetbitdepth - 1
+ factor = float(targetmaxval) / float(maxval)
+ meta['bitdepth'] = targetbitdepth
+ def iterscale():
+ for row in pixels:
+ yield map(lambda x: int(round(x*factor)), row)
+ if maxval == targetmaxval:
+ return width, height, pixels, meta
+ else:
+ return width, height, iterscale(), meta
+
+ def asRGB8(self):
+ """Return the image data as an RGB pixels with 8-bits per
+ sample. This is like the :meth:`asRGB` method except that
+ this method additionally rescales the values so that they
+ are all between 0 and 255 (8-bit). In the case where the
+ source image has a bit depth < 8 the transformation preserves
+ all the information; where the source image has bit depth
+ > 8, then rescaling to 8-bit values loses precision. No
+ dithering is performed. Like :meth:`asRGB`, an alpha channel
+ in the source image will raise an exception.
+
+ This function returns a 4-tuple:
+ (*width*, *height*, *pixels*, *metadata*).
+ *width*, *height*, *metadata* are as per the :meth:`read` method.
+
+ *pixels* is the pixel data in boxed row flat pixel format.
+ """
+
+ return self._as_rescale(self.asRGB, 8)
+
+ def asRGBA8(self):
+ """Return the image data as RGBA pixels with 8-bits per
+ sample. This method is similar to :meth:`asRGB8` and
+ :meth:`asRGBA`: The result pixels have an alpha channel, *and*
+ values are rescaled to the range 0 to 255. The alpha channel is
+ synthesized if necessary (with a small speed penalty).
+ """
+
+ return self._as_rescale(self.asRGBA, 8)
+
+ def asRGB(self):
+ """Return image as RGB pixels. RGB colour images are passed
+ through unchanged; greyscales are expanded into RGB
+ triplets (there is a small speed overhead for doing this).
+
+ An alpha channel in the source image will raise an
+ exception.
+
+ The return values are as for the :meth:`read` method
+ except that the *metadata* reflect the returned pixels, not the
+ source image. In particular, for this method
+ ``metadata['greyscale']`` will be ``False``.
+ """
+
+ width,height,pixels,meta = self.asDirect()
+ if meta['alpha']:
+ raise Error("will not convert image with alpha channel to RGB")
+ if not meta['greyscale']:
+ return width,height,pixels,meta
+ meta['greyscale'] = False
+ typecode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth'] > 8]
+ def iterrgb():
+ for row in pixels:
+ a = array(typecode, [0]) * 3 * width
+ for i in range(3):
+ a[i::3] = row
+ yield a
+ return width,height,iterrgb(),meta
+
+ def asRGBA(self):
+ """Return image as RGBA pixels. Greyscales are expanded into
+ RGB triplets; an alpha channel is synthesized if necessary.
+ The return values are as for the :meth:`read` method
+ except that the *metadata* reflect the returned pixels, not the
+ source image. In particular, for this method
+ ``metadata['greyscale']`` will be ``False``, and
+ ``metadata['alpha']`` will be ``True``.
+ """
+
+ width,height,pixels,meta = self.asDirect()
+ if meta['alpha'] and not meta['greyscale']:
+ return width,height,pixels,meta
+ typecode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth'] > 8]
+ maxval = 2**meta['bitdepth'] - 1
+ maxbuffer = struct.pack('=' + typecode, maxval) * 4 * width
+ def newarray():
+ return array(typecode, maxbuffer)
+
+ if meta['alpha'] and meta['greyscale']:
+ # LA to RGBA
+ def convert():
+ for row in pixels:
+ # Create a fresh target row, then copy L channel
+ # into first three target channels, and A channel
+ # into fourth channel.
+ a = newarray()
+ pngfilters.convert_la_to_rgba(row, a)
+ yield a
+ elif meta['greyscale']:
+ # L to RGBA
+ def convert():
+ for row in pixels:
+ a = newarray()
+ pngfilters.convert_l_to_rgba(row, a)
+ yield a
+ else:
+ assert not meta['alpha'] and not meta['greyscale']
+ # RGB to RGBA
+ def convert():
+ for row in pixels:
+ a = newarray()
+ pngfilters.convert_rgb_to_rgba(row, a)
+ yield a
+ meta['alpha'] = True
+ meta['greyscale'] = False
+ return width,height,convert(),meta
+
+
+# === Legacy Version Support ===
+
+# :pyver:old: PyPNG works on Python versions 2.3 and 2.2, but not
+# without some awkward problems. Really PyPNG works on Python 2.4 (and
+# above); it works on Pythons 2.3 and 2.2 by virtue of fixing up
+# problems here. It's a bit ugly (which is why it's hidden down here).
+#
+# Generally the strategy is one of pretending that we're running on
+# Python 2.4 (or above), and patching up the library support on earlier
+# versions so that it looks enough like Python 2.4. When it comes to
+# Python 2.2 there is one thing we cannot patch: extended slices
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.3/whatsnew/section-slices.html.
+# Instead we simply declare that features that are implemented using
+# extended slices will not work on Python 2.2.
+#
+# In order to work on Python 2.3 we fix up a recurring annoyance involving
+# the array type. In Python 2.3 an array cannot be initialised with an
+# array, and it cannot be extended with a list (or other sequence).
+# Both of those are repeated issues in the code. Whilst I would not
+# normally tolerate this sort of behaviour, here we "shim" a replacement
+# for array into place (and hope no-ones notices). You never read this.
+#
+# In an amusing case of warty hacks on top of warty hacks... the array
+# shimming we try and do only works on Python 2.3 and above (you can't
+# subclass array.array in Python 2.2). So to get it working on Python
+# 2.2 we go for something much simpler and (probably) way slower.
+try:
+ array('B').extend([])
+ array('B', array('B'))
+except:
+ # Expect to get here on Python 2.3
+ try:
+ class _array_shim(array):
+ true_array = array
+ def __new__(cls, typecode, init=None):
+ super_new = super(_array_shim, cls).__new__
+ it = super_new(cls, typecode)
+ if init is None:
+ return it
+ it.extend(init)
+ return it
+ def extend(self, extension):
+ super_extend = super(_array_shim, self).extend
+ if isinstance(extension, self.true_array):
+ return super_extend(extension)
+ if not isinstance(extension, (list, str)):
+ # Convert to list. Allows iterators to work.
