diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 5de9eaa..921debb 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 BUILD_WAVEGUIDE?=y
 BUILD_DVBUTILS?=y
 BUILD_SYSMGR?=y
+BUILD_CACHE_WARMING?=y
 BUILD_STATUTILS?=y
 BUILD_SPEEDTEST?=y
 BUILD_CRYPTDEV?=    # default off: needs libdevmapper
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@
 export BUILD_HNVRAM BUILD_SSDP BUILD_DNSSD BUILD_LOGUPLOAD \
 	BUILD_IBEACON BUILD_WAVEGUIDE BUILD_DVBUTILS BUILD_SYSMGR \
 	BUILD_STATUTILS BUILD_CRYPTDEV BUILD_SIGNING BUILD_JSONPOLL \
-	BUILD_PRESTERASTATS
+	BUILD_PRESTERASTATS BUILD_CACHE_WARMING
 
 # note: libgpio is not built here.  It's conditionally built
 # via buildroot/packages/google/google_platform/google_platform.mk
@@ -40,6 +41,10 @@
 DIRS+=hnvram
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(BUILD_CACHE_WARMING),y)
+DIRS+=cache_warming
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(BUILD_LOGUPLOAD),y)
 DIRS+=logupload/client
 endif
diff --git a/cache_warming/Makefile b/cache_warming/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb489d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cache_warming/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+INSTALL?=install
+PREFIX=$(DESTDIR)/bin
+LIBDIR=$(PREFIX)/cache_warming
+PYTHON?=python
+GPYLINT=$(shell \
+    if which gpylint >/dev/null; then \
+      echo gpylint; \
+    else \
+      echo 'echo "(gpylint-missing)" >&2'; \
+    fi \
+)
+
+all:
+
+%.test: %_test.py
+	$(PYTHON) $<
+
+runtests: $(patsubst %_test.py,%.test,$(wildcard *_test.py))
+
+lint: $(filter-out options.py,$(wildcard *.py))
+	$(GPYLINT) $^
+
+test_only: all
+	PYTHONPATH=..:$(PYTHONPATH) ./wvtest/wvtestrun $(MAKE) runtests
+
+test: all
+	$(MAKE) test_only lint
+
+install:
+	mkdir -p $(LIBDIR)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 0755 -D cache_warming.py $(LIBDIR)/
+
+install-libs:
+	@echo "No libs to install."
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf *~ .*~ *.pyc
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cache_warming/cache_warming.py b/cache_warming/cache_warming.py
index 7b76fc3..986bcd7 100644
--- a/cache_warming/cache_warming.py
+++ b/cache_warming/cache_warming.py
@@ -13,10 +13,13 @@
 import json
 import os
 import socket
+import sys
+import dns.exception
 import dns.resolver
 
 hit_log = {}
 last_fetch = datetime.min
+verbose = False
 TOP_N = 50
 FETCH_INTERVAL = 60  # seconds
 UDP_SERVER_PATH = '/tmp/dns_query_log_socket'
@@ -33,6 +36,8 @@
     log: Dictionary of top requested hosts with host key and tuple value
          containing most recent hit time and hit count.
   """
+  if verbose:
+    print 'Saving hosts in %s.' % HOSTS_JSON_PATH
   d = os.path.dirname(HOSTS_JSON_PATH)
   if not os.path.exists(d):
     os.makedirs(d)
@@ -46,10 +51,19 @@
   Loads dictionary with host key and tuple value containing most recent hit
   time and hit count as hit_log if it exists.
   """
+  if verbose:
+    print 'Loading hosts from %s.' % HOSTS_JSON_PATH
   if os.path.isfile(HOSTS_JSON_PATH):
     with open(HOSTS_JSON_PATH, 'r') as hosts_json:
       global hit_log
-      hit_log = json.load(hosts_json)
+      try:
+        hit_log = json.load(hosts_json)
+      except ValueError as e:
+        if verbose:
+          print 'Failed to open %s: %s.' % (HOSTS_JSON_PATH, e)
+      finally:
+        if not isinstance(hit_log, dict):
+          hit_log = {}
 
 
 def process_query(qry):
@@ -63,6 +77,8 @@
             '[Unix time] [host name]'.
   """
   time, _, host = qry.partition(' ')
+  if verbose:
+    print 'Received query for %s.' % host
   if host in hit_log:
     hit_log[host] = (hit_log[host][0] + 1, time)
   else:
@@ -102,9 +118,13 @@
   if len(hosts) > TOP_N:
     hosts = hosts[:TOP_N]
   for host in hosts:
+    if verbose:
+      print 'Fetching %s.' % host
     try:
       my_resolver.query(host)
-    except:
+    except dns.exception.DNSException:
+      if verbose:
+        print 'Failed to fetch %s.' % host
       del hit_log[host]
       hosts.remove(host)
 
@@ -120,14 +140,20 @@
   return sorted(hit_log, key=hit_log.get, reverse=True)
 
 
-def warm_cache():
+def warm_cache(port, server):
   """Warms cache with predetermined number of most requested hosts.
 
   Sorts hosts in hit log by hit count, fetches predetermined
   number of top requested hosts, updates last fetch time.
+
+  Args:
+    port: Port to which to send queries (default is 53).
+    server: Alternate nameservers to query (default is None).
   """
+  if verbose:
+    print 'Warming cache.'
   sorted_hosts = sort_hit_log()
-  fetch(sorted_hosts, args.port, args.server)
+  fetch(sorted_hosts, port, server)
   global last_fetch
   last_fetch = datetime.now()
 
@@ -143,13 +169,16 @@
                       help='port to which to send queries (default is 53).')
   parser.add_argument('-s', '--server', nargs='*', type=str,
                       help='alternate nameservers to query (default is None).')
+  parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true')
   return parser.parse_args()
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
+  sys.stdout = os.fdopen(1, 'w', 1)
+  sys.stderr = os.fdopen(2, 'w', 1)
   args = set_args()
+  verbose = args.verbose
   load_hosts()
-
   server_address = UDP_SERVER_PATH
   try:
     os.remove(server_address)
@@ -160,10 +189,12 @@
   sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
   sock.bind(server_address)
   os.chmod(server_address, 0o777)
+  if verbose:
+    print 'Set up socket at %s.' % HOSTS_JSON_PATH
 
   while 1:
     diff = datetime.now() - last_fetch
-    if diff.total_seconds() > 60:
-      warm_cache()
+    if diff.total_seconds() > FETCH_INTERVAL:
+      warm_cache(args.port, args.server)
     data = sock.recv(128)
     process_query(data)
diff --git a/cache_warming/cache_warming_test.py b/cache_warming/cache_warming_test.py
index 83ff1e8..ceed91b 100644
--- a/cache_warming/cache_warming_test.py
+++ b/cache_warming/cache_warming_test.py
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """Tests for cache_warming.py."""
 
+import os
 import cache_warming
 from wvtest import wvtest
 
 
 @wvtest.wvtest
-def testProcessQuery_firstHit():
+def test_process_query_first_hit():
   qry = '123456789 www.yahoo.com'
   expected = {'www.yahoo.com': (1, '123456789')}
   cache_warming.hit_log = {}
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@
 
 
 @wvtest.wvtest
-def testProcessQuery_updateHitCount():
+def test_process_query_update_hit_count():
   qry = '123456789 www.yahoo.com'
   cache_warming.hit_log = {'www.yahoo.com': (1, '123456789')}
   cache_warming.process_query(qry)
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@
 
 
 @wvtest.wvtest
-def testProcessQuery_updateRecentHitTime():
+def test_process_query_update_recent_hit_time():
   qry = '123456789 www.yahoo.com'
   cache_warming.hit_log = {'www.yahoo.com': (1, '987654321')}
   cache_warming.process_query(qry)
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
 
 
 @wvtest.wvtest
-def testSortHitLog_empty():
+def test_sort_hit_log_empty():
   cache_warming.hit_log = {}
   expected = []
   actual = cache_warming.sort_hit_log()
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@
 
 
 @wvtest.wvtest
-def testSortHitLog_nonEmpty():
+def test_sort_hit_log_non_empty():
   cache_warming.hit_log = {
       'www.google.com': (2, '123456789'),
       'www.yahoo.com': (1, '987654321'),
@@ -54,10 +55,11 @@
   actual = cache_warming.sort_hit_log()
   wvtest.WVPASSEQ(actual, expected)
 
+
 @wvtest.wvtest
-def testHitLogSubset():
+def test_hit_log_subset():
   hosts = ['www.google.com', 'www.yahoo.com']
-  cache_warming.hit_log =   cache_warming.hit_log = {
+  cache_warming.hit_log = cache_warming.hit_log = {
       'www.youtube.com': (4, '987654321'),
       'www.google.com': (1, '987654321'),
       'www.espn.com': (3, '123456789'),
@@ -71,5 +73,55 @@
   wvtest.WVPASSEQ(actual, expected)
 
 
+@wvtest.wvtest
+def test_no_cache_warming_hosts():
+  crash = False
+  cache_warming.HOSTS_JSON_PATH = '/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json'
+  if os.path.exists('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json'):
+    os.remove('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json')
+  try:
+    cache_warming.load_hosts()
+    cache_warming.warm_cache(53, None)
+  except ValueError:
+    crash = True
+  wvtest.WVFAIL(crash)
+
+
+@wvtest.wvtest
+def test_empty_cache_warming_hosts():
+  crash = False
+  cache_warming.HOSTS_JSON_PATH = '/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json'
+  if os.path.exists('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json'):
+    os.remove('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json')
+  open('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json', 'w').close()
+  try:
+    cache_warming.load_hosts()
+    cache_warming.warm_cache(53, None)
+  except ValueError:
+    crash = True
+  finally:
+    os.remove('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json')
+  wvtest.WVFAIL(crash)
+
+
+@wvtest.wvtest
+def test_wrong_cache_warming_hosts():
+  crash = False
+  cache_warming.HOSTS_JSON_PATH = '/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json'
+  if os.path.exists('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json'):
+    os.remove('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json')
+  f = open('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json', 'w')
+  f.write('[]')
+  f.close()
+  try:
+    cache_warming.load_hosts()
+    cache_warming.warm_cache(53, None)
+  except ValueError:
+    crash = True
+  finally:
+    os.remove('/tmp/cache_warming_hosts.json')
+  wvtest.WVFAIL(crash)
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   wvtest.wvtest_main()
diff --git a/cmds/.gitignore b/cmds/.gitignore
index 5189e0e..fcc39f5 100644
--- a/cmds/.gitignore
+++ b/cmds/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 *.o
+*.tmp.*
 alivemonitor
 asus_hosts
 balloon
@@ -9,15 +10,19 @@
 cpulog
 device_stats.pb.h
 dhcp-rogue
+dhcpnametax
+dhcpvendortax
 dir-monitor
 diskbench
 dnsck
 dnssd_hosts
+eddystone
 freemegs
 gsetsid
 gstatic
 host-*
 http_bouncer
+ibeacon
 ionice
 isoping
 isostream
diff --git a/cmds/Makefile b/cmds/Makefile
index 38557fa..3d53395 100644
--- a/cmds/Makefile
+++ b/cmds/Makefile
@@ -63,13 +63,15 @@
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(BUILD_SSDP),y)
-TARGETS += ssdptax
+TARGETS += ssdptax dialcheck
 HOST_TEST_TARGETS += host-test-ssdptax.sh
+HOST_TEST_TARGETS += host-test-dialcheck.sh
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(BUILD_DNSSD),y)
 # Don't bother building for host
 ARCH_TARGETS += dnssd_hosts
+SCRIPT_TARGETS += castcheck
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(BUILD_IBEACON),y)
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@
 	for n in $(SCRIPT_TARGETS); do \
 		test ! -f $$n.$(BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_PLATFORM_NAME) || \
 			cp -f $$n.$(BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_PLATFORM_NAME) $(BINDIR)/$$n; \
+		test ! -f $$n || cp -f $$n $(BINDIR)/$$n; \
 	done
 
