| This is m4.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.1 from m4.texi. |
| |
| This manual (22 September 2013) is for GNU M4 (version 1.4.17), a |
| package containing an implementation of the m4 macro language. |
| |
| Copyright (C) 1989-1994, 2004-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this |
| document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, |
| Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software |
| Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and |
| no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the |
| section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." |
| INFO-DIR-SECTION Text creation and manipulation |
| START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
| * M4: (m4). A powerful macro processor. |
| END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
| |
| |
| File: m4.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Indices, Prev: Copying This Package, Up: Top |
| |
| Appendix B How to make copies of this manual |
| ******************************************** |
| |
| This appendix covers the license for copying this manual. Note that |
| some of the longer examples in this manual are also distributed in the |
| directory 'm4-1.4.17/examples/', where a more permissive license is in |
| effect when copying just the examples. |
| |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual |
| |
| |
| File: m4.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual |
| |
| B.1 License for copying this manual |
| =================================== |
| |
| Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 |
| |
| Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| <http://fsf.org/> |
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| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| |
| 0. PREAMBLE |
| |
| The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
| assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
| with or without modifying it, either commercially or |
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| author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not |
| being considered responsible for modifications made by others. |
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| This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
| works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. |
| It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| license designed for free software. |
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| We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for |
| free software, because free software needs free documentation: a |
| free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms |
| that the software does. But this License is not limited to |
| software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless |
| of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We |
| recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is |
| instruction or reference. |
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| 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
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| This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, |
| that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can |
| be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice |
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| "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member |
| of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept |
| the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way |
| requiring permission under copyright law. |
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| A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
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| A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section |
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| The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose |
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| The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are |
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| A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
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| Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
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| Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and |
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| The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the |
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| The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies |
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| A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document |
| whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses |
| following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ |
| stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as |
| "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) |
| To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the |
| Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according |
| to this definition. |
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| The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice |
| which states that this License applies to the Document. These |
| Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in |
| this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
| implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and |
| has no effect on the meaning of this License. |
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| 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
| |
| You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License |
| applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you |
| add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You |
| may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading |
| or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, |
| you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you |
| distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the |
| conditions in section 3. |
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| You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, |
| and you may publicly display copies. |
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| 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
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| If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly |
| have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and |
| the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must |
| enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all |
| these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and |
| Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly |
| and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The |
| front cover must present the full title with all words of the title |
| equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the |
| covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as |
| long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these |
| conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. |
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| If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto |
| adjacent pages. |
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| If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document |
| numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable |
| Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with |
| each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general |
| network-using public has access to download using public-standard |
| network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free |
| of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take |
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| year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or |
| through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. |
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| It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of |
| the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, |
| to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the |
| Document. |
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| 4. MODIFICATIONS |
| |
| You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document |
| under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you |
| release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the |
| Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing |
| distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever |
| possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in |
| the Modified Version: |
| |
| A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title |
| distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous |
| versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the |
| History section of the Document). You may use the same title |
| as a previous version if the original publisher of that |
| version gives permission. |
| |
| B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or |
| entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in |
| the Modified Version, together with at least five of the |
| principal authors of the Document (all of its principal |
| authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you |
| from this requirement. |
| |
| C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| |
| D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| |
| E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| |
| F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license |
| notice giving the public permission to use the Modified |
| Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in |
| the Addendum below. |
| |
| G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant |
| Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's |
| license notice. |
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| H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| |
| I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, |
| and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new |
| authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the |
| Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the |
| Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and |
| publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add |
| an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the |
| previous sentence. |
| |
| J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document |
| for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and |
| likewise the network locations given in the Document for |
| previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the |
| "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work |
| that was published at least four years before the Document |
| itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers |
| to gives permission. |
| |
| K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
| Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section |
| all the substance and tone of each of the contributor |
| acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. |
| |
| L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered |
| in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the |
| equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| |
| M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
| may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| |
| N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled |
| "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant |
| Section. |
| |
| O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
| |
| If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no |
| material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate |
| some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their |
| titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's |
| license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other |
| section titles. |
| |
| You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
| nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text |
| has been approved by an organization as the authoritative |
| definition of a standard. |
| |
| You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, |
| and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of |
| the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage |
| of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document |
| already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added |
| by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on |
| behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old |
| one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added |
| the old one. |
| |
| The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this |
| License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to |
| assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| |
| 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| |
| You may combine the Document with other documents released under |
| this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for |
| modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all |
| of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, |
| unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your |
| combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all |
| their Warranty Disclaimers. |
| |
| The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name |
| but different contents, make the title of each such section unique |
| by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the |
| original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a |
| unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in |
| the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the |
| combined work. |
| |
| In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled |
| "History" in the various original documents, forming one section |
| Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled |
| "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You |
| must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." |
| |
| 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| |
| You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other |
| documents released under this License, and replace the individual |
| copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy |
| that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the |
| rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents |
| in all other respects. |
| |
| You may extract a single document from such a collection, and |
| distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert |
| a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this |
| License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that |
| document. |
| |
| 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| |
| A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other |
| separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a |
| storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the |
| copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the |
| legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual |
| works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this |
| License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which |
| are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
| |
| If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half |
| of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed |
| on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
| electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic |
| form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket |
| the whole aggregate. |
| |
| 8. TRANSLATION |
| |
| Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section |
| 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
| Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also |
| include the original English version of this License and the |
| original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a |
| disagreement between the translation and the original version of |
| this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will |
| prevail. |
| |
| If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
| "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to |
| Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the |
| actual title. |
| |
| 9. TERMINATION |
| |
| You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
| except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
| otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, |
| and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
| |
| However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your |
| license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) |
| provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and |
| finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the |
| copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some |
| reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. |
| |
| Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
| reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
| violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
| received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from |
| that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days |
| after your receipt of the notice. |
| |
| Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate |
| the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you |
| under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not |
| permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the |
| same material does not give you any rights to use it. |
| |
| 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| |
| The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of |
| the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. |
| |
| Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version |
| number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered |
| version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you |
| have the option of following the terms and conditions either of |
| that specified version or of any later version that has been |
| published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the |
| Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may |
| choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free |
| Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can |
| decide which future versions of this License can be used, that |
| proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently |
| authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. |
| |
| 11. RELICENSING |
| |
| "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any |
| World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also |
| provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A |
| public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. |
| A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the |
| site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC |
| site. |
| |
| "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 |
| license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit |
| corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, |
| California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license |
| published by that same organization. |