+ extension = list(extension)
+ return super_extend(self.true_array(self.typecode, extension))
+ array = _array_shim
+ except:
+ # Expect to get here on Python 2.2
+ def array(typecode, init=()):
+ if type(init) == str:
+ return map(ord, init)
+ return list(init)
+
+# Further hacks to get it limping along on Python 2.2
+try:
+ enumerate
+except:
+ def enumerate(seq):
+ i=0
+ for x in seq:
+ yield i,x
+ i += 1
+
+try:
+ reversed
+except:
+ def reversed(l):
+ l = list(l)
+ l.reverse()
+ for x in l:
+ yield x
+
+try:
+ itertools
+except:
+ class _dummy_itertools:
+ pass
+ itertools = _dummy_itertools()
+ def _itertools_imap(f, seq):
+ for x in seq:
+ yield f(x)
+ itertools.imap = _itertools_imap
+ def _itertools_chain(*iterables):
+ for it in iterables:
+ for element in it:
+ yield element
+ itertools.chain = _itertools_chain
+
+
+# === Support for users without Cython ===
+
+try:
+ pngfilters
+except:
+ class pngfilters(object):
+ def undo_filter_sub(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+ """Undo sub filter."""
+
+ ai = 0
+ # Loops starts at index fu. Observe that the initial part
+ # of the result is already filled in correctly with
+ # scanline.
+ for i in range(filter_unit, len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ a = result[ai]
+ result[i] = (x + a) & 0xff
+ ai += 1
+ undo_filter_sub = staticmethod(undo_filter_sub)
+
+ def undo_filter_up(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+ """Undo up filter."""
+
+ for i in range(len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ b = previous[i]
+ result[i] = (x + b) & 0xff
+ undo_filter_up = staticmethod(undo_filter_up)
+
+ def undo_filter_average(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+ """Undo up filter."""
+
+ ai = -filter_unit
+ for i in range(len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ if ai < 0:
+ a = 0
+ else:
+ a = result[ai]
+ b = previous[i]
+ result[i] = (x + ((a + b) >> 1)) & 0xff
+ ai += 1
+ undo_filter_average = staticmethod(undo_filter_average)
+
+ def undo_filter_paeth(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+ """Undo Paeth filter."""
+
+ # Also used for ci.
+ ai = -filter_unit
+ for i in range(len(result)):
+ x = scanline[i]
+ if ai < 0:
+ a = c = 0
+ else:
+ a = result[ai]
+ c = previous[ai]
+ b = previous[i]
+ p = a + b - c
+ pa = abs(p - a)
+ pb = abs(p - b)
+ pc = abs(p - c)
+ if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
+ pr = a
+ elif pb <= pc:
+ pr = b
+ else:
+ pr = c
+ result[i] = (x + pr) & 0xff
+ ai += 1
+ undo_filter_paeth = staticmethod(undo_filter_paeth)
+
+ def convert_la_to_rgba(row, result):
+ for i in range(3):
+ result[i::4] = row[0::2]
+ result[3::4] = row[1::2]
+ convert_la_to_rgba = staticmethod(convert_la_to_rgba)
+
+ def convert_l_to_rgba(row, result):
+ """Convert a grayscale image to RGBA. This method assumes the alpha
+ channel in result is already correctly initialized."""
+ for i in range(3):
+ result[i::4] = row
+ convert_l_to_rgba = staticmethod(convert_l_to_rgba)
+
+ def convert_rgb_to_rgba(row, result):
+ """Convert an RGB image to RGBA. This method assumes the alpha
+ channel in result is already correctly initialized."""
+ for i in range(3):
+ result[i::4] = row[i::3]
+ convert_rgb_to_rgba = staticmethod(convert_rgb_to_rgba)
+
+
+# === Internal Test Support ===
+
+# This section comprises the tests that are internally validated (as
+# opposed to tests which produce output files that are externally
+# validated). Primarily they are unittests.
+
+# Note that it is difficult to internally validate the results of
+# writing a PNG file. The only thing we can do is read it back in
+# again, which merely checks consistency, not that the PNG file we
+# produce is valid.
+
+# Run the tests from the command line:
+# python -c 'import png;png.test()'
+
+# (For an in-memory binary file IO object) We use BytesIO where
+# available, otherwise we use StringIO, but name it BytesIO.
+try:
+ from io import BytesIO
+except:
+ from StringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
+import tempfile
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-unittest.html
+import unittest
+
+
+def test():
+ unittest.main(__name__)
+
+def topngbytes(name, rows, x, y, **k):
+ """Convenience function for creating a PNG file "in memory" as a
+ string. Creates a :class:`Writer` instance using the keyword arguments,
+ then passes `rows` to its :meth:`Writer.write` method. The resulting
+ PNG file is returned as a string. `name` is used to identify the file for
+ debugging.
+ """
+
+ import os
+
+ print name
+ f = BytesIO()
+ w = Writer(x, y, **k)
+ w.write(f, rows)
+ if os.environ.get('PYPNG_TEST_TMP'):
+ w = open(name, 'wb')
+ w.write(f.getvalue())
+ w.close()
+ return f.getvalue()
+
+def testWithIO(inp, out, f):
+ """Calls the function `f` with ``sys.stdin`` changed to `inp`
+ and ``sys.stdout`` changed to `out`. They are restored when `f`
+ returns. This function returns whatever `f` returns.
+ """
+
+ import os
+
+ try:
+ oldin,sys.stdin = sys.stdin,inp
+ oldout,sys.stdout = sys.stdout,out
+ x = f()
+ finally:
+ sys.stdin = oldin
+ sys.stdout = oldout
+ if os.environ.get('PYPNG_TEST_TMP') and hasattr(out,'getvalue'):
+ name = mycallersname()
+ if name:
+ w = open(name+'.png', 'wb')
+ w.write(out.getvalue())
+ w.close()
+ return x
+
+def mycallersname():
+ """Returns the name of the caller of the caller of this function
+ (hence the name of the caller of the function in which
+ "mycallersname()" textually appears). Returns None if this cannot
+ be determined."""
+
+ # http://docs.python.org/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
+ import inspect
+
+ frame = inspect.currentframe()
+ if not frame:
+ return None
+ frame_,filename_,lineno_,funname,linelist_,listi_ = (
+ inspect.getouterframes(frame)[2])
+ return funname
+
+def seqtobytes(s):
+ """Convert a sequence of integers to a *bytes* instance. Good for
+ plastering over Python 2 / Python 3 cracks.