 install-libs:
@@ -202,6 +205,10 @@
 ssdptax: LIBS += -lcurl -lnl-3 -lstdc++ -lm
 host-ssdptax: host-ssdptax.o host-l2utils.o
 host-ssdptax: LIBS += $(HOST_LIBS) -lcurl -lnl-3 -lstdc++ -lm
+dialcheck: dialcheck.o
+dialcheck: LIBS += -lstdc++ -lm
+host-dialcheck: host-dialcheck.o
+host-dialcheck: LIBS += $(HOST_LIBS) -lstdc++ -lm
 statpitcher.o: device_stats.pb.o
 statpitcher: LIBS+=-L$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/usr/lib -lprotobuf-lite -lpthread -lstdc++
 statpitcher: device_stats.pb.o statpitcher.o
@@ -225,13 +232,14 @@
 wifi_files: LIBS += -lnl-3 -lnl-genl-3 -lglib-2.0
 host-wifi_files_test: host-wifi_files_test.o
 host-wifi_files_test: LIBS += -lnl-3 -lnl-genl-3 -lglib-2.0
-dhcpvendortax: dhcpvendortax.o dhcpvendorlookup.o
-dhcpvendorlookup.c: dhcpvendorlookup.gperf
-	$(GPERF) -G -C -t -L ANSI-C -N exact_match -K vendor_class --delimiters="|" \
-		--includes --output-file=dhcpvendorlookup.c dhcpvendorlookup.gperf
-dhcpvendorlookup.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
-host-dhcpvendorlookup.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
-host-dhcpvendortax: host-dhcpvendortax.o host-dhcpvendorlookup.o
+dhcpvendortax: dhcpvendortax.o dhcpvendorlookup.tmp.o
+dhcpvendorlookup.tmp.c: dhcpvendorlookup.gperf
+	$(GPERF) -G -C -t -L ANSI-C -N exact_match -K vendor_class \
+		--delimiters="|" \
+		--includes --output-file=$@ $<
+dhcpvendorlookup.tmp.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
+host-dhcpvendorlookup.tmp.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
+host-dhcpvendortax: host-dhcpvendortax.o host-dhcpvendorlookup.tmp.o
 dnssdmon: dnssdmon.o l2utils.o modellookup.o
 dnssdmon: LIBS += -lnl-3 -lstdc++ -lm -lresolv
 modellookup.c: modellookup.gperf
@@ -239,13 +247,14 @@
 		--includes --output-file=modellookup.c modellookup.gperf
 modellookup.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 host-modellookup.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
-dhcpnametax: dhcpnametax.o hostnamelookup.o
-host-dhcpnametax: host-dhcpnametax.o host-hostnamelookup.o
-hostnamelookup.c: hostnamelookup.gperf
-	$(GPERF) -G -C -t -T -L ANSI-C -n -c -N hostname_lookup -K name --delimiters="|" \
-		--includes --output-file=hostnamelookup.c hostnamelookup.gperf
-hostnamelookup.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
-host-hostnamelookup.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
+dhcpnametax: dhcpnametax.o hostnamelookup.tmp.o
+host-dhcpnametax: host-dhcpnametax.o host-hostnamelookup.tmp.o
+hostnamelookup.tmp.c: hostnamelookup.gperf
+	$(GPERF) -G -C -t -T -L ANSI-C -n -c -N hostname_lookup -K name \
+		--delimiters="|" \
+		--includes --output-file=$@ $<
+hostnamelookup.tmp.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
+host-hostnamelookup.tmp.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 
 
 TESTS = $(wildcard test-*.sh) $(wildcard test-*.py) $(wildcard *_test.py) $(TEST_TARGETS)
@@ -269,5 +278,5 @@
 		$(TEST_TARGETS) \
 		$(HOST_TEST_TARGETS) \
 		$(ARCH_TARGETS) \
-		*~ .*~ */*.pyc test_file *.pb.*
+		*~ .*~ */*.pyc test_file *.pb.* *.tmp.*
 	rm -rf test_dir
diff --git a/cmds/avahi-browse-fake.sh b/cmds/avahi-browse-fake.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c7ed603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/avahi-browse-fake.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo '+;br0;IPv4;GFiber\032TV\032Box1001;_googlecast._tcp;local'
+echo '=;br0;IPv4;GFiber\032TV\032Box1001;_googlecast._tcp;local;GFiber\032TV\032Box1001.local;1.1.1.1;8009;"rs=" "bs=FFFFFFFFFFFF" "st=2" "ca=4101" "fn=GFiber TV Box1001" "ic=/setup/icon.png" "md=GFiber TV Box" "ve=05" "rm=RMRMRMRMRMRMRMRMRM" "id=0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"'
+echo '+;br0;IPv4;GFiber\032TV\032Box1002;_googlecast._tcp;local'
+echo '=;br0;IPv4;GFiber\032TV\032Box1002;_googlecast._tcp;local;GFiber\032TV\032Box1002.local;3.3.3.3;8009;"rs=" "bs=FFFFFFFFFFFF" "st=2" "ca=4101" "fn=GFiber TV Box1002" "ic=/setup/icon.png" "md=GFiber TV Box" "ve=05" "rm=RMRMRMRMRMRMRMRMRM" "id=0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"'
+echo '+;br0;IPv4;GFiber\032TV\032Box1003;_googlecast._tcp;local'
+echo '=;br0;IPv4;GFiber\032TV\032Box1003;_googlecast._tcp;local;GFiber\032TV\032Box1003.local;2.2.2.2;8009;"rs=" "bs=FFFFFFFFFFFF" "st=2" "ca=4101" "fn=GFiber TV Box1003" "ic=/setup/icon.png" "md=GFiber TV Box" "ve=05" "rm=RMRMRMRMRMRMRMRMRM" "id=0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"'
diff --git a/cmds/castcheck b/cmds/castcheck
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..70080ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/castcheck
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+AVAHI=avahi-browse
+
+while getopts "a:" option
+do
+  case $option in
+  a) AVAHI="$OPTARG" ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+cast_devices=
+while IFS=";" read ip; do
+  cast_devices="$cast_devices $ip"
+done<<EOT
+$($AVAHI -tpvlr _googlecast._tcp | grep "^=" | cut -d";" -f8 | sort)
+EOT
+
+echo "Cast responses from:$cast_devices"
diff --git a/cmds/dhcpnametax.c b/cmds/dhcpnametax.c
index f4af92a..f1bba07 100644
--- a/cmds/dhcpnametax.c
+++ b/cmds/dhcpnametax.c
@@ -119,6 +119,9 @@
     } else if (strcmp(dhcpsig, "1,28,2,3,15,6,119,12,44,47,26,121,42") == 0) {
       // SleepIQ
       sn = hostname_lookup(hostname, 11);
+    } else if (strcmp(dhcpsig, "1,121,33,3,6,12,15,28,42,51,54,58,59,119") == 0) {
+      // Lutron
+      sn = hostname_lookup(hostname, 7);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/cmds/dialcheck-test-server.py b/cmds/dialcheck-test-server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2637384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/dialcheck-test-server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""Fake SSDP server for unit tests.
+
+"""
+
+import errno
+import os
+import signal
+import socket
+import SocketServer
+import struct
+import sys
+
+
+notify = """LOCATION: http://1.1.1.1:1/test.xml\r\n
+CACHE-CONTROL: max-age=1800\r\n
+EXT:\r\n
+SERVER: test_ssdp/1.0\r\n
+ST: urn:dial-multiscreen-org:service:dial:1\r\n
+USN: uuid:number::urn:dial-multiscreen-org:service:dial:1\r\n"""
+
+
+class SSDPHandler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler):
+  def handle(self):
+    self.request[1].sendto(notify, self.client_address)
+
+
+def check_pid(pid):
+  try:
+    os.kill(pid, 0)
+  except OSError as e:
+    if e.errno == errno.ESRCH:
+      return False
+  return True
+
+
+def timeout(unused_signum, unused_frame):
+  ppid = os.getppid()
+  if ppid == 1 or not check_pid(ppid):
+    print 'timed out!'
+    sys.exit(2)
+  else:
+    signal.alarm(1)
+
+
+def main():
+  signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, timeout)
+  signal.alarm(1)
+  SocketServer.UDPServer.allow_reuse_address = True
+  s = SocketServer.UDPServer(('', 0), SSDPHandler)
+  s.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
+      socket.inet_aton('239.255.255.250') + socket.inet_aton('0.0.0.0'))
+  sn = s.socket.getsockname()
+  port = sn[1]
+  open(sys.argv[1], "w").write(str(port))
+  s.handle_request()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main()
diff --git a/cmds/dialcheck.cc b/cmds/dialcheck.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17f8fbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/dialcheck.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * dialcheck
+ *
+ * Check for nearby devices supporting the DIAL protocol.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <asm/types.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <set>
+#include <tr1/unordered_map>
+
+
+typedef std::set<std::string> ResultsSet;
+int timeout_secs = 10;
+
+
+/* SSDP Discover packet */
+int ssdp_port = 1900;
+int ssdp_loop = 0;
+#define SSDP_IP4 "239.255.255.250"
+#define SSDP_IP6 "FF02::C"
+const char discover_template[] = "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+    "HOST: %s:%d\r\n"
+    "MAN: \"ssdp:discover\"\r\n"
+    "MX: 2\r\n"
+    "USER-AGENT: dialcheck/1.0\r\n"
+    "ST: urn:dial-multiscreen-org:service:dial:1\r\n\r\n";
+
+
+int get_ipv4_ssdp_socket()
+{
+  int s;
+  int reuse = 1;
+  struct sockaddr_in sin;
+  struct ip_mreq mreq;
+  struct ip_mreqn mreqn;
+
+  if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
+    perror("socket SOCK_DGRAM");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *)&reuse, sizeof(reuse))) {
+    perror("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
+        &ssdp_loop, sizeof(ssdp_loop))) {
+    perror("setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
+  sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  sin.sin_port = htons(ssdp_port);
+  sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+  if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin))) {
+    perror("bind");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  memset(&mreqn, 0, sizeof(mreqn));
+  mreqn.imr_ifindex = if_nametoindex("br0");
+  if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &mreqn, sizeof(mreqn))) {
+    perror("IP_MULTICAST_IF");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  memset(&mreq, 0, sizeof(mreq));
+  mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr(SSDP_IP4);
+  if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
+        (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq))) {
+    perror("IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+void send_ssdp_ip4_request(int s)
+{
+  struct sockaddr_in sin;
+  char buf[1024];
+  ssize_t len;
+
+  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), discover_template, SSDP_IP4, ssdp_port);
+  memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
+  sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  sin.sin_port = htons(ssdp_port);
+  sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SSDP_IP4);
+  len = strlen(buf);
+  if (sendto(s, buf, len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) != len) {
+    perror("sendto multicast IPv4");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+int get_ipv6_ssdp_socket()
+{
+  int s;
+  int reuse = 1;
+  int loop = 0;
+  struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
+  struct ipv6_mreq mreq;
+  int idx;
+  int hops;
+
+  if ((s = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
+    perror("socket SOCK_DGRAM");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *)&reuse, sizeof(reuse))) {
+    perror("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop))) {
+    perror("setsockopt IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  memset(&sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
+  sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+  sin6.sin6_port = htons(ssdp_port);
+  sin6.sin6_addr = in6addr_any;
+  if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)&sin6, sizeof(sin6))) {
+    perror("bind");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  idx = if_nametoindex("br0");
+  if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, &idx, sizeof(idx))) {
+    perror("IP_MULTICAST_IF");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  hops = 2;
+  if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &hops, sizeof(hops))) {
+    perror("IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  memset(&mreq, 0, sizeof(mreq));
+  mreq.ipv6mr_interface = idx;
+  if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, SSDP_IP6, &mreq.ipv6mr_multiaddr) != 1) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "ERR: inet_pton(%s) failed", SSDP_IP6);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, &mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0) {
+    perror("ERR: setsockopt(IPV6_JOIN_GROUP)");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+void send_ssdp_ip6_request(int s)
+{
+  struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
+  char buf[1024];
+  ssize_t len;
+
+  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), discover_template, SSDP_IP6, ssdp_port);
+  memset(&sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
+  sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+  sin6.sin6_port = htons(ssdp_port);
+  if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, SSDP_IP6, &sin6.sin6_addr) != 1) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "ERR: inet_pton(%s) failed", SSDP_IP6);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  len = strlen(buf);
+  if (sendto(s, buf, len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&sin6, sizeof(sin6)) != len) {
+    perror("sendto multicast IPv6");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+std::string handle_ssdp_response(int s, int family)
+{
+  char buffer[4096];
+  char ipbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+  ssize_t pktlen;
+  struct sockaddr from;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(from);
+
+  pktlen = recvfrom(s, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, &from, &len);
+  if (pktlen <= 0) {
+    return std::string("");
+  }
+
+  if (family == AF_INET) {
+    struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)&from;
+    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin->sin_addr, ipbuf, sizeof(ipbuf));
+    return std::string(ipbuf);
+  } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
+    struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&from;
+    inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6->sin6_addr, ipbuf, sizeof(ipbuf));
+    return std::string(ipbuf);
+  }
+
+  return std::string("");
+}
+
+
+/* Wait for SSDP NOTIFY messages to arrive. */
+ResultsSet listen_for_responses(int s4, int s6)
+{
+  ResultsSet results;
+  struct timeval tv;
+  fd_set rfds;
+  int maxfd = (s4 > s6) ? s4 : s6;
+
+  memset(&tv, 0, sizeof(tv));
+  tv.tv_sec = timeout_secs;
+  tv.tv_usec = 0;
+
+  FD_ZERO(&rfds);
+  FD_SET(s4, &rfds);
+  FD_SET(s6, &rfds);
+
+  while (select(maxfd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv) > 0) {
+    if (FD_ISSET(s4, &rfds)) {
+      std::string ip = handle_ssdp_response(s4, AF_INET);
+      if (!ip.empty()) {
+        results.insert(ip);
+      }
+    }
+    if (FD_ISSET(s6, &rfds)) {
+      std::string ip = handle_ssdp_response(s6, AF_INET6);
+      if (!ip.empty()) {
+        results.insert(ip);
+      }
+    }
+
+    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
+    FD_SET(s4, &rfds);
+    FD_SET(s6, &rfds);
+  }
+
+  return results;
+}
+
+
+void usage(char *progname) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [-t port]\nwhere:\n", progname);
+  fprintf(stderr, "\t-t port:  test mode, send to localhost port\n");
+  exit(1);
+}
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  int c;
+  int s4, s6;
+
+  setlinebuf(stdout);
+  alarm(30);
+
+  while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "t:")) != -1) {
+    switch(c) {
+      case 't':
+        timeout_secs = 1;
+        ssdp_port = atoi(optarg);
+        ssdp_loop = 1;
+        break;
+      default: usage(argv[0]); break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  s4 = get_ipv4_ssdp_socket();
+  send_ssdp_ip4_request(s4);
+  s6 = get_ipv6_ssdp_socket();
+  send_ssdp_ip6_request(s6);
+  ResultsSet IPs = listen_for_responses(s4, s6);
+
+  std::string output("DIAL responses from: ");
+  for (ResultsSet::const_iterator ii = IPs.begin(); ii != IPs.end(); ++ii) {
+    output.append(*ii);
+    output.append(" ");
+  }
+  std::cout << output << std::endl;
+
+  exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/cmds/gstatic.c b/cmds/gstatic.c
index 15b23fc..518871f 100644
--- a/cmds/gstatic.c
+++ b/cmds/gstatic.c
@@ -85,11 +85,13 @@
   total = 0;
   while (total < count) {
     rc = write(fd, buf + total, count - total);
-    if (rc < 0)
-      perror_die("write");
-    else if (rc == 0)
+    if (rc < 0) {
+      perror("write");
+      return -1;
+    } else if (rc == 0) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "write: EOF\n");
       return total;
-    else
+    } else
       total += rc;
   }
 
