| This is texinfo.info, produced by texi2any version 6.1 from |
| texinfo.texi. |
| |
| This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 6.1, 6 February 2016), a |
| documentation system that can produce both online information and a |
| printed manual from a single source using semantic markup. |
| |
| Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, |
| 1999, 2001, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, |
| 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this |
| document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, |
| Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software |
| Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts |
| being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) |
| below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled |
| "GNU Free Documentation License". |
| |
| (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and |
| modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in |
| developing GNU and promoting software freedom." |
| INFO-DIR-SECTION Texinfo documentation system |
| START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
| * Texinfo: (texinfo). The GNU documentation format. |
| * install-info: (texinfo)Invoking install-info. Update info/dir entries. |
| * makeinfo: (texinfo)Invoking makeinfo. Translate Texinfo source. |
| * pod2texi: (pod2texi)Invoking pod2texi. Translate Perl POD to Texinfo. |
| * texi2dvi: (texinfo)Format with texi2dvi. Print Texinfo documents. |
| * texi2pdf: (texinfo)PDF Output. PDF output for Texinfo. |
| * pdftexi2dvi: (texinfo)PDF Output. PDF output for Texinfo. |
| * texindex: (texinfo)Format with tex/texindex. Sort Texinfo index files. |
| END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
| |
| |
| Indirect: |
| texinfo.info-1: 1788 |
| texinfo.info-2: 302047 |
| texinfo.info-3: 602132 |
| |
| Tag Table: |
| (Indirect) |
| Node: Top1788 |
| Node: Copying Conditions28600 |
| Node: Overview30509 |
| Ref: Using Texinfo30661 |
| Node: Reporting Bugs33470 |
| Node: Output Formats35020 |
| Node: Info Files39635 |
| Node: Printed Books41636 |
| Node: Adding Output Formats43664 |
| Node: History46094 |
| Node: Writing a Texinfo File51141 |
| Node: Conventions51704 |
| Ref: Formatting Commands51861 |
| Ref: Conventions-Footnote-155638 |
| Node: Comments56247 |
| Node: Minimum57962 |
| Ref: Minimum-Footnote-159642 |
| Node: Short Sample59848 |
| Node: Beginning and Ending a File63753 |
| Ref: Beginning a File63866 |
| Node: Sample Beginning65030 |
| Node: Texinfo File Header66566 |
| Node: First Line67862 |
| Node: Start of Header68941 |
| Node: @setfilename69919 |
| Ref: setfilename70125 |
| Node: @settitle72733 |
| Ref: settitle72927 |
| Node: End of Header74151 |
| Node: Document Permissions74437 |
| Ref: Software Copying Permissions74928 |
| Node: @copying75522 |
| Ref: copying75704 |
| Node: @insertcopying78186 |
| Ref: insertcopying78374 |
| Node: Titlepage & Copyright Page79399 |
| Node: @titlepage80694 |
| Ref: titlepage80838 |
| Ref: @titlepage-Footnote-183164 |
| Node: @titlefont @center @sp83451 |
| Ref: titlefont center sp83672 |
| Node: @title @subtitle @author85144 |
| Ref: title subtitle author85368 |
| Node: Copyright87600 |
| Node: Heading Generation89499 |
| Ref: end titlepage89650 |
| Node: Contents91219 |
| Node: The Top Node94538 |
| Node: Top Node Example95728 |
| Node: Master Menu Parts96151 |
| Node: Global Document Commands98033 |
| Node: @documentdescription98932 |
| Ref: documentdescription99128 |
| Node: @setchapternewpage99752 |
| Ref: setchapternewpage99992 |