+ """
+
+ return strtobytes(''.join(chr(x) for x in s))
+
+class Test(unittest.TestCase):
+ # This member is used by the superclass. If we don't define a new
+ # class here then when we use self.assertRaises() and the PyPNG code
+ # raises an assertion then we get no proper traceback. I can't work
+ # out why, but defining a new class here means we get a proper
+ # traceback.
+ class failureException(Exception):
+ pass
+
+ def helperLN(self, n):
+ mask = (1 << n) - 1
+ # Use small chunk_limit so that multiple chunk writing is
+ # tested. Making it a test for Issue 20.
+ w = Writer(15, 17, greyscale=True, bitdepth=n, chunk_limit=99)
+ f = BytesIO()
+ w.write_array(f, array('B', map(mask.__and__, range(1, 256))))
+ r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.read()
+ self.assertEqual(x, 15)
+ self.assertEqual(y, 17)
+ self.assertEqual(list(itertools.chain(*pixels)),
+ map(mask.__and__, range(1,256)))
+ def testL8(self):
+ return self.helperLN(8)
+ def testL4(self):
+ return self.helperLN(4)
+ def testL2(self):
+ "Also tests asRGB8."
+ w = Writer(1, 4, greyscale=True, bitdepth=2)
+ f = BytesIO()
+ w.write_array(f, array('B', range(4)))
+ r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGB8()
+ self.assertEqual(x, 1)
+ self.assertEqual(y, 4)
+ for i,row in enumerate(pixels):
+ self.assertEqual(len(row), 3)
+ self.assertEqual(list(row), [0x55*i]*3)
+ def testP2(self):
+ "2-bit palette."
+ a = (255,255,255)
+ b = (200,120,120)
+ c = (50,99,50)
+ w = Writer(1, 4, bitdepth=2, palette=[a,b,c])
+ f = BytesIO()
+ w.write_array(f, array('B', (0,1,1,2)))
+ r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGB8()
+ self.assertEqual(x, 1)
+ self.assertEqual(y, 4)
+ self.assertEqual(map(list, pixels), map(list, [a, b, b, c]))
+ def testPtrns(self):
+ "Test colour type 3 and tRNS chunk (and 4-bit palette)."
+ a = (50,99,50,50)
+ b = (200,120,120,80)
+ c = (255,255,255)
+ d = (200,120,120)
+ e = (50,99,50)
+ w = Writer(3, 3, bitdepth=4, palette=[a,b,c,d,e])
+ f = BytesIO()
+ w.write_array(f, array('B', (4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1)))
+ r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA8()
+ self.assertEqual(x, 3)
+ self.assertEqual(y, 3)
+ c = c+(255,)
+ d = d+(255,)
+ e = e+(255,)
+ boxed = [(e,d,c),(d,c,a),(c,a,b)]
+ flat = map(lambda row: itertools.chain(*row), boxed)
+ self.assertEqual(map(list, pixels), map(list, flat))
+ def testRGBtoRGBA(self):
+ "asRGBA8() on colour type 2 source."""
+ # Test for Issue 26
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn2c08'])
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA8()
+ # Test the pixels at row 9 columns 0 and 1.
+ row9 = list(pixels)[9]
+ self.assertEqual(list(row9[0:8]),
+ [0xff, 0xdf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xde, 0xff, 0xff])
+ def testLtoRGBA(self):
+ "asRGBA() on grey source."""
+ # Test for Issue 60
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basi0g08'])
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA()
+ row9 = list(list(pixels)[9])
+ self.assertEqual(row9[0:8],
+ [222, 222, 222, 255, 221, 221, 221, 255])
+ def testCtrns(self):
+ "Test colour type 2 and tRNS chunk."
+ # Test for Issue 25
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['tbrn2c08'])
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA8()
+ # I just happen to know that the first pixel is transparent.
+ # In particular it should be #7f7f7f00
+ row0 = list(pixels)[0]
+ self.assertEqual(tuple(row0[0:4]), (0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x00))
+ def testAdam7read(self):
+ """Adam7 interlace reading.
+ Specifically, test that for images in the PngSuite that
+ have both an interlaced and straightlaced pair that both
+ images from the pair produce the same array of pixels."""
+ for candidate in _pngsuite:
+ if not candidate.startswith('basn'):
+ continue
+ candi = candidate.replace('n', 'i')
+ if candi not in _pngsuite:
+ continue
+ print 'adam7 read', candidate
+ straight = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite[candidate])
+ adam7 = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite[candi])
+ # Just compare the pixels. Ignore x,y (because they're
+ # likely to be correct?); metadata is ignored because the
+ # "interlace" member differs. Lame.
+ straight = straight.read()[2]
+ adam7 = adam7.read()[2]
+ self.assertEqual(map(list, straight), map(list, adam7))
+ def testAdam7write(self):
+ """Adam7 interlace writing.
+ For each test image in the PngSuite, write an interlaced
+ and a straightlaced version. Decode both, and compare results.
+ """
+ # Not such a great test, because the only way we can check what
+ # we have written is to read it back again.
+
+ for name,bytes in _pngsuite.items():
+ # Only certain colour types supported for this test.
+ if name[3:5] not in ['n0', 'n2', 'n4', 'n6']:
+ continue
+ it = Reader(bytes=bytes)
+ x,y,pixels,meta = it.read()
+ pngi = topngbytes('adam7wn'+name+'.png', pixels,
+ x=x, y=y, bitdepth=it.bitdepth,
+ greyscale=it.greyscale, alpha=it.alpha,
+ transparent=it.transparent,
+ interlace=False)
+ x,y,ps,meta = Reader(bytes=pngi).read()
+ it = Reader(bytes=bytes)
+ x,y,pixels,meta = it.read()
+ pngs = topngbytes('adam7wi'+name+'.png', pixels,
+ x=x, y=y, bitdepth=it.bitdepth,
+ greyscale=it.greyscale, alpha=it.alpha,
+ transparent=it.transparent,
+ interlace=True)
+ x,y,pi,meta = Reader(bytes=pngs).read()
+ self.assertEqual(map(list, ps), map(list, pi))
+ def testPGMin(self):
+ """Test that the command line tool can read PGM files."""
+ def do():
+ return _main(['testPGMin'])
+ s = BytesIO()
+ s.write(strtobytes('P5 2 2 3\n'))
+ s.write(strtobytes('\x00\x01\x02\x03'))
+ s.flush()
+ s.seek(0)
+ o = BytesIO()
+ testWithIO(s, o, do)
+ r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.read()
+ self.assertTrue(r.greyscale)
+ self.assertEqual(r.bitdepth, 2)
+ def testPAMin(self):
+ """Test that the command line tool can read PAM file."""