@@ -125,8 +127,10 @@
   socket_set_blocking(fd, false);
 
   rc = connect(fd, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen);
-  if (rc < 0 && errno != EINPROGRESS)
-    perror_die("connect");
+  if (rc < 0 && errno != EINPROGRESS) {
+    perror("connect");
+    return -1;
+  }
 
   if (rc != 0) {
     FD_ZERO(&writeset);
@@ -136,7 +140,8 @@
 
     rc = select(fd + 1, NULL, &writeset, NULL, &timeout);
     if (rc < 0) {
-      perror_die("select");
+      perror("connect-select");
+      return -1;
     } else if (rc == 0) {
       /* timeout */
       return -1;
@@ -156,27 +161,24 @@
 
 ssize_t read_timeout(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, int timeout_ms)
 {
-  fd_set readset, exceptset;
+  fd_set readset;
   struct timeval timeout;
   int rc;
 
   FD_ZERO(&readset);
   FD_SET(fd, &readset);
-  exceptset = readset;
   timeout.tv_sec = timeout_ms / 1000;
   timeout.tv_usec = (timeout_ms % 1000) * 1000;
 
-  rc = select(fd + 1, &readset, NULL, &exceptset, &timeout);
+  rc = select(fd + 1, &readset, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
   if (rc < 0) {
-    perror_die("select");
+    perror("select");
+    return -1;
   } else if (rc == 0) {
-    /* timeout */
-    return 0;
+    fprintf(stderr, "select: timed out\n");
+    return -1;
   }
 
-  if (FD_ISSET(fd, &exceptset))
-    return 0;
-
   return read(fd, buf, count);
 }
 
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@
 
   rc = xwrite(fd, HTTP_REQUEST, sizeof(HTTP_REQUEST));
   if (rc < (ssize_t)sizeof(HTTP_REQUEST))
-    perror_die("write");
+    goto err;
 
   rc = read_timeout(fd, http_response, sizeof(http_response), TIMEOUT_MS);
   if (rc < 0)
@@ -223,6 +225,9 @@
   int bad;
   int rc;
 
+  // In case we get stuck in one of the blocking syscalls (write, read, etc)
+  alarm(60);
+
   memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
   hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
   hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
@@ -241,8 +246,11 @@
     int fd;
 
     fd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
-    if (fd < 0)
-      perror_die("socket");
+    if (fd < 0) {
+      perror("socket");
+      bad = 1;
+      continue;
+    }
 
     rc = do_http_request(fd, res);
     if (rc != 0)
diff --git a/cmds/host-test-dialcheck.sh b/cmds/host-test-dialcheck.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2eb8a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/host-test-dialcheck.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+. ./wvtest/wvtest.sh
+
+PORTFILE="/tmp/dialcheck.test.$$.port"
+OUTFILE="/tmp/dialcheck.test.$$.output"
+
+WVSTART "dialcheck test"
+
+rm -f "$PORTFILE" "$OUTFILE"
+python ./dialcheck-test-server.py "$PORTFILE" &
+for i in $(seq 50); do if [ ! -f "$PORTFILE" ]; then sleep 0.1; fi; done
+
+port=$(cat "$PORTFILE")
+# Dial response will come from the IP address of the builder.
+WVPASS ./host-dialcheck -t "$port" >"$OUTFILE"
+WVPASS grep "DIAL responses from: " "$OUTFILE"
+rm -f "$PORTFILE" "$OUTFILE"
diff --git a/cmds/hostnamelookup.gperf b/cmds/hostnamelookup.gperf
index 5c3526f..afe272e 100644
--- a/cmds/hostnamelookup.gperf
+++ b/cmds/hostnamelookup.gperf
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 Joey_WiFi%1,3,6,12,15,28,42| "DISH Networks Joey", "Joey"
 LGSmartTV%252,3,42,15,6,1,12| "LG Smart TV", "LG Smart TV"
 LGwebOSTV%252,3,42,15,6,1,12| "LG Smart TV", "LG Smart TV"
+Lutron-| "Lutron Caséta", "Lutron Caséta"
 MyBookLive%1,28,2,3,15,6,119,12,44,47,26,121| "WD My Book Live", "My Book Live"
 NP-20| "Roku", "Netflix Player"
 NP-C0| "Roku", "Roku HD 1100"
diff --git a/cmds/statcatcher.cc b/cmds/statcatcher.cc
index f8f270c..64db2b6 100644
--- a/cmds/statcatcher.cc
+++ b/cmds/statcatcher.cc
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "device_stats.pb.h"
 
-std::string multicast_addr = "FF30::8000:1";
+std::string multicast_addr = "FF12::8000:1";
 const char *optstring = "i:f:";
 std::string interface = "wan0";
 std::string stat_file;
@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@
     if (recvsize < 0) {
       perror("Failed to receive data on socket.\n");
       exit(1);
+    } else {
+      fprintf(stderr, "received %d bytes\n", recvsize);
     }
     pkt.resize(recvsize);
 
diff --git a/cmds/statpitcher.cc b/cmds/statpitcher.cc
index 7e1b989..412be5d 100644
--- a/cmds/statpitcher.cc
+++ b/cmds/statpitcher.cc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #define GOOG_PROTOCOL 0x8930
 #define STAT_INTERVAL 60
 