| |
| "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or |
| in part, as part of another Document. |
| |
| An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this |
| License, and if all works that were first published under this |
| License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently |
| incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover |
| texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior |
| to November 1, 2008. |
| |
| The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the |
| site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, |
| 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. |
| |
| ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| ==================================================== |
| |
| To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and license |
| notices just after the title page: |
| |
| Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
| or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover |
| Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU |
| Free Documentation License''. |
| |
| If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover |
| Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: |
| |
| with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with |
| the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts |
| being LIST. |
| |
| If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
| combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
| situation. |
| |
| If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free |
| software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit |
| their use in free software. |
| |
| |
| File: m4.info, Node: Indices, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top |
| |
| Appendix C Indices of concepts and macros |
| ***************************************** |
| |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * Macro index:: Index for all 'm4' macros |
| * Concept index:: Index for many concepts |
| |
| |
| File: m4.info, Node: Macro index, Next: Concept index, Up: Indices |
| |
| C.1 Index for all 'm4' macros |
| ============================= |
| |
| This index covers all 'm4' builtins, as well as several useful composite |
| macros. References are exclusively to the places where a macro is |
| introduced the first time. |
| |
| �[index�] |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * __file__: Location. (line 9) |
| * __gnu__: Platform macros. (line 11) |
| * __line__: Location. (line 10) |
| * __os2__: Platform macros. (line 12) |
| * __program__: Location. (line 11) |
| * __unix__: Platform macros. (line 14) |
| * __windows__: Platform macros. (line 16) |
| * argn: Shift. (line 255) |
| * array: Define. (line 55) |
| * array_set: Define. (line 56) |
| * builtin: Builtin. (line 8) |
| * capitalize: Patsubst. (line 54) |
| * changecom: Changecom. (line 9) |
| * changequote: Changequote. (line 9) |
| * changeword: Changeword. (line 22) |
| * cleardivert: Cleardivert. (line 25) |
| * cond: Shift. (line 51) |
| * copy: Composition. (line 119) |
| * curry: Composition. (line 67) |
| * debugfile: Debug Output. (line 10) |
| * debugmode: Debug Levels. (line 77) |
| * decr: Incr. (line 10) |
| * define: Define. (line 9) |
| * define_blind: Composition. (line 10) |
| * defn: Defn. (line 9) |
| * divert: Divert. (line 8) |
| * divnum: Divnum. (line 8) |
| * dnl: Dnl. (line 8) |
| * downcase: Patsubst. (line 53) |
| * dquote: Shift. (line 193) |
| * dquote_elt: Shift. (line 194) |
| * dumpdef: Dumpdef. (line 9) |
| * errprint: Errprint. (line 8) |
| * esyscmd: Esyscmd. (line 8) |
| * eval: Eval. (line 8) |
| * example: Manual. (line 39) |
| * exch: Arguments. (line 12) |
| * fatal_error: M4exit. (line 24) |
| * foreach: Foreach. (line 8) |
| * foreachq: Foreach. (line 9) |
| * forloop: Forloop. (line 8) |
| * format: Format. (line 8) |
| * ifdef: Ifdef. (line 9) |
| * ifelse: Ifelse. (line 10) |
| * ifelse <1>: Ifelse. (line 11) |
| * ifelse <2>: Ifelse. (line 12) |
| * include: Include. (line 8) |
| * incr: Incr. (line 9) |
| * index: Index macro. (line 8) |
| * indir: Indir. (line 8) |
| * join: Shift. (line 101) |
| * joinall: Shift. (line 102) |
| * len: Len. (line 8) |
| * m4exit: M4exit. (line 9) |
| * m4wrap: M4wrap. (line 13) |
| * maketemp: Mkstemp. (line 11) |
| * mkstemp: Mkstemp. (line 10) |
| * nargs: Pseudo Arguments. (line 12) |
| * os2: Platform macros. (line 13) |
| * patsubst: Patsubst. (line 8) |
| * popdef: Pushdef. (line 11) |
| * pushdef: Pushdef. (line 10) |
| * quote: Shift. (line 192) |
| * regexp: Regexp. (line 8) |
| * rename: Composition. (line 120) |
| * reverse: Shift. (line 31) |
| * shift: Shift. (line 16) |
| * sinclude: Include. (line 9) |
| * stack_foreach: Stacks. (line 11) |
| * stack_foreach_lifo: Stacks. (line 12) |
| * stack_foreach_sep: Improved copy. (line 15) |
| * stack_foreach_sep_lifo: Improved copy. (line 16) |
| * substr: Substr. (line 8) |
| * syscmd: Syscmd. (line 8) |
| * sysval: Sysval. (line 8) |
| * traceoff: Trace. (line 10) |
| * traceon: Trace. (line 9) |
| * translit: Translit. (line 8) |
| * undefine: Undefine. (line 8) |
| * undivert: Undivert. (line 8) |
| * unix: Platform macros. (line 15) |
| * upcase: Patsubst. (line 52) |
| * windows: Platform macros. (line 17) |
| |
| |
| File: m4.info, Node: Concept index, Prev: Macro index, Up: Indices |
| |
| C.2 Index for many concepts |
| =========================== |
| |
| �[index�] |
| * Menu: |
| |
| * argument currying: Composition. (line 63) |
| * arguments to macros: Macro Arguments. (line 6) |
| * arguments to macros <1>: Arguments. (line 6) |
| * arguments to macros, special: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6) |
| * arguments, joining: Shift. (line 98) |
| * arguments, more than nine: Arguments. (line 54) |
| * arguments, more than nine <1>: Shift. (line 250) |
| * arguments, more than nine <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156) |
| * arguments, quoted macro: Quoting Arguments. (line 6) |
| * arguments, reversing: Shift. (line 31) |
| * arithmetic: Arithmetic. (line 6) |
| * arrays: Define. (line 52) |
| * avoiding quadratic behavior: Improved foreach. (line 38) |
| * basic regular expressions: Regexp. (line 6) |
| * basic regular expressions <1>: Patsubst. (line 6) |
| * blind macro: Inhibiting Invocation. |
| (line 13) |
| * blind macro <1>: Ifelse. (line 52) |
| * blind macro <2>: Composition. (line 10) |
| * bug reports: Bugs. (line 6) |
| * builtins, indirect call of: Builtin. (line 6) |
| * builtins, special tokens: Defn. (line 101) |