+ def do():
+ return _main(['testPAMin'])
+ s = BytesIO()
+ s.write(strtobytes('P7\nWIDTH 3\nHEIGHT 1\nDEPTH 4\nMAXVAL 255\n'
+ 'TUPLTYPE RGB_ALPHA\nENDHDR\n'))
+ # The pixels in flat row flat pixel format
+ flat = [255,0,0,255, 0,255,0,120, 0,0,255,30]
+ asbytes = seqtobytes(flat)
+ s.write(asbytes)
+ s.flush()
+ s.seek(0)
+ o = BytesIO()
+ testWithIO(s, o, do)
+ r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.read()
+ self.assertTrue(r.alpha)
+ self.assertTrue(not r.greyscale)
+ self.assertEqual(list(itertools.chain(*pixels)), flat)
+ def testLA4(self):
+ """Create an LA image with bitdepth 4."""
+ bytes = topngbytes('la4.png', [[5, 12]], 1, 1,
+ greyscale=True, alpha=True, bitdepth=4)
+ sbit = Reader(bytes=bytes).chunk('sBIT')[1]
+ self.assertEqual(sbit, strtobytes('\x04\x04'))
+ def testPal(self):
+ """Test that a palette PNG returns the palette in info."""
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn3p04'])
+ x,y,pixels,info = r.read()
+ self.assertEqual(x, 32)
+ self.assertEqual(y, 32)
+ self.assertTrue('palette' in info)
+ def testPalWrite(self):
+ """Test metadata for paletted PNG can be passed from one PNG
+ to another."""
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn3p04'])
+ x,y,pixels,info = r.read()
+ w = Writer(**info)
+ o = BytesIO()
+ w.write(o, pixels)
+ o.flush()
+ o.seek(0)
+ r = Reader(file=o)
+ _,_,_,again_info = r.read()
+ # Same palette
+ self.assertEqual(again_info['palette'], info['palette'])
+ def testPalExpand(self):
+ """Test that bitdepth can be used to fiddle with pallete image."""
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn3p04'])
+ x,y,pixels,info = r.read()
+ pixels = [list(row) for row in pixels]
+ info['bitdepth'] = 8
+ w = Writer(**info)
+ o = BytesIO()
+ w.write(o, pixels)
+ o.flush()
+ o.seek(0)
+ r = Reader(file=o)
+ _,_,again_pixels,again_info = r.read()
+ # Same pixels
+ again_pixels = [list(row) for row in again_pixels]
+ self.assertEqual(again_pixels, pixels)
+
+ def testPNMsbit(self):
+ """Test that PNM files can generates sBIT chunk."""
+ def do():
+ return _main(['testPNMsbit'])
+ s = BytesIO()
+ s.write(strtobytes('P6 8 1 1\n'))
+ for pixel in range(8):
+ s.write(struct.pack('<I', (0x4081*pixel)&0x10101)[:3])
+ s.flush()
+ s.seek(0)
+ o = BytesIO()
+ testWithIO(s, o, do)
+ r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+ sbit = r.chunk('sBIT')[1]
+ self.assertEqual(sbit, strtobytes('\x01\x01\x01'))
+ def testLtrns0(self):
+ """Create greyscale image with tRNS chunk."""
+ return self.helperLtrns(0)
+ def testLtrns1(self):
+ """Using 1-tuple for transparent arg."""
+ return self.helperLtrns((0,))
+ def helperLtrns(self, transparent):
+ """Helper used by :meth:`testLtrns*`."""
+ pixels = zip([0x00, 0x38, 0x4c, 0x54, 0x5c, 0x40, 0x38, 0x00])
+ o = BytesIO()
+ w = Writer(8, 8, greyscale=True, bitdepth=1, transparent=transparent)
+ w.write_packed(o, pixels)
+ r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,meta = r.asDirect()
+ self.assertTrue(meta['alpha'])
+ self.assertTrue(meta['greyscale'])
+ self.assertEqual(meta['bitdepth'], 1)
+ def testWinfo(self):
+ """Test the dictionary returned by a `read` method can be used
+ as args for :meth:`Writer`.
+ """
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn2c16'])
+ info = r.read()[3]
+ w = Writer(**info)
+ def testPackedIter(self):
+ """Test iterator for row when using write_packed.
+
+ Indicative for Issue 47.
+ """
+ w = Writer(16, 2, greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=1)
+ o = BytesIO()
+ w.write_packed(o, [itertools.chain([0x0a], [0xaa]),
+ itertools.chain([0x0f], [0xff])])
+ r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+ x,y,pixels,info = r.asDirect()
+ pixels = list(pixels)
+ self.assertEqual(len(pixels), 2)
+ self.assertEqual(len(pixels[0]), 16)
+ def testInterlacedArray(self):
+ """Test that reading an interlaced PNG yields each row as an
+ array."""
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basi0g08'])
+ list(r.read()[2])[0].tostring
+ def testTrnsArray(self):
+ """Test that reading a type 2 PNG with tRNS chunk yields each
+ row as an array (using asDirect)."""
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['tbrn2c08'])
+ list(r.asDirect()[2])[0].tostring
+
+ # Invalid file format tests. These construct various badly
+ # formatted PNG files, then feed them into a Reader. When
+ # everything is working properly, we should get FormatError
+ # exceptions raised.
+ def testEmpty(self):
+ """Test empty file."""
+
+ r = Reader(bytes='')
+ self.assertRaises(FormatError, r.asDirect)
+ def testSigOnly(self):
+ """Test file containing just signature bytes."""
+
+ r = Reader(bytes=_signature)
+ self.assertRaises(FormatError, r.asDirect)
+ def testExtraPixels(self):
+ """Test file that contains too many pixels."""
+
+ def eachchunk(chunk):
+ if chunk[0] != 'IDAT':
+ return chunk
+ data = zlib.decompress(chunk[1])
+ data += strtobytes('\x00garbage')
+ data = zlib.compress(data)
+ chunk = (chunk[0], data)
+ return chunk
+ self.assertRaises(FormatError, self.helperFormat, eachchunk)
+ def testNotEnoughPixels(self):
+ def eachchunk(chunk):
+ if chunk[0] != 'IDAT':
+ return chunk
+ # Remove last byte.