-std::string multicast_addr = "FF30::8000:1";
+std::string multicast_addr = "FF12::8000:1";
 
 uint8_t mc_mac[] = { 0x01, 0x00, 0x5e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01 };
 const char *optstring = "s:i:a:";
diff --git a/cmds/test-castcheck.sh b/cmds/test-castcheck.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7aa3be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/test-castcheck.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+. ./wvtest/wvtest.sh
+
+WVSTART "castcheck test"
+CASTCHECK="./castcheck -a ./avahi-browse-fake.sh"
+
+WVPASSEQ "$($CASTCHECK)" "Cast responses from: 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3"
diff --git a/cmds/test-dhcpnametax.sh b/cmds/test-dhcpnametax.sh
index 73be720..a9455dc 100755
--- a/cmds/test-dhcpnametax.sh
+++ b/cmds/test-dhcpnametax.sh
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 WVPASSEQ "$($TAX -l label -d 1,3,6,12,15,28,40,41,42 -h DIRECTV-H21-01234567)" "name label DirecTV;H21"
 WVPASSEQ "$($TAX -l label -d 1,3,6,12,15,28,42 -h DIRECTV-HR22-01234567)" "name label DirecTV;HR22"
 WVPASSEQ "$($TAX -l label -d 1,28,2,3,15,6,119,12,44,47,26,121,42 -h 500-cc04b40XXXXX)" "name label Select Comfort SleepIQ;SleepIQ"
+WVPASSEQ "$($TAX -l label -d 1,121,33,3,6,12,15,28,42,51,54,58,59,119 -h Lutron-012a34bcde56)" "name label Lutron Caséta;Lutron Caséta"
 
 # check invalid or missing arguments.
 WVFAIL $TAX
diff --git a/conman/connection_manager.py b/conman/connection_manager.py
index 13ceb1e..e6299f0 100755
--- a/conman/connection_manager.py
+++ b/conman/connection_manager.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import json
 import logging
 import os
+import random
 import re
 import subprocess
 import time
@@ -22,9 +23,6 @@
 import iw
 import status
 
-GFIBER_OUIS = ['f4:f5:e8']
-VENDOR_IE_FEATURE_ID_AUTOPROVISIONING = '01'
-
 
 class FileChangeHandler(pyinotify.ProcessEvent):
   """Connects pyinotify events to ConnectionManager."""
@@ -203,7 +201,8 @@
                moca_tmp_dir='/tmp/cwmp/monitoring/moca2',
                wpa_control_interface='/var/run/wpa_supplicant',
                run_duration_s=1, interface_update_period=5,
-               wifi_scan_period_s=120, wlan_retry_s=15, acs_update_wait_s=10):
+               wifi_scan_period_s=120, wlan_retry_s=15, acs_update_wait_s=10,
+               bssid_cycle_length_s=30):
 
     self._tmp_dir = tmp_dir
     self._config_dir = config_dir
@@ -216,6 +215,7 @@
     self._wifi_scan_period_s = wifi_scan_period_s
     self._wlan_retry_s = wlan_retry_s
     self._acs_update_wait_s = acs_update_wait_s
+    self._bssid_cycle_length_s = bssid_cycle_length_s
     self._wlan_configuration = {}
     self._try_to_upload_logs = False
 
@@ -660,20 +660,19 @@
     subprocess.call(self.IFUP + [wifi.name])
     # /bin/wifi takes a --band option but then finds the right interface for it,
     # so it's okay to just pick the first band here.
-    with_ie, without_ie = self._find_bssids(wifi.bands[0])
+    items = self._find_bssids(wifi.bands[0])
     logging.info('Done scanning on %s', wifi.name)
-    items = [(bss_info, 3) for bss_info in with_ie]
-    items += [(bss_info, 1) for bss_info in without_ie]
-    wifi.cycler = cycler.AgingPriorityCycler(cycle_length_s=30, items=items)
+    if not hasattr(wifi, 'cycler'):
+      wifi.cycler = cycler.AgingPriorityCycler(
+          cycle_length_s=self._bssid_cycle_length_s)
+    # Shuffle items to undefined determinism in scan results + dict
+    # implementation unfairly biasing BSSID order.
+    random.shuffle(items)
+    wifi.cycler.update(items)
 
   def _find_bssids(self, band):
-    def supports_autoprovisioning(oui, vendor_ie):
-      if oui not in GFIBER_OUIS:
-        return False
-
-      return vendor_ie.startswith(VENDOR_IE_FEATURE_ID_AUTOPROVISIONING)
-
-    return iw.find_bssids(band, supports_autoprovisioning, False)
+    """Wrapper used as a unit testing seam."""
+    return iw.find_bssids(band, False)
 
   def _try_next_bssid(self, wifi):
     """Attempt to connect to the next BSSID in wifi's BSSID cycler.
diff --git a/conman/connection_manager_test.py b/conman/connection_manager_test.py
index f343d7f..1616174 100755
--- a/conman/connection_manager_test.py
+++ b/conman/connection_manager_test.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import os
 import shutil
 import tempfile
+import time
 
 import connection_manager
 import interface_test
@@ -545,6 +546,7 @@
                               run_duration_s=run_duration_s,
                               interface_update_period=interface_update_period,
                               wifi_scan_period_s=wifi_scan_period_s,
+                              bssid_cycle_length_s=0.05,
                               **cm_kwargs)
 
         c.test_interface_update_period = interface_update_period
@@ -815,8 +817,11 @@
   wvtest.WVFAIL(c.wifi_for_band(band).acs())
 
   c.can_connect_to_s2 = True
-  # Give it time to try all BSSIDs.
-  for _ in range(3):
+  # Give it time to try all BSSIDs.  This means sleeping long enough that
+  # everything in the cycler is active, then doing n+1 loops (the n+1st loop is
+  # when we decided that the SSID in the nth loop was successful).
+  time.sleep(c._bssid_cycle_length_s)
+  for _ in range(len(c.wifi_for_band(band).cycler) + 1):
     c.run_once()
   s2_bss = iw.BssInfo('01:23:45:67:89:ab', 's2')
   wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.wifi_for_band(band).last_successful_bss_info, s2_bss)
@@ -965,8 +970,8 @@
   # The next 2.4 GHz scan will have results.
   c.interface_with_scan_results = c.wifi_for_band('2.4').name
   c.run_until_scan('2.4')
-  # Now run 3 cycles, so that s2 will have been tried.
-  for _ in range(3):
+  # Now run for enough cycles that s2 will have been tried.
+  for _ in range(len(c.wifi_for_band('2.4').cycler)):
     c.run_once()
   c.run_until_interface_update()
   wvtest.WVPASS(c.acs())
@@ -1056,10 +1061,10 @@
   wvtest.WVFAIL(c.wifi_for_band('2.4').current_route())
   wvtest.WVFAIL(c.wifi_for_band('5').current_route())
 
-  # The 2.4 GHz scan will have results that will lead to ACS access.
+  # The scan will have results that will lead to ACS access.
   c.interface_with_scan_results = c.wifi_for_band('2.4').name
   c.run_until_scan('5')
-  for _ in range(3):
+  for _ in range(len(c.wifi_for_band('2.4').cycler)):
     c.run_once()
   c.run_until_interface_update()
   wvtest.WVPASS(c.acs())
diff --git a/conman/cycler.py b/conman/cycler.py
index ff65bfc..23f2ce4 100755
--- a/conman/cycler.py
+++ b/conman/cycler.py
@@ -27,9 +27,10 @@
       queue after being automatically reinserted.
       items: Initial items for the queue, as tuples of (item, priority).
     """
-    t = time.time()
-    self._items = {item: [priority, t] for item, priority in items}
     self._min_time_in_queue_s = cycle_length_s
+    self._items = {}
+    if items:
+      self.update(items)
 
   def empty(self):
     return not self._items
@@ -79,3 +80,23 @@
 
     return result
 
+  def update(self, items):
+    """Update to the given items, adding new ones and removing old ones.
+
+    Args:
+      items:  An iterable of (item, priority).
+    """
+    now = time.time()
+    new_items = {}
+    for item, priority in items:
+      t = now
+      existing = self._items.get(item, None)
+      if existing:
+        t = existing[1]
+      new_items[item] = [priority, t]
+
+    self._items = new_items
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    return len(self._items)
+
diff --git a/conman/cycler_test.py b/conman/cycler_test.py
index c4e498b..de1e6c0 100755
--- a/conman/cycler_test.py
+++ b/conman/cycler_test.py
@@ -20,26 +20,40 @@
   # We should get all three in order, since they all have the same insertion
   # time.  They will all get slightly different insertion times, but next()
   # should be fast enough that the differences don't make much difference.
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.peek() == 'A')
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() == 'A')
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() == 'B')
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() == 'C')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.peek(), 'A')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'A')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'B')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'C')
   wvtest.WVPASS(c.peek() is None)
   wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() is None)
   wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() is None)
 
   # Now, wait for items to be ready again and just cycle one of them.
   time.sleep(cycle_length_s)
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() == 'A')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'A')
 
   # Now, if we wait 1.9 cycles, the aged priorities will be as follows:
   # A: 0.9 * 10 = 9
   # B: 1.9 * 5 = 9.5
   # C: 1.9 * 1 = 1.9
   time.sleep(cycle_length_s * 1.9)
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() == 'B')
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() == 'A')
-  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() == 'C')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'B')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'A')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'C')
+
+  # Update c, keeping A as-is, removing B, updating C's priority, and adding D.
+  # Sleep for two cycles.  After the first cycle, D has priority 20 and A and C
+  # have priority 0 (since we just cycled them).  After the second cycle, the
+  # priorities are as follows:
+  # A: 1 * 10 = 10
+  # C: 1 * 20 = 20
+  # D: 2 * 20 = 40
+  c.update((('A', 10), ('C', 20), ('D', 20)))
+  time.sleep(cycle_length_s * 2)
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'D')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'C')
+  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(c.next(), 'A')
+  wvtest.WVPASS(c.next() is None)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   wvtest.wvtest_main()
diff --git a/conman/interface.py b/conman/interface.py
index 82d1506..7e37306 100755
--- a/conman/interface.py
+++ b/conman/interface.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 """Models wired and wireless interfaces."""
 
-import json
 import logging
 import os
 import re
@@ -443,7 +442,7 @@
         if event == 'CONNECTED':
           self.wpa_supplicant = True
         elif event in ('DISCONNECTED', 'TERMINATING', 'ASSOC-REJECT',
-                       'AUTH-REJECT'):
+                       'SSID-TEMP-DISABLED', 'AUTH-REJECT'):
           self.wpa_supplicant = False
           if event == 'TERMINATING':
             self.detach_wpa_control()
@@ -479,27 +478,7 @@
     self._events = []
 
   def _qcsapi(self, *command):
-    try:
-      return subprocess.check_output(['qcsapi'] + list(command)).strip()
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-      return None
-
-  def _wifiinfo_filename(self):
-    return os.path.join(self.WIFIINFO_PATH, self._interface)
-
-  def _get_wifiinfo(self):
-    try:
-      return json.load(open(self._wifiinfo_filename()))
-    except IOError:
-      return None
-
-  def _get_ssid(self):
-    wifiinfo = self._get_wifiinfo()
-    if wifiinfo:
-      return wifiinfo.get('SSID')
-
-  def _check_client_mode(self):
-    return self._qcsapi('get_mode', 'wifi0') == 'Station'
+    return subprocess.check_output(['qcsapi'] + list(command)).strip()
 
   def attach(self):
     self._update()
@@ -517,9 +496,13 @@
 
   def _update(self):
     """Generate and cache events, update state."""
-    client_mode = self._check_client_mode()
-    ssid = self._get_ssid()
-    status = self._qcsapi('get_status', 'wifi0')
+    try:
+      client_mode = self._qcsapi('get_mode', 'wifi0') == 'Station'
+      ssid = self._qcsapi('get_ssid', 'wifi0')
+      status = self._qcsapi('get_status', 'wifi0')
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+      # If QCSAPI failed, skip update.
+      return
 
     # If we have an SSID and are in client mode, and at least one of those is
     # new, then we have just connected.
@@ -537,7 +520,7 @@
     # return 'Error', we are probably not connected, and we don't do anything
     # special with auth/assoc failures specifically.
     if client_mode and status == 'Error' and self._status != 'Error':
-      self._events.append('<2>CTRL-EVENT-AUTH-REJECT')
+      self._events.append('<2>CTRL-EVENT-SSID-TEMP-DISABLED')
 
     # If we left client mode, wpa_supplicant has terminated.
     if self._client_mode and not client_mode:
diff --git a/conman/interface_test.py b/conman/interface_test.py
index 4283a2a..4c7d52b 100755
--- a/conman/interface_test.py
+++ b/conman/interface_test.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 """Tests for connection_manager.py."""
 