| Node: @headings102686 |
| Ref: headings on off102870 |
| Node: @paragraphindent104681 |
| Ref: paragraphindent104928 |
| Node: @firstparagraphindent105808 |
| Ref: firstparagraphindent106052 |
| Node: @exampleindent107078 |
| Ref: exampleindent107277 |
| Node: Ending a File108190 |
| Ref: File End108608 |
| Node: Nodes109054 |
| Ref: node109181 |
| Ref: @node109181 |
| Node: Texinfo Document Structure111093 |
| Ref: Two Paths111244 |
| Node: Node Names113644 |
| Ref: Node Line Tips113914 |
| Node: Writing a Node115743 |
| Node: Node Line Requirements118928 |
| Node: First Node123082 |
| Node: @top Command125272 |
| Ref: top command125446 |
| Ref: makeinfo top125446 |
| Ref: makeinfo top command125446 |
| Node: Node Menu Illustration126236 |
| Node: makeinfo Pointer Creation130617 |
| Node: Menus132460 |
| Node: Writing a Menu133105 |
| Node: Menu Example135243 |
| Node: Menu Location136747 |
| Node: Menu Parts137644 |
| Node: Less Cluttered Menu Entry139434 |
| Node: Other Info Files140055 |
| Node: Chapter Structuring141444 |
| Ref: Structuring141588 |
| Node: Tree Structuring142606 |
| Node: Structuring Command Types144140 |
| Node: @chapter146480 |
| Ref: chapter146682 |
| Node: @unnumbered @appendix147807 |
| Ref: unnumbered & appendix148060 |
| Node: @majorheading @chapheading149131 |
| Ref: majorheading & chapheading149382 |
| Node: @section150109 |
| Ref: section150335 |
| Node: @unnumberedsec @appendixsec @heading151291 |
| Ref: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading151520 |
| Node: @subsection152728 |
| Ref: subsection152988 |
| Node: @unnumberedsubsec @appendixsubsec @subheading153455 |
| Ref: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading153673 |
| Node: @subsubsection154622 |
| Ref: subsubsection154852 |
| Node: @part156249 |
| Node: Raise/lower sections158507 |
| Node: Cross References160568 |
| Node: References161610 |
| Node: Cross Reference Commands163307 |
| Node: Cross Reference Parts164528 |
| Ref: Reference Syntax164713 |
| Node: @xref168658 |
| Ref: xref168813 |
| Node: One Argument169156 |
| Node: Two Arguments169569 |
| Node: Three Arguments170351 |
| Node: Four and Five Arguments172482 |
| Node: Referring to a Manual as a Whole175057 |
| Ref: Top Node Naming175245 |
| Node: @ref176905 |
| Ref: ref177042 |
| Node: @pxref178010 |
| Ref: pxref178126 |
| Node: @anchor179706 |
| Ref: anchor179916 |
| Node: @inforef181769 |
| Ref: inforef181971 |
| Node: @url183130 |
| Ref: uref183318 |
| Ref: url183675 |
| Node: @url Examples184610 |
| Node: URL Line Breaking186227 |
| Node: @url PDF Output Format187441 |
| Node: PDF Colors188527 |
| Node: @cite189810 |
| Ref: cite189931 |
| Node: Marking Text190262 |
| Node: Indicating190927 |
| Node: Useful Highlighting192427 |
| Node: @code194092 |
| Ref: code194241 |
| Node: @kbd197869 |
| Ref: kbd198017 |
| Node: @key199777 |
| Ref: key199903 |
| Node: @samp201238 |
| Ref: samp201359 |
| Node: @verb202737 |
| Ref: verb202874 |
| Node: @var204020 |
| Ref: var204174 |
| Node: @env205765 |
| Ref: env205915 |
| Node: @file206281 |
| Ref: file206415 |
| Node: @command206894 |
| Ref: command207045 |
| Node: @option207603 |
| Ref: option207749 |
| Node: @dfn208046 |
| Ref: dfn208169 |
| Node: @abbr208974 |
| Ref: abbr209138 |
| Node: @acronym210398 |
| Ref: acronym210566 |
| Node: @indicateurl213215 |
| Ref: indicateurl213404 |
| Node: @email213959 |
| Ref: email214133 |
| Node: Emphasis214818 |
| Node: @emph @strong215652 |
| Ref: emph & strong215810 |
| Node: Smallcaps216690 |
| Node: Fonts217830 |
| Node: Quotations and Examples220353 |