+ data = zlib.decompress(chunk[1])
+ data = data[:-1]
+ data = zlib.compress(data)
+ return (chunk[0], data)
+ self.assertRaises(FormatError, self.helperFormat, eachchunk)
+ def helperFormat(self, f):
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn0g01'])
+ o = BytesIO()
+ def newchunks():
+ for chunk in r.chunks():
+ yield f(chunk)
+ write_chunks(o, newchunks())
+ r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+ return list(r.asDirect()[2])
+ def testBadFilter(self):
+ def eachchunk(chunk):
+ if chunk[0] != 'IDAT':
+ return chunk
+ data = zlib.decompress(chunk[1])
+ # Corrupt the first filter byte
+ data = strtobytes('\x99') + data[1:]
+ data = zlib.compress(data)
+ return (chunk[0], data)
+ self.assertRaises(FormatError, self.helperFormat, eachchunk)
+
+ def testFlat(self):
+ """Test read_flat."""
+ import hashlib
+
+ r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn0g02'])
+ x,y,pixel,meta = r.read_flat()
+ d = hashlib.md5(seqtobytes(pixel)).digest()
+ self.assertEqual(_enhex(d), '255cd971ab8cd9e7275ff906e5041aa0')
+ def testfromarray(self):
+ img = from_array([[0, 0x33, 0x66], [0xff, 0xcc, 0x99]], 'L')
+ img.save('testfromarray.png')
+ def testfromarrayL16(self):
+ img = from_array(group(range(2**16), 256), 'L;16')
+ img.save('testL16.png')
+ def testfromarrayRGB(self):
+ img = from_array([[0,0,0, 0,0,1, 0,1,0, 0,1,1],
+ [1,0,0, 1,0,1, 1,1,0, 1,1,1]], 'RGB;1')
+ o = BytesIO()
+ img.save(o)
+ def testfromarrayIter(self):
+ import itertools
+
+ i = itertools.islice(itertools.count(10), 20)
+ i = itertools.imap(lambda x: [x, x, x], i)
+ img = from_array(i, 'RGB;5', dict(height=20))
+ f = open('testiter.png', 'wb')
+ img.save(f)
+ f.close()
+
+ # numpy dependent tests. These are skipped (with a message to
+ # sys.stderr) if numpy cannot be imported.
+ def testNumpyuint16(self):
+ """numpy uint16."""
+
+ try:
+ import numpy
+ except ImportError:
+ print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+ return
+
+ rows = [map(numpy.uint16, range(0,0x10000,0x5555))]
+ b = topngbytes('numpyuint16.png', rows, 4, 1,
+ greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=16)
+ def testNumpyuint8(self):
+ """numpy uint8."""
+
+ try:
+ import numpy
+ except ImportError:
+ print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+ return
+
+ rows = [map(numpy.uint8, range(0,0x100,0x55))]
+ b = topngbytes('numpyuint8.png', rows, 4, 1,
+ greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=8)
+ def testNumpybool(self):
+ """numpy bool."""
+
+ try:
+ import numpy
+ except ImportError:
+ print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+ return
+
+ rows = [map(numpy.bool, [0,1])]
+ b = topngbytes('numpybool.png', rows, 2, 1,
+ greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=1)
+ def testNumpyarray(self):
+ """numpy array."""
+ try:
+ import numpy
+ except ImportError:
+ print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+ return
+
+ pixels = numpy.array([[0,0x5555],[0x5555,0xaaaa]], numpy.uint16)
+ img = from_array(pixels, 'L')
+ img.save('testnumpyL16.png')
+
+ def paeth(self, x, a, b, c):
+ p = a + b - c
+ pa = abs(p - a)
+ pb = abs(p - b)
+ pc = abs(p - c)
+ if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
+ pr = a
+ elif pb <= pc:
+ pr = b
+ else:
+ pr = c
+ return x - pr
+
+ # test filters and unfilters
+ def testFilterScanlineFirstLine(self):
+ fo = 3 # bytes per pixel
+ line = [30, 31, 32, 230, 231, 232]
+ out = filter_scanline(0, line, fo, None) # none
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [0, 30, 31, 32, 230, 231, 232])
+ out = filter_scanline(1, line, fo, None) # sub
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [1, 30, 31, 32, 200, 200, 200])
+ out = filter_scanline(2, line, fo, None) # up
+ # TODO: All filtered scanlines start with a byte indicating the filter
+ # algorithm, except "up". Is this a bug? Should the expected output
+ # start with 2 here?
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [30, 31, 32, 230, 231, 232])
+ out = filter_scanline(3, line, fo, None) # average
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [3, 30, 31, 32, 215, 216, 216])
+ out = filter_scanline(4, line, fo, None) # paeth
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [
+ 4, self.paeth(30, 0, 0, 0), self.paeth(31, 0, 0, 0),
+ self.paeth(32, 0, 0, 0), self.paeth(230, 30, 0, 0),
+ self.paeth(231, 31, 0, 0), self.paeth(232, 32, 0, 0)
+ ])
+ def testFilterScanline(self):
+ prev = [20, 21, 22, 210, 211, 212]
+ line = [30, 32, 34, 230, 233, 236]
+ fo = 3
+ out = filter_scanline(0, line, fo, prev) # none
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [0, 30, 32, 34, 230, 233, 236])
+ out = filter_scanline(1, line, fo, prev) # sub
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [1, 30, 32, 34, 200, 201, 202])
+ out = filter_scanline(2, line, fo, prev) # up
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [2, 10, 11, 12, 20, 22, 24])
+ out = filter_scanline(3, line, fo, prev) # average
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [3, 20, 22, 23, 110, 112, 113])
+ out = filter_scanline(4, line, fo, prev) # paeth
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [
+ 4, self.paeth(30, 0, 20, 0), self.paeth(32, 0, 21, 0),
+ self.paeth(34, 0, 22, 0), self.paeth(230, 30, 210, 20),
+ self.paeth(233, 32, 211, 21), self.paeth(236, 34, 212, 22)
+ ])
+ def testUnfilterScanline(self):
+ reader = Reader(bytes='')
+ reader.psize = 3
+ scanprev = array('B', [20, 21, 22, 210, 211, 212])
+ scanline = array('B', [30, 32, 34, 230, 233, 236])
+ def cp(a):
+ return array('B', a)
+
+ out = reader.undo_filter(0, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), list(scanline)) # none
+ out = reader.undo_filter(1, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [30, 32, 34, 4, 9, 14]) # sub
+ out = reader.undo_filter(2, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [50, 53, 56, 184, 188, 192]) # up
+ out = reader.undo_filter(3, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [40, 42, 45, 99, 103, 108]) # average
+ out = reader.undo_filter(4, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [50, 53, 56, 184, 188, 192]) # paeth
+ def testUnfilterScanlinePaeth(self):
+ # This tests more edge cases in the paeth unfilter
+ reader = Reader(bytes='')
+ reader.psize = 3
+ scanprev = array('B', [2, 0, 0, 0, 9, 11])
+ scanline = array('B', [6, 10, 9, 100, 101, 102])
+
+ out = reader.undo_filter(4, scanline, scanprev)
+ self.assertEqual(list(out), [8, 10, 9, 108, 111, 113]) # paeth
+ def testIterstraight(self):
+ def arraify(list_of_str):
+ return [array('B', s) for s in list_of_str]
+ reader = Reader(bytes='')
+ reader.row_bytes = 6
+ reader.psize = 3
+ rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abcdef', '\x00ghijkl']))
+ self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+ rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abc', 'def\x00ghijkl']))
+ self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+ rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abcdef\x00ghijkl']))
+ self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+ rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abcdef\x00ghi', 'jkl']))
+ self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+# === Command Line Support ===
+
+def _dehex(s):
+ """Liberally convert from hex string to binary string."""