-import json
 import logging
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -199,16 +198,15 @@
 
   def add_connected_event(self):
     self.fake_qcsapi['get_mode'] = 'Station'
-    json.dump({'SSID': self.ssid_testonly},
-              open(self._wifiinfo_filename(), 'w'))
+    self.fake_qcsapi['get_ssid'] = self.ssid_testonly
 
   def add_disconnected_event(self):
     self.ssid_testonly = None
-    json.dump({'SSID': ''}, open(self._wifiinfo_filename(), 'w'))
+    self.fake_qcsapi['get_ssid'] = None
 
   def add_terminating_event(self):
     self.ssid_testonly = None
-    json.dump({'SSID': ''}, open(self._wifiinfo_filename(), 'w'))
+    self.fake_qcsapi['get_ssid'] = None
     self.fake_qcsapi['get_mode'] = 'AP'
 
   def detach(self):
diff --git a/conman/iw.py b/conman/iw.py
index 300c3e2..fd56e32 100755
--- a/conman/iw.py
+++ b/conman/iw.py
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@
     return ''
 
 
+GFIBER_OUIS = ['f4:f5:e8']
+VENDOR_IE_FEATURE_ID_AUTOPROVISIONING = '01'
+
+
 _BSSID_RE = r'BSS (?P<BSSID>([0-9a-f]{2}:?){6})\(on .*\)'
 _SSID_RE = r'SSID: (?P<SSID>.*)'
+_RSSI_RE = r'signal: (?P<RSSI>.*) dBm'
 _VENDOR_IE_RE = (r'Vendor specific: OUI (?P<OUI>([0-9a-f]{2}:?){3}), '
                  'data:(?P<data>( [0-9a-f]{2})+)')
 
@@ -26,15 +31,17 @@
 class BssInfo(object):
   """Contains info about a BSS, parsed from 'iw scan'."""
 
-  def __init__(self, bssid='', ssid='', security=None, vendor_ies=None):
+  def __init__(self, bssid='', ssid='', rssi=-100, security=None,
+               vendor_ies=None):
     self.bssid = bssid
     self.ssid = ssid
+    self.rssi = rssi
     self.vendor_ies = vendor_ies or []
     self.security = security or []
 
   def __attrs(self):
     return (self.bssid, self.ssid, tuple(sorted(self.vendor_ies)),
-            tuple(sorted(self.security)))
+            tuple(sorted(self.security)), self.rssi)
 
   def __eq__(self, other):
     # pylint: disable=protected-access
@@ -70,6 +77,10 @@
     if match:
       bss_info.ssid = match.group('SSID')
       continue
+    match = re.match(_RSSI_RE, line)
+    if match:
+      bss_info.rssi = float(match.group('RSSI'))
+      continue
     match = re.match(_VENDOR_IE_RE, line)
     if match:
       bss_info.vendor_ies.append((match.group('OUI'),
@@ -88,22 +99,20 @@
   return result
 
 
-def find_bssids(band, vendor_ie_function, include_secure):
+def find_bssids(band, include_secure):
   """Return information about interesting access points.
 
   Args:
     band:  The band on which to scan.
-    vendor_ie_function:  A function that takes a vendor IE and returns a bool.
     include_secure:  Whether to exclude secure networks.
 
   Returns:
-    Two lists of tuples of the form (SSID, BSSID info dict).  The first list has
-    BSSIDs which have a vendor IE accepted by vendor_ie_function, and the second
-    list has those which don't.
+    A list of (BSSID, priority) tuples, prioritizing BSSIDs with the GFiber
+    provisioning vendor IE > GFiber APs > other APs, and by RSSI within each
+    group.
   """
   parsed = scan_parsed(band)
-  result_with_ie = set()
-  result_without_ie = set()
+  bssids = set()
 
   for bss_info in parsed:
     if bss_info.security and not include_secure:
@@ -121,11 +130,16 @@
     if not bss_info.ssid and not bss_info.vendor_ies:
       bss_info.ssid = DEFAULT_GFIBERSETUP_SSID
 
-    for oui, data in bss_info.vendor_ies:
-      if vendor_ie_function(oui, data):
-        result_with_ie.add(bss_info)
-        break
-    else:
-      result_without_ie.add(bss_info)
+    bssids.add(bss_info)
 
-  return result_with_ie, result_without_ie
+  return [(bss_info, _bssid_priority(bss_info)) for bss_info in bssids]
+
+
+def _bssid_priority(bss_info):
+  result = 4 if bss_info.bssid[:8] in GFIBER_OUIS else 2
+  for oui, data in bss_info.vendor_ies:
+    if (oui in GFIBER_OUIS and
+        data.startswith(VENDOR_IE_FEATURE_ID_AUTOPROVISIONING)):
+      result = 5
+
+  return result + (100 + (max(bss_info.rssi, -100))) / 100.0
diff --git a/conman/iw_test.py b/conman/iw_test.py
index 3f80d6c..3bb3cf7 100755
--- a/conman/iw_test.py
+++ b/conman/iw_test.py
@@ -551,6 +551,7 @@
      * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
      * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
   Vendor specific: OUI 00:11:22, data: 01 23 45 67
+  Vendor specific: OUI f4:f5:e8, data: 01
   Vendor specific: OUI f4:f5:e8, data: 03 47 46 69 62 65 72 53 65 74 75 70 41 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e
 BSS f4:f5:e8:f1:36:43(on wcli0)
   TSF: 12499150000 usec (0d, 03:28:19)
@@ -629,49 +630,55 @@
 def find_bssids_test():
   """Test iw.find_bssids."""
   test_ie = ('00:11:22', '01 23 45 67')
+  provisioning_ie = ('f4:f5:e8', '01')
   ssid_ie = (
       'f4:f5:e8',
       '03 47 46 69 62 65 72 53 65 74 75 70 41 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e',
   )
   short_scan_result = iw.BssInfo(ssid='short scan result',
                                  bssid='00:23:97:57:f4:d8',
+                                 rssi=-60,
                                  security=['WEP'],
                                  vendor_ies=[test_ie])
   provisioning_bss_info = iw.BssInfo(ssid=iw.DEFAULT_GFIBERSETUP_SSID,
                                      bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:36:42',
-                                     vendor_ies=[test_ie, ssid_ie])
+                                     rssi=-66,
+                                     vendor_ies=[test_ie, provisioning_ie,
+                                                 ssid_ie])
   provisioning_bss_info_frenzy = iw.BssInfo(ssid=iw.DEFAULT_GFIBERSETUP_SSID,
-                                            bssid='f4:f5:e8:f1:36:43')
-
-  with_ie, without_ie = iw.find_bssids('wcli0', lambda o, d: o == '00:11:22',
-                                       True)
-
-  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(with_ie, set([short_scan_result, provisioning_bss_info]))
+                                            bssid='f4:f5:e8:f1:36:43',
+                                            rssi=-66)
 
   wvtest.WVPASSEQ(
-      without_ie,
-      set([provisioning_bss_info_frenzy,
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:36:41'),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:3a:e1'),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:35:61'),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:36:40',
-                      security=['WPA2']),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:3a:e0',
-                      security=['WPA2']),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:35:60',
-                      security=['WPA2']),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:02:a0',
-                      security=['WPA2'])]))
+      set(iw.find_bssids('wcli0', True)),
+      set([(short_scan_result, 2.4),
+           (provisioning_bss_info, 5.34),
+           (provisioning_bss_info_frenzy, 4.34),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:36:41', rssi=-67),
+            2.33),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:3a:e1', rssi=-65),
+            2.35),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:35:61', rssi=-38),
+            2.62),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:36:40', rssi=-66,
+                       security=['WPA2']), 2.34),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:3a:e0', rssi=-55,
+                       security=['WPA2']), 2.45),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:35:60', rssi=-39,
+                       security=['WPA2']), 2.61),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='Google', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:02:a0', rssi=-54,
+                       security=['WPA2']), 2.46)]))
 
-  with_ie, without_ie = iw.find_bssids('wcli0', lambda o, d: o == '00:11:22',
-                                       False)
-  wvtest.WVPASSEQ(with_ie, set([provisioning_bss_info]))
   wvtest.WVPASSEQ(
-      without_ie,
-      set([provisioning_bss_info_frenzy,
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:36:41'),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:3a:e1'),
-           iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:35:61')]))
+      set(iw.find_bssids('wcli0', False)),
+      set([(provisioning_bss_info, 5.34),
+           (provisioning_bss_info_frenzy, 4.34),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:36:41', rssi=-67),
+            2.33),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:3a:e1', rssi=-65),
+            2.35),
+           (iw.BssInfo(ssid='GoogleGuest', bssid='94:b4:0f:f1:35:61', rssi=-38),
+            2.62)]))
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   wvtest.wvtest_main()
diff --git a/craftui/.gitignore b/craftui/.gitignore
index 5d9b5ae..7dd7a03 100644
--- a/craftui/.gitignore
+++ b/craftui/.gitignore
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 *.pyo
 *.swp
 .started
-.sim.extracted
-sim
+.sim1.extracted
+.sim2.extracted
+sim1
+sim2
 LOG
 tmp-certs
diff --git a/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed b/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed
index 0bfd11f..131bf6d 100644
--- a/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed
+++ b/craftui/HOW.restart_if_changed
@@ -4,21 +4,25 @@
 
 export PATH="$(pwd)/../../../../out.gfch100_defconfig/host/usr/bin:$PATH"
 
-pid=
+pid1=
+pid2=
 
 restart() {
-  [ -n "$pid" ] && kill $pid
+  [ -n "$pid1" ] && kill $pid1
+  [ -n "$pid2" ] && kill $pid2
   echo "######################################################################"
   echo "# starting craftui"
-  gpylint *.py
   make test
   ./craftui &
-  pid=$!
+  pid1=$!
+  ./craftui -2 &
+  pid2=$!
   touch .started
 }
 
 onExit() {
-  [ -n "$pid" ] && kill $pid
+  [ -n "$pid1" ] && kill $pid1
+  [ -n "$pid2" ] && kill $pid2
   exit 1
 }
 