| Node: Block Enclosing Commands222182 |
| Node: @quotation224488 |
| Ref: quotation224686 |
| Node: @indentedblock226979 |
| Node: @example227950 |
| Ref: example228119 |
| Node: @verbatim230248 |
| Ref: verbatim230410 |
| Node: @lisp232117 |
| Ref: lisp232291 |
| Node: @display232809 |
| Ref: display232999 |
| Node: @format233535 |
| Ref: format233737 |
| Node: @exdent234190 |
| Ref: exdent234394 |
| Node: @flushleft @flushright235326 |
| Ref: flushleft & flushright235519 |
| Node: @raggedright236606 |
| Ref: raggedright236807 |
| Node: @noindent237890 |
| Ref: noindent238076 |
| Node: @indent239748 |
| Ref: indent239926 |
| Node: @cartouche240889 |
| Ref: cartouche241071 |
| Node: @small...241869 |
| Ref: small242023 |
| Node: Lists and Tables243736 |
| Node: Introducing Lists244423 |
| Node: @itemize246085 |
| Ref: itemize246273 |
| Node: @enumerate248746 |
| Ref: enumerate248960 |
| Node: Two-column Tables251291 |
| Node: @table251977 |
| Ref: table252129 |
| Ref: @asis252746 |
| Node: @ftable @vtable254957 |
| Ref: ftable vtable255118 |
| Node: @itemx256069 |
| Ref: itemx256243 |
| Node: Multi-column Tables257308 |
| Node: Multitable Column Widths258015 |
| Node: Multitable Rows259494 |
| Node: Special Displays261916 |
| Node: Floats262707 |
| Node: @float263595 |
| Ref: float263777 |
| Ref: fig:ex1264279 |
| Node: @caption @shortcaption265556 |
| Ref: caption shortcaption265732 |
| Node: @listoffloats267237 |
| Ref: listoffloats267434 |
| Node: Images268742 |
| Node: Image Syntax269177 |
| Node: Image Scaling273183 |
| Node: Footnotes274915 |
| Ref: Footnotes-Footnote-1275537 |
| Node: Footnote Commands275818 |
| Ref: Footnote Commands-Footnote-1278028 |
| Node: Footnote Styles278065 |
| Node: Indices280701 |
| Node: Predefined Indices281971 |
| Node: Indexing Commands284056 |
| Node: Index Entries286874 |
| Node: Printing Indices & Menus289295 |
| Node: Combining Indices292307 |
| Node: @syncodeindex293669 |
| Ref: syncodeindex293868 |
| Node: @synindex295384 |
| Ref: synindex295547 |
| Node: New Indices295961 |
| Node: Insertions298301 |
| Node: Special Characters299398 |
| Ref: Braces Atsign299592 |
| Ref: Atsign Braces Comma299592 |
| Node: Inserting an Atsign302047 |
| Node: Inserting Braces302641 |
| Node: Inserting a Comma303354 |
| Node: Inserting a Backslash304572 |
| Node: Inserting a Hashsign305816 |
| Node: Inserting Quote Characters307047 |
| Node: Inserting Space308811 |
| Node: Multiple Spaces309400 |
| Node: Not Ending a Sentence310508 |
| Node: Ending a Sentence312323 |
| Node: @frenchspacing314837 |
| Ref: frenchspacing315052 |
| Node: @dmn316220 |
| Ref: dmn316391 |
| Node: Inserting Accents317368 |
| Node: Inserting Quotation Marks320096 |
| Node: Inserting Subscripts and Superscripts324052 |
| Node: Inserting Math325306 |
| Ref: math325537 |
| Node: Glyphs for Text327788 |
| Ref: Glyphs327948 |
| Ref: TeX and copyright327948 |
| Node: @TeX @LaTeX328891 |
| Ref: tex329065 |
| Node: @copyright329700 |
| Ref: copyright symbol329866 |
| Node: @registeredsymbol330145 |
| Ref: registered symbol330319 |
| Node: @dots330473 |
| Ref: dots330658 |
| Ref: Dots Bullets330658 |
| Node: @bullet331478 |
| Ref: bullet331609 |
| Node: @euro331892 |
| Ref: euro332071 |
| Node: @pounds333164 |
| Ref: pounds333335 |
| Node: @textdegree333482 |
| Ref: textdegree333660 |
| Node: @minus333792 |
| Ref: minus333978 |
| Node: @geq @leq334919 |
| Ref: geq leq335111 |
| Node: Glyphs for Programming335312 |
| Node: Glyphs Summary336555 |
| Node: @result337267 |
| Ref: result337475 |
| Node: @expansion337814 |
| Ref: expansion338022 |