+ import re
+ import binascii
+
+ # Remove all non-hexadecimal digits
+ s = re.sub(r'[^a-fA-F\d]', '', s)
+ # binscii.unhexlify works in Python 2 and Python 3 (unlike
+ # thing.decode('hex')).
+ return binascii.unhexlify(strtobytes(s))
+def _enhex(s):
+ """Convert from binary string (bytes) to hex string (str)."""
+
+ import binascii
+
+ return bytestostr(binascii.hexlify(s))
+
+# Copies of PngSuite test files taken
+# from http://www.schaik.com/pngsuite/pngsuite_bas_png.html
+# on 2009-02-19 by drj and converted to hex.
+# Some of these are not actually in PngSuite (but maybe they should
+# be?), they use the same naming scheme, but start with a capital
+# letter.
+_pngsuite = {
+ 'basi0g01': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d49484452000000200000002001000000012c0677
+cf0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f0000009049444154789c2d8d310ec2
+300c45dfc682c415187a00a42e197ab81e83b127e00c5639001363a580d8582c
+65c910357c4b78b0bfbfdf4f70168c19e7acb970a3f2d1ded9695ce5bf5963df
+d92aaf4c9fd927ea449e6487df5b9c36e799b91bdf082b4d4bd4014fe4014b01
+ab7a17aee694d28d328a2d63837a70451e1648702d9a9ff4a11d2f7a51aa21e5
+a18c7ffd0094e3511d661822f20000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basi0g02': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d49484452000000200000002002000000016ba60d
+1f0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f0000005149444154789c635062e860
+00e17286bb609c93c370ec189494960631366e4467b3ae675dcf10f521ea0303
+90c1ca006444e11643482064114a4852c710baea3f18c31918020c30410403a6
+0ac1a09239009c52804d85b6d97d0000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basi0g04': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000020000000200400000001e4e6f8
+bf0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f000000ae49444154789c658e5111c2
+301044171c141c141c041c843a287510ea20d441c041c141c141c04191102454
+03994998cecd7edcecedbb9bdbc3b2c2b6457545fbc4bac1be437347f7c66a77
+3c23d60db15e88f5c5627338a5416c2e691a9b475a89cd27eda12895ae8dfdab
+43d61e590764f5c83a226b40d669bec307f93247701687723abf31ff83a2284b
+a5b4ae6b63ac6520ad730ca4ed7b06d20e030369bd6720ed383290360406d24e
+13811f2781eba9d34d07160000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basi0g08': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000020000000200800000001211615
+be0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f000000b549444154789cb5905d0ac2
+3010849dbac81c42c47bf843cf253e8878b0aa17110f214bdca6be240f5d21a5
+94ced3e49bcd322c1624115515154998aa424822a82a5624a1aa8a8b24c58f99
+999908130989a04a00d76c2c09e76cf21adcb209393a6553577da17140a2c59e
+70ecbfa388dff1f03b82fb82bd07f05f7cb13f80bb07ad2fd60c011c3c588eef
+f1f4e03bbec7ce832dca927aea005e431b625796345307b019c845e6bfc3bb98
+769d84f9efb02ea6c00f9bb9ff45e81f9f280000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basi0g16': _dehex("""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+"""),
+ 'basi2c08': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d49484452000000200000002008020000018b1fdd
+350000000467414d41000186a031e8965f000000f249444154789cd59341aa04
+210c44abc07b78133d59d37333bd89d76868b566d10cf4675af8596431a11662
+7c5688919280e312257dd6a0a4cf1a01008ee312a5f3c69c37e6fcc3f47e6776
+a07f8bdaf5b40feed2d33e025e2ff4fe2d4a63e1a16d91180b736d8bc45854c5
+6d951863f4a7e0b66dcf09a900f3ffa2948d4091e53ca86c048a64390f662b50
+4a999660ced906182b9a01a8be00a56404a6ede182b1223b4025e32c4de34304
+63457680c93aada6c99b73865aab2fc094920d901a203f5ddfe1970d28456783
+26cffbafeffcd30654f46d119be4793f827387fc0d189d5bc4d69a3c23d45a7f
+db803146578337df4d0a3121fc3d330000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basi2c16': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000020000000201002000001db8f01
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+14deb3df1344f70000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basi3p08': _dehex("""
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+02f80f73fefe1072afc1e50000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basi6a08': _dehex("""
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+200314cf801faab200ea752803a8d7a90c503a039f824a53f4694e7342000000
+0049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basn0g01': _dehex("""
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+ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basn0g02': _dehex("""
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+1f8cf1308850c20053868f0133091f6390b90700bd497f818b0989a900000000
+49454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ # A version of basn0g04 dithered down to 3 bits.
+ 'Basn0g03': _dehex("""
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+426082
+"""),
+ 'basn0g04': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'basn0g08': _dehex("""
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+000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+ 'basn0g16': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'basn2c08': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'basn2c16': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'basn3p04': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'basn6a08': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'cs3n3p08': _dehex("""
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+426082
+"""),
+ 's09n3p02': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'tbgn3p08': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+ 'Tp2n3p08': _dehex("""
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+}
+
+def read_pam_header(infile):
+ """
+ Read (the rest of a) PAM header. `infile` should be positioned
+ immediately after the initial 'P7' line (at the beginning of the
+ second line). Returns are as for `read_pnm_header`.
+ """
+
+ # Unlike PBM, PGM, and PPM, we can read the header a line at a time.