| * call of builtins, indirect: Builtin. (line 6) |
| * call of macros, indirect: Indir. (line 6) |
| * case statement: Ifelse. (line 69) |
| * changing comment delimiters: Changecom. (line 6) |
| * changing quote delimiters: Changequote. (line 6) |
| * changing syntax: Changeword. (line 6) |
| * characters, translating: Translit. (line 6) |
| * command line: Invoking m4. (line 6) |
| * command line, file names on the: Command line files. (line 6) |
| * command line, macro definitions on the: Preprocessor features. |
| (line 6) |
| * command line, options: Invoking m4. (line 10) |
| * commands, exit status from shell: Sysval. (line 6) |
| * commands, running shell: Shell commands. (line 6) |
| * comment delimiters, changing: Changecom. (line 6) |
| * comments: Comments. (line 6) |
| * comments, copied to output: Changecom. (line 29) |
| * comparing strings: Ifelse. (line 6) |
| * compatibility: Compatibility. (line 6) |
| * composing macros: Composition. (line 6) |
| * concatenating arguments: Shift. (line 98) |
| * conditional, short-circuiting: Shift. (line 51) |
| * conditionals: Ifdef. (line 6) |
| * controlling debugging output: Debug Levels. (line 6) |
| * copying macros: Composition. (line 116) |
| * counting loops: Forloop. (line 6) |
| * currying arguments: Composition. (line 63) |
| * debugging macros: Debugging. (line 6) |
| * debugging output, controlling: Debug Levels. (line 6) |
| * debugging output, saving: Debug Output. (line 6) |
| * decrement operator: Incr. (line 6) |
| * deferring expansion: M4wrap. (line 6) |
| * deferring output: Diversions. (line 6) |
| * defining new macros: Definitions. (line 6) |
| * definition stack: Pushdef. (line 6) |
| * definition stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6) |
| * definitions, displaying macro: Defn. (line 6) |
| * definitions, displaying macro <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6) |
| * deleting macros: Undefine. (line 6) |
| * deleting whitespace in input: Dnl. (line 6) |
| * delimiters, changing: Changequote. (line 6) |
| * delimiters, changing <1>: Changecom. (line 6) |
| * discarding diverted text: Cleardivert. (line 6) |
| * discarding input: Ifelse. (line 6) |
| * discarding input <1>: Dnl. (line 6) |
| * discarding input <2>: Divert. (line 42) |
| * displaying macro definitions: Dumpdef. (line 6) |
| * diversion numbers: Divnum. (line 6) |
| * diverted text, discarding: Cleardivert. (line 6) |
| * diverting output to files: Divert. (line 6) |
| * dumping into frozen file: Using frozen files. (line 6) |
| * error messages, printing: Errprint. (line 6) |
| * errors, fatal: Operation modes. (line 19) |
| * evaluation, of integer expressions: Eval. (line 6) |
| * examples, understanding: Manual. (line 6) |
| * executing shell commands: Shell commands. (line 6) |
| * exit status from shell commands: Sysval. (line 6) |
| * exiting from 'm4': M4exit. (line 6) |
| * expansion of macros: Macro expansion. (line 6) |
| * expansion, deferring: M4wrap. (line 6) |
| * expansion, tracing macro: Trace. (line 6) |
| * expressions, evaluation of integer: Eval. (line 6) |
| * expressions, regular: Regexp. (line 6) |
| * expressions, regular <1>: Patsubst. (line 6) |
| * extracting substrings: Substr. (line 6) |
| * fast loading of frozen files: Using frozen files. (line 6) |
| * fatal errors: Operation modes. (line 19) |
| * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. |
| (line 6) |
| * file format, frozen file: Frozen file format. (line 6) |
| * file inclusion: File Inclusion. (line 6) |
| * file inclusion <1>: Undivert. (line 13) |
| * file inclusion <2>: Undivert. (line 89) |
| * file names, on the command line: Command line files. (line 6) |
| * files, diverting output to: Divert. (line 6) |
| * files, names of temporary: Mkstemp. (line 6) |
| * for each loops: Foreach. (line 6) |
| * for loops: Forloop. (line 6) |
| * formatted output: Format. (line 6) |
| * Free Documentation License (FDL), GNU: GNU Free Documentation License. |
| (line 6) |
| * frozen file format: Frozen file format. (line 6) |
| * frozen files for fast loading: Using frozen files. (line 6) |
| * General Public License (GPL), GNU: GNU General Public License. |
| (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions: Inhibiting Invocation. |
| (line 13) |
| * GNU extensions <1>: Define. (line 41) |
| * GNU extensions <2>: Arguments. (line 54) |
| * GNU extensions <3>: Indir. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <4>: Builtin. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <5>: Debug Levels. (line 74) |
| * GNU extensions <6>: Debug Output. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <7>: Search Path. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <8>: Divert. (line 54) |
| * GNU extensions <9>: Undivert. (line 13) |
| * GNU extensions <10>: Undivert. (line 89) |
| * GNU extensions <11>: Regexp. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <12>: Patsubst. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <13>: Format. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <14>: Eval. (line 113) |
| * GNU extensions <15>: Esyscmd. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <16>: Mkstemp. (line 58) |
| * GNU extensions <17>: Using frozen files. (line 6) |
| * GNU extensions <18>: Extensions. (line 6) |
| * GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. |
| (line 6) |
| * GNU General Public License: GNU General Public License. |
| (line 6) |
| * GNU M4, history of: History. (line 6) |
| * GPL, GNU General Public License: GNU General Public License. |
| (line 6) |
| * history of 'm4': History. (line 6) |
| * included files, search path for: Search Path. (line 6) |
| * inclusion, of files: File Inclusion. (line 6) |
| * inclusion, of files <1>: Undivert. (line 13) |
| * inclusion, of files <2>: Undivert. (line 89) |
| * increment operator: Incr. (line 6) |
| * indirect call of builtins: Builtin. (line 6) |
| * indirect call of macros: Indir. (line 6) |
| * initialization, frozen state: Using frozen files. (line 6) |
| * input location: Preprocessor features. |
| (line 28) |
| * input location <1>: Location. (line 6) |
| * input tokens: Syntax. (line 6) |
| * input, discarding: Ifelse. (line 6) |
| * input, discarding <1>: Dnl. (line 6) |
| * input, discarding <2>: Divert. (line 42) |
| * input, saving: M4wrap. (line 6) |
| * integer arithmetic: Arithmetic. (line 6) |
| * integer expression evaluation: Eval. (line 6) |
| * invoking 'm4': Invoking m4. (line 6) |
| * invoking macros: Invocation. (line 6) |
| * iterating over lists: Foreach. (line 6) |