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@
 restart
 
 while sleep 1; do
-  if ! kill -0 $pid; then
+  if ! kill -0 $pid1 || ! kill -0 $pid2; then
     restart
     continue
   fi
diff --git a/craftui/HOW.updatesim b/craftui/HOW.updatesim
index d5f2e6a..00d1b8e 100644
--- a/craftui/HOW.updatesim
+++ b/craftui/HOW.updatesim
@@ -1,27 +1,36 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 
-ssh chimera '
-	rm -rf /tmp/sim;
-	mkdir -p /tmp/sim/proc && cat /proc/uptime > /tmp/sim/proc/uptime;
-	for n in /sys/class/net/*/statistics/*; do
-		mkdir -p /tmp/sim/$(dirname $n);
-		test ! -d $n && cat $n > /tmp/sim/$n;
-	done;
-	ip -o -d link > /tmp/sim/ip.link.txt;
-	ip -o addr > /tmp/sim/ip.addr.txt;
-	presterastats > /tmp/sim/presterastats.json;
-	'
+for suffix in 1 2; do
 
-ssh chimera cd / "&&" tar czf - -C / \
-	config/settings \
-	etc/platform \
-	etc/serial \
-	etc/softwaredate \
-	etc/version \
-	tmp/glaukus \
-	tmp/serial \
-	tmp/ssl \
-	tmp/platform \
-	tmp/gpio \
-	tmp/sim \
-	> sim.tgz
+	ssh chimera$suffix '
+		rm -rf /tmp/sim;
+		mkdir -p /tmp/sim/proc && cat /proc/uptime > /tmp/sim/proc/uptime;
+		for n in /sys/class/net/*/statistics/*; do
+			mkdir -p /tmp/sim/$(dirname $n);
+			test ! -d $n && cat $n > /tmp/sim/$n;
+		done;
+		ip -o -d link > /tmp/sim/ip.link.txt;
+		ip -o addr > /tmp/sim/ip.addr.txt;
+		presterastats > /tmp/sim/presterastats.json;
+		for n in adc rxrrc rxslicer dac; do
+			curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/modem/iq/$n > /tmp/glaukus/$n.json
+		done
+		'
+
+	ssh chimera$suffix cd / "&&" tar czf - -C / \
+		config/settings \
+		etc/platform \
+		etc/serial \
+		etc/softwaredate \
+		etc/version \
+		tmp/glaukus \
+		tmp/serial \
+		tmp/ssl \
+		tmp/platform \
+		tmp/gpio \
+		tmp/cpss_ready \
+		tmp/peer-"*" \
+		tmp/sim \
+		> sim$suffix.tgz
+
+done
diff --git a/craftui/Makefile b/craftui/Makefile
index 782ca22..f196e8d 100644
--- a/craftui/Makefile
+++ b/craftui/Makefile
@@ -4,25 +4,29 @@
 BINDIR=$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
 WWWDIR=$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/usr/craftui
 PYTHON?=python
+PY=$(wildcard *.py)
+
+SKIPPY=png.py
+LINTPY=$(filter-out $(SKIPPY), $(PY))
 
 all:
 
 install:
 	mkdir -p $(BINDIR) $(WWWDIR)
-	cp craftui craftui.py $(BINDIR)
+	cp craftui craftui.py png.py $(BINDIR)
 	cp -rp www $(WWWDIR)
 
 install-libs:
 	@echo "No libs to install."
 
-.sim.extracted: sim.tgz
-	-chmod -R +w sim
-	rm -rf sim
-	rsync -av sim-tools/ sim
-	tar xf sim.tgz -C sim
+.sim%.extracted: sim%.tgz
+	-chmod -R +w sim$*
+	rm -rf sim$*
+	rsync -av sim-tools/ sim$*
+	tar xf sim$*.tgz -C sim$*
 	touch $@
 
-test: .sim.extracted lint
+test: .sim1.extracted .sim2.extracted lint
 	set -e; \
 	for n in $(wildcard ./*_test.*); do \
 		echo; \
@@ -34,4 +38,4 @@
 	rm -rf *.pyc
 
 lint:
-	for n in *.py; do gpylint $$n || exit 1; done
+	for n in $(LINTPY); do gpylint $$n || exit 1; done
diff --git a/craftui/craftui b/craftui/craftui
index 527eba7..9d2a17a 100755
--- a/craftui/craftui
+++ b/craftui/craftui
@@ -7,15 +7,22 @@
 
 # in developer environment if vendor/google/catawapus is above us
 if [ -d "$devcw" ]; then
-  isdev=1
+  sim=1
+fi
+
+if [ -n "$sim" ] && [ "$1" = "-2" ]; then
+  sim=2
+  shift
 fi
 
 # if running from developer desktop, use simulated data
-if [ "$isdev" = 1 ]; then
+if [ -n "$sim" ]; then
   cw="$devcw"
-  args="$args --http-port=8888 --https-port=8889 --sim=./sim"
+  args="$args --http-port=$((8888+2*($sim-1)))"
+  args="$args --https-port=$((8889+2*($sim-1)))"
+  args="$args --sim=./sim$sim"
   pycode=./craftui_fortesting.py
-  export PATH="$PWD/sim/bin:$PATH"
+  export PATH="$PWD/sim1/bin:$PATH"
 fi
 
 # for debugging on the device, use the local (/tmp/www?) web tree
@@ -32,13 +39,6 @@
     continue
   fi
 
-  # enable https
-  if [ "$1" = -S ]; then
-    httpsmode="-S"
-    shift
-    continue
-  fi
-
   echo "$0: '$1': unknown command line option" >&2
   exit 1
 done
diff --git a/craftui/craftui.py b/craftui/craftui.py
index 10f5e91..f726bf2 100755
--- a/craftui/craftui.py
+++ b/craftui/craftui.py
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 import json
 import os
 import re
+import StringIO
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import urllib2
 import digest
+import png
 import tornado.httpserver
 import tornado.ioloop
 import tornado.web
@@ -251,6 +253,7 @@
 
 class Glaukus(Config):
   """Configure using glaukus json api."""
+  baseurl = 'http://localhost:8080'
 
   def __init__(self, validator, api, fmt):
     super(Glaukus, self).__init__(validator)
@@ -262,7 +265,7 @@
     print 'Glaukus: ', url, payload
 
     try:
-      fd = urllib2.urlopen(url, payload)
+      fd = urllib2.urlopen(url, payload, timeout=2)
     except urllib2.URLError as ex:
       print 'Connection to %s failed: %s' % (url, ex.reason)
       raise ConfigError('failed to contact glaukus')
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@
       raise ConfigError('failed to configure glaukus')
 
   def Configure(self):
-    url = 'http://localhost:8080' + self.api
+    url = self.baseurl + self.api
     payload = self.fmt % self.validator.config
     self.CallJson(url, payload)
 
@@ -288,16 +291,16 @@
 
   def Configure(self):
     enable = self.validator.config
-    if enable:
-      url = '/api/modem/acm'
+    if enable is 'true':
+      url = self.baseurl + '/api/modem/acm'
       payload = '{"rxSensorsEnabled":true,"txSwitchEnabled":true}'
       self.CallJson(url, payload)
     else:
-      url = '/api/modem/acm'
+      url = self.baseurl + '/api/modem/acm'
       payload = '{"rxSensorsEnabled":false,"txSwitchEnabled":false}'
       self.CallJson(url, payload)
 
-      url = '/api/modem/acm/profile'
+      url = self.baseurl + '/api/modem/acm/profile'
       payload = '{"profileIndex":0,"isLocal":true}'
       self.CallJson(url, payload)
 
@@ -381,16 +384,18 @@
       'tx_errors',
       'tx_dropped'
   ]
-  realm = 'gfch100'
 
   def __init__(self, wwwroot, http_port, https_port, sim):
-    """initialize."""
+    """Initialize."""
     self.wwwroot = wwwroot
     self.http_port = http_port
     self.https_port = https_port
     self.sim = sim
     self.data = {}
     self.data['refreshCount'] = 0
+    platform = self.ReadFile(sim + '/etc/platform')
+    serial = self.ReadFile(sim + '/etc/serial')
+    self.realm = '%s-%s' % (platform, serial)
 
   def ApplyChanges(self, changes):
     """Apply changes to system."""
@@ -426,12 +431,54 @@
 
     return text
 
+  def GetValue(self, data, path):
+    """Walk down the dicts to get a value."""
+    keys = path.split('/')
+    v = data
+    for key in keys:
+      if v:
+        v = v.get(key, None)
+    return v
+
+  def AddLeds(self, data):
+    """Add status leds to data."""
+    red = 'red.gif'
+    green = 'green.gif'
+    leds = {
+        'ACS': red,
+        'Switch': red,
+        'Modem': red,
+        'Radio': red,
+        'RSSI': red,
+        'MSE': red,
+        'Peer': red
+    }
+    if self.GetValue(data, 'platform/ledstate') is 'ACSCONTACT':
+      leds['ACS'] = green
+    if self.GetValue(data, 'platform/cpss_ready'):
+      leds['Switch'] = green
+    if self.GetValue(data, 'modem/status/acquireStatus') == 1:
+      leds['Modem'] = green
+    if self.GetValue(data, 'radio/paLnaPowerEnabled'):
+      leds['Radio'] = green
+    rssi = self.GetValue(data, 'radio/rx/rssi')
+    if rssi >= 1500 and rssi <= 2000:
+      leds['RSSI'] = green
+    mse = self.GetValue(data, 'modem/status/normalizedMse')
+    if mse is not None and mse <= -180:
+      leds['MSE'] = green
+    if self.GetValue(data, 'platform/peer_up'):
+      leds['Peer'] = green
+    data['leds'] = leds
+
   def GetData(self):
     """Get system data, return a json string."""
-    pj = self.GetPlatformData()
-    mj = self.GetModemData()
-    rj = self.GetRadioData()
-    js = '{"platform":' + pj + ',"modem":' + mj + ',"radio":' + rj + '}'
+    data = {}
+    data['platform'] = self.GetPlatformData()
+    data['modem'] = self.GetModemData()
+    data['radio'] = self.GetRadioData()
+    self.AddLeds(data)
+    js = json.dumps(data)
     return js
 
   def AddIpAddr(self, data):
@@ -500,7 +547,7 @@
       data[kdata] = vdata
 
   def GetPlatformData(self):
-    """Get platform data, return a json string."""
+    """Get platform data."""
     data = self.data
     sim = self.sim
 