+ header = dict()
+ while True:
+ l = infile.readline().strip()
+ if l == strtobytes('ENDHDR'):
+ break
+ if not l:
+ raise EOFError('PAM ended prematurely')
+ if l[0] == strtobytes('#'):
+ continue
+ l = l.split(None, 1)
+ if l[0] not in header:
+ header[l[0]] = l[1]
+ else:
+ header[l[0]] += strtobytes(' ') + l[1]
+
+ required = ['WIDTH', 'HEIGHT', 'DEPTH', 'MAXVAL']
+ required = [strtobytes(x) for x in required]
+ WIDTH,HEIGHT,DEPTH,MAXVAL = required
+ present = [x for x in required if x in header]
+ if len(present) != len(required):
+ raise Error('PAM file must specify WIDTH, HEIGHT, DEPTH, and MAXVAL')
+ width = int(header[WIDTH])
+ height = int(header[HEIGHT])
+ depth = int(header[DEPTH])
+ maxval = int(header[MAXVAL])
+ if (width <= 0 or
+ height <= 0 or
+ depth <= 0 or
+ maxval <= 0):
+ raise Error(
+ 'WIDTH, HEIGHT, DEPTH, MAXVAL must all be positive integers')
+ return 'P7', width, height, depth, maxval
+
+def read_pnm_header(infile, supported=('P5','P6')):
+ """
+ Read a PNM header, returning (format,width,height,depth,maxval).
+ `width` and `height` are in pixels. `depth` is the number of
+ channels in the image; for PBM and PGM it is synthesized as 1, for
+ PPM as 3; for PAM images it is read from the header. `maxval` is
+ synthesized (as 1) for PBM images.
+ """
+
+ # Generally, see http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppm.html
+ # and http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pam.html
+
+ supported = [strtobytes(x) for x in supported]
+
+ # Technically 'P7' must be followed by a newline, so by using
+ # rstrip() we are being liberal in what we accept. I think this
+ # is acceptable.
+ type = infile.read(3).rstrip()
+ if type not in supported:
+ raise NotImplementedError('file format %s not supported' % type)
+ if type == strtobytes('P7'):
+ # PAM header parsing is completely different.
+ return read_pam_header(infile)
+ # Expected number of tokens in header (3 for P4, 4 for P6)
+ expected = 4
+ pbm = ('P1', 'P4')
+ if type in pbm:
+ expected = 3
+ header = [type]
+
+ # We have to read the rest of the header byte by byte because the
+ # final whitespace character (immediately following the MAXVAL in
+ # the case of P6) may not be a newline. Of course all PNM files in
+ # the wild use a newline at this point, so it's tempting to use
+ # readline; but it would be wrong.
+ def getc():
+ c = infile.read(1)
+ if not c:
+ raise Error('premature EOF reading PNM header')
+ return c
+
+ c = getc()
+ while True:
+ # Skip whitespace that precedes a token.
+ while c.isspace():
+ c = getc()
+ # Skip comments.
+ while c == '#':
+ while c not in '\n\r':
+ c = getc()
+ if not c.isdigit():
+ raise Error('unexpected character %s found in header' % c)
+ # According to the specification it is legal to have comments
+ # that appear in the middle of a token.
+ # This is bonkers; I've never seen it; and it's a bit awkward to
+ # code good lexers in Python (no goto). So we break on such
+ # cases.
+ token = strtobytes('')
+ while c.isdigit():
+ token += c
+ c = getc()
+ # Slight hack. All "tokens" are decimal integers, so convert
+ # them here.
+ header.append(int(token))
+ if len(header) == expected:
+ break
+ # Skip comments (again)
+ while c == '#':
+ while c not in '\n\r':
+ c = getc()
+ if not c.isspace():
+ raise Error('expected header to end with whitespace, not %s' % c)
+
+ if type in pbm:
+ # synthesize a MAXVAL
+ header.append(1)
+ depth = (1,3)[type == strtobytes('P6')]
+ return header[0], header[1], header[2], depth, header[3]
+
+def write_pnm(file, width, height, pixels, meta):
+ """Write a Netpbm PNM/PAM file."""
+
+ bitdepth = meta['bitdepth']
+ maxval = 2**bitdepth - 1
+ # Rudely, the number of image planes can be used to determine
+ # whether we are L (PGM), LA (PAM), RGB (PPM), or RGBA (PAM).
+ planes = meta['planes']
+ # Can be an assert as long as we assume that pixels and meta came
+ # from a PNG file.
+ assert planes in (1,2,3,4)
+ if planes in (1,3):
+ if 1 == planes:
+ # PGM
+ # Could generate PBM if maxval is 1, but we don't (for one
+ # thing, we'd have to convert the data, not just blat it
+ # out).
+ fmt = 'P5'
+ else:
+ # PPM
+ fmt = 'P6'
+ file.write('%s %d %d %d\n' % (fmt, width, height, maxval))
+ if planes in (2,4):
+ # PAM
+ # See http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pam.html
+ if 2 == planes:
+ tupltype = 'GRAYSCALE_ALPHA'
+ else:
+ tupltype = 'RGB_ALPHA'
+ file.write('P7\nWIDTH %d\nHEIGHT %d\nDEPTH %d\nMAXVAL %d\n'
+ 'TUPLTYPE %s\nENDHDR\n' %
+ (width, height, planes, maxval, tupltype))
+ # Values per row
+ vpr = planes * width
+ # struct format
+ fmt = '>%d' % vpr
+ if maxval > 0xff:
+ fmt = fmt + 'H'
+ else:
+ fmt = fmt + 'B'
+ for row in pixels:
+ file.write(struct.pack(fmt, *row))
+ file.flush()
+
+def color_triple(color):
+ """
+ Convert a command line colour value to a RGB triple of integers.
+ FIXME: Somewhere we need support for greyscale backgrounds etc.
+ """
+ if color.startswith('#') and len(color) == 4:
+ return (int(color[1], 16),
+ int(color[2], 16),
+ int(color[3], 16))
+ if color.startswith('#') and len(color) == 7:
+ return (int(color[1:3], 16),
+ int(color[3:5], 16),
+ int(color[5:7], 16))
+ elif color.startswith('#') and len(color) == 13:
+ return (int(color[1:5], 16),
+ int(color[5:9], 16),
+ int(color[9:13], 16))
+
+def _add_common_options(parser):
+ """Call *parser.add_option* for each of the options that are
+ common between this PNG--PNM conversion tool and the gen
+ tool.