| Node: @print338809 |
| Ref: Print Glyph339014 |
| Node: @error339726 |
| Ref: Error Glyph339937 |
| Node: @equiv340669 |
| Ref: Equivalence340860 |
| Node: @point341440 |
| Ref: Point Glyph341654 |
| Node: Click Sequences343055 |
| Node: Inserting Unicode344076 |
| Node: Breaks346007 |
| Node: Break Commands347438 |
| Node: Line Breaks348308 |
| Node: @- @hyphenation349062 |
| Ref: - and hyphenation349271 |
| Node: @allowcodebreaks350393 |
| Ref: allowcodebreaks350601 |
| Node: @w351609 |
| Ref: w351768 |
| Node: @tie352774 |
| Ref: tie352938 |
| Node: @sp353681 |
| Ref: sp353822 |
| Node: @page354104 |
| Ref: page354243 |
| Node: @group354497 |
| Ref: group354646 |
| Node: @need356257 |
| Ref: need356402 |
| Node: Definition Commands357009 |
| Node: Def Cmd Template358670 |
| Node: Def Cmd Continuation Lines361392 |
| Node: Optional Arguments363010 |
| Node: @deffnx364360 |
| Ref: deffnx364579 |
| Node: Def Cmds in Detail365346 |
| Node: Functions Commands366467 |
| Node: Variables Commands369322 |
| Node: Typed Functions371466 |
| Node: Typed Variables375420 |
| Node: Data Types377140 |
| Node: Abstract Objects378426 |
| Node: Object-Oriented Variables379035 |
| Node: Object-Oriented Methods381668 |
| Node: Def Cmd Conventions385602 |
| Node: Sample Function Definition386173 |
| Node: Internationalization388994 |
| Node: @documentlanguage389655 |
| Ref: documentlanguage389877 |
| Node: @documentencoding392652 |
| Ref: documentencoding392852 |
| Node: Conditionals395963 |
| Node: Conditional Commands397335 |
| Node: Conditional Not Commands400136 |
| Node: Raw Formatter Commands401423 |
| Node: Inline Conditionals404992 |
| Node: @set @clear @value406914 |
| Ref: set clear value407162 |
| Node: @set @value408392 |
| Ref: set value408538 |
| Node: @ifset @ifclear410529 |
| Ref: ifset ifclear410719 |
| Node: @inlineifset @inlineifclear412684 |
| Node: @value Example413475 |
| Ref: value Example413630 |
| Node: Testing for Texinfo Commands415642 |
| Node: Conditional Nesting418227 |
| Node: Defining New Texinfo Commands419782 |
| Node: Defining Macros421417 |
| Node: Invoking Macros423751 |
| Node: Macro Details427393 |
| Node: @alias432766 |
| Ref: alias432940 |
| Node: @definfoenclose434463 |
| Ref: definfoenclose434691 |
| Node: External Macro Processors437292 |
| Node: #line Directive438612 |
| Node: #line and TeX440066 |
| Node: #line Syntax Details441544 |
| Node: Include Files442804 |
| Node: Using Include Files443863 |
| Node: texinfo-multiple-files-update445134 |
| Node: Include Files Requirements447498 |
| Node: Sample Include File448755 |
| Node: @verbatiminclude449951 |
| Ref: verbatiminclude450187 |
| Node: Include Files Evolution451064 |
| Node: Hardcopy453049 |
| Node: Use TeX455343 |
| Node: Format with texi2dvi455800 |
| Node: Format with tex/texindex461835 |
| Ref: Names of index files462806 |
| Node: Formatting Partial Documents465278 |
| Node: Details of texindex466385 |
| Node: Print with lpr468517 |
| Node: Within Emacs469805 |
| Node: Texinfo Mode Printing470768 |
| Node: Compile-Command474434 |
| Node: Requirements Summary475300 |
| Node: Preparing for TeX476428 |
| Node: Overfull hboxes480129 |
| Node: @smallbook482251 |
| Ref: smallbook482435 |
| Node: A4 Paper483475 |
| Node: @pagesizes484372 |
| Ref: pagesizes484594 |
| Node: Cropmarks and Magnification485471 |
| Node: PDF Output487564 |
| Node: Obtaining TeX489239 |
| Node: Generic Translator texi2any489649 |
| Node: Reference Implementation491368 |
| Node: Invoking texi2any493658 |
| Ref: Invoking makeinfo493904 |
| Ref: makeinfo Options494440 |