@@ -514,6 +561,7 @@
     data['ledstate'] = self.ReadFile(sim + '/tmp/gpio/ledstate')
     data['cpu_temperature'] = self.ReadFile(sim + '/tmp/gpio/cpu_temperature')
     data['peer_up'] = os.path.exists(sim + '/tmp/peer-up')
+    data['cpss_ready'] = os.path.exists(sim + '/tmp/cpss_ready')
     cs = '/config/settings/'
     data['craft_ipaddr'] = self.ReadFile(sim + cs + 'craft_ipaddr')
     data['link_ipaddr'] = self.ReadFile(sim + cs + 'local_ipaddr')
@@ -525,10 +573,11 @@
     self.AddInterfaceStats(data)
     self.AddSwitchStats(data)
     self.AddVlans(data)
-    return json.dumps(data)
+    return data
 
   def GetModemData(self):
-    """Get modem data, return a json string."""
+    """Get modem data."""
+    data = {}
     response = '{}'
     if self.sim:
       response = self.ReadFile(self.sim + '/tmp/glaukus/modem.json')
@@ -539,10 +588,15 @@
         response = handle.read()
       except urllib2.URLError as ex:
         print 'Connection to %s failed: %s' % (url, ex.reason)
-    return response
+    try:
+      data = json.loads(response)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      print 'json format error: %s' % e
+    return data
 
   def GetRadioData(self):
     """Get radio data, return a json string."""
+    data = {}
     response = '{}'
     if self.sim:
       response = self.ReadFile(self.sim + '/tmp/glaukus/radio.json')
@@ -553,9 +607,59 @@
         response = handle.read()
       except urllib2.URLError as ex:
         print 'Connection to %s failed: %s' % (url, ex.reason)
-    return response
+    try:
+      data = json.loads(response)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      print 'json format error: %s' % e
+    return data
+
+  def GetIQPNG(self, path):
+    """Get IQ points and render as PNG."""
+    response = '[0,0]'
+    if self.sim:
+      response = self.ReadFile(self.sim + '/tmp/glaukus/' + path + '.json')
+    else:
+      try:
+        url = 'http://localhost:8080/api/modem/iq/' + path
+        handle = urllib2.urlopen(url, timeout=2)
+        response = handle.read()
+      except urllib2.URLError as ex:
+        print 'Connection to %s failed: %s' % (url, ex.reason)
+
+    coords = [0, 0]
+    try:
+      coords = json.loads(response)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      print 'json format error: %s' % e
+
+    # owh is original width/height of data (-1200 to 1200)
+    owh = (2400, 2400)
+    # wh is display size (400x400)
+    wh = (400, 400)
+
+    w = png.Writer(size=wh, greyscale=True, bitdepth=1)
+    scanline = int((wh[0] + 7) / 8)
+    rows = [scanline*[0] for i in xrange(0, wh[1])]
+    for i in xrange(0, len(coords) / 2):
+      # data is a series of x,y,x,y,x,y...
+      xy = (coords[i*2], coords[i*2+1])
+      # transform and scale data to display
+      sxy = (int((xy[0] + owh[0]/2 + .5) * wh[0] / owh[0]),
+             int((xy[1] + owh[1]/2 + .5) * wh[1] / owh[1]))
+      if sxy[0] < 0 or sxy[0] >= wh[0] or sxy[1] < 0 or sxy[1] >= wh[1]:
+        continue
+      # set a pixel in the PNG
+      pos = int(sxy[0] / 8)
+      shift = sxy[0] % 8
+      rows[sxy[1]][pos] |= 1 << (7 - shift)
+    f = StringIO.StringIO()
+    w.write_packed(f, rows)
+    image = f.getvalue()
+    f.close()
+    return image
 
   def GetUserCreds(self, user):
+    """Create a dict with the requested password."""
     if user not in ('admin', 'guest'):
       return None
     b64 = self.ReadFile('%s/config/settings/password_%s' % (self.sim, user))
@@ -583,32 +687,110 @@
     """Common class to add args to html template."""
     auth = 'unset'
 
+    def IsProxy(self):
+      """Check if this request was proxied, (ie, we are the peer)."""
+      return self.request.headers.get('craftui-proxy', 0) == '1'
+
+    def IsPeer(self):
+      """Check args to see if this is a request for the peer."""
+      return self.get_argument('peer', default='0') == '1'
+
+    def IsHttps(self):
+      """See if https:// was used."""
+      return (self.request.protocol == 'https' or
+              self.request.headers.get('craftui-https', 0) == '1')
+
     def TemplateArgs(self):
+      """Build template args to dynamically adjust html file."""
+      is_https = self.IsHttps()
+      is_proxy = self.IsProxy()
+
+      peer_arg = '?peer=1'
+
       args = {}
-      args['hidepeer'] = ''
-      args['hidehttps'] = ''
-      args['peer'] = ''
-      if self.request.protocol is 'https':
-        args['hidehttps'] = 'hidden'
-      if self.get_argument('peer', default='0') == '1':
-        args['peer'] = '?peer=1'
-        args['hidepeer'] = 'hidden'
-      print args
+      args['hidden_on_https'] = 'hidden' if is_https else ''
+      args['hidden_on_peer'] = 'hidden' if is_proxy else ''
+      args['shown_on_peer'] = 'hidden' if not is_proxy else ''
+      args['peer_arg'] = peer_arg
+      args['peer_arg_on_peer'] = peer_arg if is_proxy else ''
       return args
 
-    def get(self):
-      ui = self.settings['ui']
-      if self.auth is 'any':
-        if not ui.Authenticate(self):
-          return
-      elif self.auth is 'admin':
-        if not ui.AuthenticateAdmin(self):
-          return
-      elif self.auth is not 'none':
-        raise Exception('unknown authentication type "%s"' % self.auth)
+    def TryProxy(self):
+      """Check if we should proxy this request to the peer."""
+      if not self.IsPeer() or self.IsProxy():
+        return False
+      self.Proxy()
+      return True
 
+    class ErrorHandler(urllib2.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler):
+      """Catch the error, don't raise exception."""
+      error = {}
+
+      def http_error_default(self, req, fd, code, msg, hdrs):
+        self.error = {
+            'request': req,
+            'fd': fd,
+            'code': code,
+            'msg': msg,
+            'hdrs': hdrs
+        }
+
+    def Proxy(self):
+      """Proxy to the peer."""
+      ui = self.settings['ui']
+      r = self.request
+      cs = '/config/settings/'
+      peer_ipaddr = ui.ReadFile(ui.sim + cs + 'peer_ipaddr')
+      peer_ipaddr = re.sub(r'/\d+$', '', peer_ipaddr)
+      if ui.sim:
+        peer_ipaddr = 'localhost:8890'
+      url = 'http://' + peer_ipaddr + r.uri
+      print 'proxy: ', url
+
+      eh = self.ErrorHandler()
+      opener = urllib2.build_opener(eh)
+
+      body = None
+      if r.method == 'POST':
+        body = '' if r.body is None else r.body
+      req = urllib2.Request(url, body, r.headers)
+      req.add_header('CraftUI-Proxy', 1)
+      req.add_header('CraftUI-Https', int(self.IsHttps()))
+      fd = opener.open(req, timeout=2)
+      if eh.error:
+        fd = eh.error['fd']
+        self.set_status(eh.error['code'])
+        hdrs = eh.error['hdrs']
+        for h in hdrs:
+          v = hdrs.get(h)
+          self.set_header(h, v)
+
+      response = fd.read()
+      if response:
+        self.write(response)
+      self.finish()
+
+    def Authenticated(self):
+      """Authenticate the user per the required auth type."""
+      ui = self.settings['ui']
+      if self.auth == 'any':
+        if not ui.Authenticate(self):
+          return False
+      elif self.auth == 'admin':
+        if not ui.AuthenticateAdmin(self):
+          return False
+      elif self.auth != 'none':
+        raise Exception('unknown authentication type "%s"' % self.auth)
+      return True
+
+    def get(self):
+      if self.TryProxy():
+        return
+      if not self.Authenticated():
+        return
+      ui = self.settings['ui']
       path = ui.wwwroot + '/' + self.page + '.thtml'
-      print 'GET %s page' % self.page
+      print '%s %s page (%s)' % (self.request.method, self.page, ui.sim)
       self.render(path, **self.TemplateArgs())
 
   class WelcomeHandler(CraftHandler):
@@ -625,22 +807,29 @@
 
   class JsonHandler(CraftHandler):
     """Provides JSON-formatted content to be displayed in the UI."""
+    page = 'json'
 
     def get(self):
-      ui = self.settings['ui']
-      if not ui.Authenticate(self):
+      if self.TryProxy():
         return
-      print 'GET json data'
+      self.auth = 'any'
+      if not self.Authenticated():
+        return
+      ui = self.settings['ui']
+      print '%s %s page (%s)' % (self.request.method, self.page, ui.sim)
       jsonstring = ui.GetData()
       self.set_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
       self.write(jsonstring)
       self.finish()
 
     def post(self):
-      ui = self.settings['ui']
-      if not ui.AuthenticateAdmin(self):
+      if self.TryProxy():
         return
-      print 'POST JSON data for craft page'
+      self.auth = 'admin'
+      if not self.Authenticated():
+        return
+      ui = self.settings['ui']
+      print '%s %s page (%s)' % (self.request.method, self.page, ui.sim)
       request = self.request.body
       result = {}
       result['error'] = 0
@@ -665,6 +854,29 @@
       self.write(response)
       self.finish()
 
+  class PNGHandler(CraftHandler):
+    """Returns a PNG showing plotted IQ values."""
+    baseurl = 'http://localhost:8080/api/modem/iq/'
+    auth = 'any'
+    page = 'IQ'
+    path = None
+
+    def get(self):
+      if self.TryProxy():
+        return
+      if not self.Authenticated():
+        return
+      ui = self.settings['ui']
+      print '%s %s page (%s)' % (self.request.method, self.page, ui.sim)
+
+      image = ui.GetIQPNG(self.path)
+      self.set_header('Content-Type', 'image/png')
+      self.write(image)
+      self.finish()
+
+  class RXSlicerPNGHandler(PNGHandler):
+    path = 'rxslicer'
+
   def RunUI(self):
     """Create the http redirect and https web server and run forever."""
     sim = self.sim
@@ -674,6 +886,7 @@
         (r'^/status/?$', self.StatusHandler),
         (r'^/config/?$', self.ConfigHandler),
         (r'^/content.json/?$', self.JsonHandler),
+        (r'^/rxslicer.png$', self.RXSlicerPNGHandler),
         (r'^/static/([^/]*)$', tornado.web.StaticFileHandler,
          {'path': self.wwwroot + '/static'}),
     ]
diff --git a/craftui/craftui_test.sh b/craftui/craftui_test.sh
index 5fc11ce..5b71fa9 100755
--- a/craftui/craftui_test.sh
+++ b/craftui/craftui_test.sh
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 onexit() {
   testname "process not running at exit"
-  kill -0 $pid
+  kill -0 $pid1
   check_failure
 
   testname "end of script reached"
@@ -86,15 +86,19 @@
 
   # add a signed cert (using our fake CA)
   sh HOW.cert
-  chmod 750 sim/tmp/ssl/*
-  cp tmp-certs/localhost.pem sim/tmp/ssl/certs/craftui.pem
-  cp tmp-certs/localhost.key sim/tmp/ssl/private/craftui.key
+  for n in sim1 sim2; do
+    chmod 750 $n/tmp/ssl/*
+    cp tmp-certs/localhost.pem $n/tmp/ssl/certs/craftui.pem
+    cp tmp-certs/localhost.key $n/tmp/ssl/private/craftui.key
+  done
 
   ./craftui &
-  pid=$!
+  pid1=$!
+  ./craftui -2 &
+  pid2=$!
 
   testname "process running"
-  kill -0 $pid
+  kill -0 $pid1
   check_success
 
   sleep 1
@@ -225,15 +229,40 @@
     $curl $admin_auth -d "$d" $url/content.json |& grep '"error": 1}'
     check_success
 
+    testname proxy read from peer
+    $curl $admin_auth $url/content.json'?peer=1' |& grep '"platform": "GFCH100"'
+    check_success
+
+    testname proxy write to peer
+    d='{"config":[{"peer_ipaddr":"192.168.99.99/24"}]}'
+    $curl $admin_auth -d $d $url/content.json'?peer=1' |& grep '"error": 0}'
+    check_success
+
+    testname rxslicer
+    $curl $admin_auth $url/rxslicer.png | file - | grep "PNG image data, 400 x 400"
+    check_success
+
+  done
+
+  # verify insecure message is hidden on https and not on http
+  for peer in '' '?peer=1'; do
+    testname http warning $peer
+    $curl http://localhost:$http$peer |& grep 'hidden_on_https value=""'
+    check_success
+
+    testname no https warning $peer
+    $curl https://localhost:$https$peer |& grep 'hidden_on_https value="hidden"'
+    check_success
   done
 
   testname "process still running at end of test sequence"
-  kill -0 $pid
+  kill -0 $pid1
   check_success
 