+ """
+ parser.add_option("-i", "--interlace",
+ default=False, action="store_true",
+ help="create an interlaced PNG file (Adam7)")
+ parser.add_option("-t", "--transparent",
+ action="store", type="string", metavar="#RRGGBB",
+ help="mark the specified colour as transparent")
+ parser.add_option("-b", "--background",
+ action="store", type="string", metavar="#RRGGBB",
+ help="save the specified background colour")
+ parser.add_option("-g", "--gamma",
+ action="store", type="float", metavar="value",
+ help="save the specified gamma value")
+ parser.add_option("-c", "--compression",
+ action="store", type="int", metavar="level",
+ help="zlib compression level (0-9)")
+ return parser
+
+def _main(argv):
+ """
+ Run the PNG encoder with options from the command line.
+ """
+
+ # Parse command line arguments
+ from optparse import OptionParser
+ import re
+ version = '%prog ' + re.sub(r'( ?\$|URL: |Rev:)', '', __version__)
+ parser = OptionParser(version=version)
+ parser.set_usage("%prog [options] [imagefile]")
+ parser.add_option('-r', '--read-png', default=False,
+ action='store_true',
+ help='Read PNG, write PNM')
+ parser.add_option("-a", "--alpha",
+ action="store", type="string", metavar="pgmfile",
+ help="alpha channel transparency (RGBA)")
+ _add_common_options(parser)
+
+ (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args=argv[1:])
+
+ # Convert options
+ if options.transparent is not None:
+ options.transparent = color_triple(options.transparent)
+ if options.background is not None:
+ options.background = color_triple(options.background)
+
+ # Prepare input and output files
+ if len(args) == 0:
+ infilename = '-'
+ infile = sys.stdin
+ elif len(args) == 1:
+ infilename = args[0]
+ infile = open(infilename, 'rb')
+ else:
+ parser.error("more than one input file")
+ outfile = sys.stdout
+ if sys.platform == "win32":
+ import msvcrt, os
+ msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
+
+ if options.read_png:
+ # Encode PNG to PPM
+ png = Reader(file=infile)
+ width,height,pixels,meta = png.asDirect()
+ write_pnm(outfile, width, height, pixels, meta)
+ else:
+ # Encode PNM to PNG
+ format, width, height, depth, maxval = \
+ read_pnm_header(infile, ('P5','P6','P7'))
+ # When it comes to the variety of input formats, we do something
+ # rather rude. Observe that L, LA, RGB, RGBA are the 4 colour
+ # types supported by PNG and that they correspond to 1, 2, 3, 4
+ # channels respectively. So we use the number of channels in
+ # the source image to determine which one we have. We do not
+ # care about TUPLTYPE.
+ greyscale = depth <= 2
+ pamalpha = depth in (2,4)
+ supported = map(lambda x: 2**x-1, range(1,17))
+ try:
+ mi = supported.index(maxval)
+ except ValueError:
+ raise NotImplementedError(
+ 'your maxval (%s) not in supported list %s' %
+ (maxval, str(supported)))
+ bitdepth = mi+1
+ writer = Writer(width, height,
+ greyscale=greyscale,
+ bitdepth=bitdepth,
+ interlace=options.interlace,
+ transparent=options.transparent,
+ background=options.background,
+ alpha=bool(pamalpha or options.alpha),
+ gamma=options.gamma,
+ compression=options.compression)
+ if options.alpha:
+ pgmfile = open(options.alpha, 'rb')
+ format, awidth, aheight, adepth, amaxval = \
+ read_pnm_header(pgmfile, 'P5')
+ if amaxval != '255':
+ raise NotImplementedError(
+ 'maxval %s not supported for alpha channel' % amaxval)
+ if (awidth, aheight) != (width, height):
+ raise ValueError("alpha channel image size mismatch"
+ " (%s has %sx%s but %s has %sx%s)"
+ % (infilename, width, height,
+ options.alpha, awidth, aheight))
+ writer.convert_ppm_and_pgm(infile, pgmfile, outfile)
+ else:
+ writer.convert_pnm(infile, outfile)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ try:
+ _main(sys.argv)
+ except Error, e:
+ print >>sys.stderr, e
diff --git a/craftui/sim1.tgz b/craftui/sim1.tgz
index e1d1a97..23a1fa6 100644
--- a/craftui/sim1.tgz
+++ b/craftui/sim1.tgz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/sim2.tgz b/craftui/sim2.tgz
index a69b101..f5dd5e9 100644
--- a/craftui/sim2.tgz
+++ b/craftui/sim2.tgz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/www/config.thtml b/craftui/www/config.thtml
index 88ed88f..cda05b9 100644
--- a/craftui/www/config.thtml
+++ b/craftui/www/config.thtml
@@ -266,12 +266,16 @@
<span id=reboot_result>...</span>
</span>
<br>
+ Note: Allow 60 seconds for UI to return after reboot, and 200 seconds for link to come up.
+ <br>
<br>
<input hidden id=factory_reset type=text value="true">
<input type=submit value="Factory Reset" onclick="CraftUI.config('factory_reset')">
<span class="values">
<span id=factory_reset_result>...</span>
</span>
+ <br>
+ Warning: This will restore all defaults, including the craft port address to <a href=http://192.168.1.1/>192.168.1.1</a>.
</div>
</div>
@@ -279,6 +283,7 @@
<input type="radio" id="tab-6" name="tab-group-1">
<label for="tab-6">Debug</label>
<div class="content">
+ <b>Constellation:</b><span class="values"><a href="/rxslicer.png" target=_blank>rxslicer.png</a></li></span><br>
<b>refreshCount:</b><span class="values" id="platform/refreshCount">...</span><br>
<b>unhandled xml:</b><span class="values">
<textarea id=unhandled cols=60 rows=30>...</textarea></span><br>
diff --git a/craftui/www/status.thtml b/craftui/www/status.thtml
index f2a4ee9..09e7d9b 100644
--- a/craftui/www/status.thtml
+++ b/craftui/www/status.thtml
@@ -487,6 +487,7 @@
<input type="radio" id="tab-6" name="tab-group-1">
<label for="tab-6">Debug</label>
<div class="content">
+ <b>Constellation:</b><span class="values"><a href="/rxslicer.png" target=_blank>rxslicer.png</a></li></span><br>
<b>refreshCount:</b><span class="values" id="platform/refreshCount">...</span><br>
<b>unhandled xml:</b><span class="values">
<textarea id=unhandled cols=60 rows=30>...</textarea></span><br>