| * joining arguments: Shift. (line 98) |
| * length of strings: Len. (line 6) |
| * lexical structure of words: Changeword. (line 6) |
| * License, code: Copying This Package. |
| (line 6) |
| * License, manual: Copying This Manual. (line 6) |
| * limit, nesting: Limits control. (line 43) |
| * literal output: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106) |
| * local variables: Pushdef. (line 79) |
| * location, input: Preprocessor features. |
| (line 28) |
| * location, input <1>: Location. (line 6) |
| * loops: Shift. (line 10) |
| * loops, counting: Forloop. (line 6) |
| * loops, list iteration: Foreach. (line 6) |
| * 'M4PATH': Search Path. (line 9) |
| * macro composition: Composition. (line 6) |
| * macro definitions, on the command line: Preprocessor features. |
| (line 6) |
| * macro expansion, tracing: Trace. (line 6) |
| * macro invocation: Invocation. (line 6) |
| * macro, blind: Inhibiting Invocation. |
| (line 13) |
| * macro, blind <1>: Ifelse. (line 52) |
| * macro, blind <2>: Composition. (line 10) |
| * macros, arguments to: Macro Arguments. (line 6) |
| * macros, arguments to <1>: Arguments. (line 6) |
| * macros, copying: Composition. (line 116) |
| * macros, debugging: Debugging. (line 6) |
| * macros, displaying definitions: Defn. (line 6) |
| * macros, displaying definitions <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6) |
| * macros, expansion of: Macro expansion. (line 6) |
| * macros, how to define new: Definitions. (line 6) |
| * macros, how to delete: Undefine. (line 6) |
| * macros, how to rename: Defn. (line 6) |
| * macros, indirect call of: Indir. (line 6) |
| * macros, quoted arguments to: Quoting Arguments. (line 6) |
| * macros, recursive: Shift. (line 6) |
| * macros, special arguments to: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6) |
| * macros, temporary redefinition of: Pushdef. (line 6) |
| * manipulating quotes: Shift. (line 189) |
| * messages, printing error: Errprint. (line 6) |
| * more than nine arguments: Arguments. (line 54) |
| * more than nine arguments <1>: Shift. (line 250) |
| * more than nine arguments <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156) |
| * multibranches: Ifelse. (line 69) |
| * names: Names. (line 6) |
| * nesting limit: Limits control. (line 43) |
| * nine arguments, more than: Arguments. (line 54) |
| * nine arguments, more than <1>: Shift. (line 250) |
| * nine arguments, more than <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156) |
| * numbers: Manual. (line 57) |
| * options, command line: Invoking m4. (line 10) |
| * output, diverting to files: Divert. (line 6) |
| * output, formatted: Format. (line 6) |
| * output, literal: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106) |
| * output, saving debugging: Debug Output. (line 6) |
| * overview of 'm4': Intro. (line 6) |
| * pattern substitution: Patsubst. (line 6) |
| * platform macros: Platform macros. (line 6) |
| * positional parameters, more than nine: Arguments. (line 54) |
| * POSIX: Extensions. (line 6) |
| * 'POSIXLY_CORRECT': Invoking m4. (line 10) |
| * 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' <1>: Incompatibilities. (line 144) |
| * preprocessor features: Preprocessor features. |
| (line 6) |
| * printing error messages: Errprint. (line 6) |
| * pushdef stack: Pushdef. (line 6) |
| * pushdef stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6) |
| * quadratic behavior, avoiding: Improved foreach. (line 38) |
| * quote delimiters, changing: Changequote. (line 6) |
| * quote manipulation: Shift. (line 189) |
| * quoted macro arguments: Quoting Arguments. (line 6) |
| * quoted string: Quoted strings. (line 6) |
| * quoting rule of thumb: Quoting Arguments. (line 22) |
| * recursive macros: Shift. (line 6) |
| * redefinition of macros, temporary: Pushdef. (line 6) |
| * regular expressions: Changeword. (line 6) |
| * regular expressions <1>: Regexp. (line 6) |
| * regular expressions <2>: Patsubst. (line 6) |
| * reloading a frozen file: Using frozen files. (line 6) |
| * renaming macros: Defn. (line 6) |
| * renaming macros <1>: Composition. (line 116) |
| * reporting bugs: Bugs. (line 6) |
| * rescanning: Limits control. (line 56) |
| * rescanning <1>: Inhibiting Invocation. |
| (line 86) |
| * rescanning <2>: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106) |
| * rescanning <3>: Defn. (line 61) |
| * rescanning <4>: Other Incompatibilities. |
| (line 52) |
| * reversing arguments: Shift. (line 31) |
| * rule of thumb, quoting: Quoting Arguments. (line 22) |
| * running shell commands: Shell commands. (line 6) |
| * saving debugging output: Debug Output. (line 6) |
| * saving input: M4wrap. (line 6) |
| * search path for included files: Search Path. (line 6) |
| * shell commands, exit status from: Sysval. (line 6) |
| * shell commands, running: Shell commands. (line 6) |
| * short-circuiting conditional: Shift. (line 51) |
| * special arguments to macros: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6) |
| * stack, macro definition: Pushdef. (line 6) |
| * stack, macro definition <1>: Stacks. (line 6) |
| * standard error, output to: Dumpdef. (line 6) |
| * standard error, output to <1>: Trace. (line 6) |
| * standard error, output to <2>: Errprint. (line 6) |
| * status of shell commands: Sysval. (line 6) |
| * status, setting 'm4' exit: M4exit. (line 6) |
| * string, quoted: Quoted strings. (line 6) |
| * strings, length of: Len. (line 6) |
| * substitution by regular expression: Patsubst. (line 6) |
| * substrings, extracting: Substr. (line 6) |
| * substrings, locating: Index macro. (line 6) |
| * suggestions, reporting: Bugs. (line 6) |
| * suppressing warnings: Macro Arguments. (line 38) |
| * switch statement: Ifelse. (line 69) |
| * synchronization lines: Preprocessor features. |
| (line 28) |
| * syntax, changing: Changeword. (line 6) |
| * temporary file names: Mkstemp. (line 6) |
| * temporary redefinition of macros: Pushdef. (line 6) |
| * 'TMPDIR': Diversions. (line 10) |
| * tokens: Syntax. (line 6) |
| * tokens, builtin macro: Defn. (line 101) |
| * tokens, special: Other tokens. (line 6) |
| * tracing macro expansion: Trace. (line 6) |
| * translating characters: Translit. (line 6) |
| * undefining macros: Undefine. (line 6) |
| * UNIX commands, exit status from: Sysval. (line 6) |
| * UNIX commands, running: Shell commands. (line 6) |
| * variables, local: Pushdef. (line 79) |
| * warnings, suppressing: Macro Arguments. (line 38) |
| * words: Names. (line 6) |
| * words, lexical structure of: Changeword. (line 6) |
| |