| Ref: texi2any Options494440 |
| Ref: Splitting Output507514 |
| Node: texi2any Printed Output509842 |
| Node: Pointer Validation511963 |
| Node: Customization Variables513613 |
| Node: Customization Variables for @-Commands515176 |
| Node: Customization Variables and Options516676 |
| Node: HTML Customization Variables520437 |
| Node: Other Customization Variables531676 |
| Ref: INFO_SPECIAL_CHARS_QUOTE534725 |
| Node: Internationalization of Document Strings545336 |
| Node: Invoking pod2texi549191 |
| Node: texi2html550409 |
| Node: Creating and Installing Info Files553605 |
| Node: Creating an Info File554018 |
| Node: makeinfo Advantages555032 |
| Ref: makeinfo advantages555195 |
| Node: makeinfo in Emacs555715 |
| Node: texinfo-format commands558171 |
| Node: Batch Formatting559607 |
| Node: Tag and Split Files560803 |
| Node: Installing an Info File564210 |
| Node: Directory File565045 |
| Node: New Info File566847 |
| Ref: New Info File-Footnote-1567963 |
| Node: Other Info Directories568045 |
| Node: Installing Dir Entries572161 |
| Node: Invoking install-info575368 |
| Node: Generating HTML582086 |
| Node: HTML Translation583028 |
| Node: HTML Splitting586352 |
| Node: HTML CSS588804 |
| Node: HTML Xref592790 |
| Node: HTML Xref Link Basics594112 |
| Node: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion597368 |
| Node: HTML Xref Command Expansion602132 |
| Node: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion605268 |
| Node: HTML Xref Mismatch607667 |
| Node: HTML Xref Configuration609372 |
| Node: HTML Xref Link Preservation613002 |
| Node: @-Command Details614863 |
| Node: Command Syntax615222 |
| Node: Command List618586 |
| Node: Command Contexts663799 |
| Node: Tips665627 |
| Ref: texi-elements-by-size675062 |
| Node: Sample Texinfo Files676872 |
| Node: Short Sample Texinfo File677344 |
| Node: GNU Sample Texts678889 |
| Node: Verbatim Copying License684124 |
| Node: All-permissive Copying License685226 |
| Node: Texinfo Mode686267 |
| Node: Texinfo Mode Overview687313 |
| Node: Emacs Editing688084 |
| Node: Inserting690228 |
| Node: Showing the Structure694505 |
| Node: Updating Nodes and Menus696776 |
| Node: Updating Commands697838 |
| Node: Updating Requirements703825 |
| Node: Other Updating Commands706115 |
| Node: Info Formatting709376 |
| Node: Printing710523 |
| Node: Texinfo Mode Summary712833 |
| Node: Headings717511 |
| Node: Headings Introduced718168 |
| Node: Heading Format720050 |
| Node: Heading Choice722500 |
| Node: Custom Headings723846 |
| Node: Catching Mistakes729523 |
| Node: makeinfo Preferred730834 |
| Node: Debugging with Info731716 |
| Node: Debugging with TeX735066 |
| Node: Using texinfo-show-structure739301 |
| Node: Using occur742388 |
| Node: Running Info-validate743932 |
| Ref: Running Info-Validate744099 |
| Node: Using Info-validate744997 |
| Node: Unsplit746807 |
| Node: Tagifying747865 |
| Node: Splitting748726 |
| Node: Info Format Specification750360 |
| Node: Info Format General Layout752361 |
| Node: Info Format Whole Manual752916 |
| Node: Info Format Preamble753884 |
| Node: Info Format Indirect Table754840 |
| Node: Info Format Tag Table756378 |
| Node: Info Format Local Variables757969 |
| Node: Info Format Regular Nodes758450 |
| Node: Info Format Text Constructs761020 |
| Node: Info Format Menu761420 |
| Node: Info Format Image762279 |
| Node: Info Format Printindex763540 |
| Node: Info Format Cross Reference764706 |
| Node: GNU Free Documentation License767520 |
| Node: Command and Variable Index792701 |
| Node: General Index836359 |
| |
| End Tag Table |