   # cleanup
   t0=$(date +%s)
-  kill $pid
+  kill $pid1
+  kill $pid2
   wait
   t1=$(date +%s)
   dt=$((t1 - t0))
diff --git a/craftui/png.py b/craftui/png.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b55dd3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/png.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3857 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+# $URL$
+# $Rev$
+
+# png.py - PNG encoder/decoder in pure Python
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Johann C. Rocholl <johann@browsershots.org>
+# Portions Copyright (C) 2009 David Jones <drj@pobox.com>
+# And probably portions Copyright (C) 2006 Nicko van Someren <nicko@nicko.org>
+#
+# Original concept by Johann C. Rocholl.
+#
+# LICENSE (The MIT License)
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+# (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+# and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+# subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+#
+# Changelog (recent first):
+# 2009-03-11 David: interlaced bit depth < 8 (writing).
+# 2009-03-10 David: interlaced bit depth < 8 (reading).
+# 2009-03-04 David: Flat and Boxed pixel formats.
+# 2009-02-26 David: Palette support (writing).
+# 2009-02-23 David: Bit-depths < 8; better PNM support.
+# 2006-06-17 Nicko: Reworked into a class, faster interlacing.
+# 2006-06-17 Johann: Very simple prototype PNG decoder.
+# 2006-06-17 Nicko: Test suite with various image generators.
+# 2006-06-17 Nicko: Alpha-channel, grey-scale, 16-bit/plane support.
+# 2006-06-15 Johann: Scanline iterator interface for large input files.
+# 2006-06-09 Johann: Very simple prototype PNG encoder.
+
+# Incorporated into Bangai-O Development Tools by drj on 2009-02-11 from
+# http://trac.browsershots.org/browser/trunk/pypng/lib/png.py?rev=2885
+
+# Incorporated into pypng by drj on 2009-03-12 from
+# //depot/prj/bangaio/master/code/png.py#67
+
+
+"""
+Pure Python PNG Reader/Writer
+
+This Python module implements support for PNG images (see PNG
+specification at http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/ ). It reads
+and writes PNG files with all allowable bit depths (1/2/4/8/16/24/32/48/64
+bits per pixel) and colour combinations: greyscale (1/2/4/8/16 bit); RGB,
+RGBA, LA (greyscale with alpha) with 8/16 bits per channel; colour mapped
+images (1/2/4/8 bit).  Adam7 interlacing is supported for reading and
+writing.  A number of optional chunks can be specified (when writing)
+and understood (when reading): ``tRNS``, ``bKGD``, ``gAMA``.
+
+For help, type ``import png; help(png)`` in your python interpreter.
+
+A good place to start is the :class:`Reader` and :class:`Writer` classes.
+
+Requires Python 2.3.  Limited support is available for Python 2.2, but
+not everything works.  Best with Python 2.4 and higher.  Installation is
+trivial, but see the ``README.txt`` file (with the source distribution)
+for details.
+
+This file can also be used as a command-line utility to convert
+`Netpbm <http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/>`_ PNM files to PNG, and the reverse conversion from PNG to
+PNM. The interface is similar to that of the ``pnmtopng`` program from
+Netpbm.  Type ``python png.py --help`` at the shell prompt
+for usage and a list of options.
+
+A note on spelling and terminology
+----------------------------------
+
+Generally British English spelling is used in the documentation.  So
+that's "greyscale" and "colour".  This not only matches the author's
+native language, it's also used by the PNG specification.
+
+The major colour models supported by PNG (and hence by PyPNG) are:
+greyscale, RGB, greyscale--alpha, RGB--alpha.  These are sometimes
+referred to using the abbreviations: L, RGB, LA, RGBA.  In this case
+each letter abbreviates a single channel: *L* is for Luminance or Luma or
+Lightness which is the channel used in greyscale images; *R*, *G*, *B* stand
+for Red, Green, Blue, the components of a colour image; *A* stands for
+Alpha, the opacity channel (used for transparency effects, but higher
+values are more opaque, so it makes sense to call it opacity).
+
+A note on formats
+-----------------
+
+When getting pixel data out of this module (reading) and presenting
+data to this module (writing) there are a number of ways the data could
+be represented as a Python value.  Generally this module uses one of
+three formats called "flat row flat pixel", "boxed row flat pixel", and
+"boxed row boxed pixel".  Basically the concern is whether each pixel
+and each row comes in its own little tuple (box), or not.
+
+Consider an image that is 3 pixels wide by 2 pixels high, and each pixel
+has RGB components:
+
+Boxed row flat pixel::
+
+  list([R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B],
+       [R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B])
+
+Each row appears as its own list, but the pixels are flattened so that
+three values for one pixel simply follow the three values for the previous
+pixel.  This is the most common format used, because it provides a good
+compromise between space and convenience.  PyPNG regards itself as
+at liberty to replace any sequence type with any sufficiently compatible
+other sequence type; in practice each row is an array (from the array
+module), and the outer list is sometimes an iterator rather than an
+explicit list (so that streaming is possible).
+
+Flat row flat pixel::
+
+  [R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B,
+   R,G,B, R,G,B, R,G,B]
+
+The entire image is one single giant sequence of colour values.
+Generally an array will be used (to save space), not a list.
+
+Boxed row boxed pixel::
+
+  list([ (R,G,B), (R,G,B), (R,G,B) ],
+       [ (R,G,B), (R,G,B), (R,G,B) ])
+
+Each row appears in its own list, but each pixel also appears in its own
+tuple.  A serious memory burn in Python.
+
+In all cases the top row comes first, and for each row the pixels are
+ordered from left-to-right.  Within a pixel the values appear in the
+order, R-G-B-A (or L-A for greyscale--alpha).
+
+There is a fourth format, mentioned because it is used internally,
+is close to what lies inside a PNG file itself, and has some support
+from the public API.  This format is called packed.  When packed,
+each row is a sequence of bytes (integers from 0 to 255), just as
+it is before PNG scanline filtering is applied.  When the bit depth
+is 8 this is essentially the same as boxed row flat pixel; when the
+bit depth is less than 8, several pixels are packed into each byte;
+when the bit depth is 16 (the only value more than 8 that is supported
+by the PNG image format) each pixel value is decomposed into 2 bytes
+(and `packed` is a misnomer).  This format is used by the
+:meth:`Writer.write_packed` method.  It isn't usually a convenient
+format, but may be just right if the source data for the PNG image
+comes from something that uses a similar format (for example, 1-bit
+BMPs, or another PNG file).
+
+And now, my famous members
+--------------------------
+"""
+
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.2.3/whatsnew/node5.html
+from __future__ import generators
+
+__version__ = "$URL$ $Rev$"
+
+from array import array
+try: # See :pyver:old
+    import itertools
+except:
+    pass
+import math
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-operator.html
+import operator
+import struct
+import sys
+import zlib
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-warnings.html
+import warnings
+try:
+    import pyximport
+    pyximport.install()
+    import cpngfilters as pngfilters
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+__all__ = ['Image', 'Reader', 'Writer', 'write_chunks', 'from_array']
+
+
+# The PNG signature.
+# http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5PNG-file-signature
+_signature = struct.pack('8B', 137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10)
+
+_adam7 = ((0, 0, 8, 8),
+          (4, 0, 8, 8),
+          (0, 4, 4, 8),
+          (2, 0, 4, 4),
+          (0, 2, 2, 4),
+          (1, 0, 2, 2),
+          (0, 1, 1, 2))
+
+def group(s, n):
+    # See
+    # http://www.python.org/doc/2.6/library/functions.html#zip
+    return zip(*[iter(s)]*n)
+
+def isarray(x):
+    """Same as ``isinstance(x, array)`` except on Python 2.2, where it
+    always returns ``False``.  This helps PyPNG work on Python 2.2.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        return isinstance(x, array)
+    except:
+        return False
+
+try:  # see :pyver:old
+    array.tostring
+except:
+    def tostring(row):
+        l = len(row)
+        return struct.pack('%dB' % l, *row)
+else:
+    def tostring(row):
+        """Convert row of bytes to string.  Expects `row` to be an
+        ``array``.
+        """
+        return row.tostring()
+
+# Conditionally convert to bytes.  Works on Python 2 and Python 3.
+try:
+    bytes('', 'ascii')
+    def strtobytes(x): return bytes(x, 'iso8859-1')
+    def bytestostr(x): return str(x, 'iso8859-1')
+except:
+    strtobytes = str
+    bytestostr = str
+
+def interleave_planes(ipixels, apixels, ipsize, apsize):
+    """
+    Interleave (colour) planes, e.g. RGB + A = RGBA.
+
+    Return an array of pixels consisting of the `ipsize` elements of data
+    from each pixel in `ipixels` followed by the `apsize` elements of data
+    from each pixel in `apixels`.  Conventionally `ipixels` and
+    `apixels` are byte arrays so the sizes are bytes, but it actually
+    works with any arrays of the same type.  The returned array is the
+    same type as the input arrays which should be the same type as each other.
+    """
+
+    itotal = len(ipixels)
+    atotal = len(apixels)
+    newtotal = itotal + atotal
+    newpsize = ipsize + apsize
+    # Set up the output buffer
+    # See http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-array.html#l2h-1356
+    out = array(ipixels.typecode)
+    # It's annoying that there is no cheap way to set the array size :-(
+    out.extend(ipixels)
+    out.extend(apixels)
+    # Interleave in the pixel data
+    for i in range(ipsize):
+        out[i:newtotal:newpsize] = ipixels[i:itotal:ipsize]
+    for i in range(apsize):
+        out[i+ipsize:newtotal:newpsize] = apixels[i:atotal:apsize]
+    return out
+
+def check_palette(palette):
+    """Check a palette argument (to the :class:`Writer` class) for validity.
+    Returns the palette as a list if okay; raises an exception otherwise.
+    """
+
+    # None is the default and is allowed.
+    if palette is None:
+        return None
+
+    p = list(palette)
+    if not (0 < len(p) <= 256):
+        raise ValueError("a palette must have between 1 and 256 entries")
+    seen_triple = False
+    for i,t in enumerate(p):
+        if len(t) not in (3,4):
+            raise ValueError(
+              "palette entry %d: entries must be 3- or 4-tuples." % i)
+        if len(t) == 3:
+            seen_triple = True
+        if seen_triple and len(t) == 4:
+            raise ValueError(
+              "palette entry %d: all 4-tuples must precede all 3-tuples" % i)
+        for x in t:
+            if int(x) != x or not(0 <= x <= 255):
+                raise ValueError(
+                  "palette entry %d: values must be integer: 0 <= x <= 255" % i)
+    return p
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    prefix = 'Error'
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.prefix + ': ' + ' '.join(self.args)
+
+class FormatError(Error):
+    """Problem with input file format.  In other words, PNG file does
+    not conform to the specification in some way and is invalid.
+    """
+
+    prefix = 'FormatError'
+
+class ChunkError(FormatError):
+    prefix = 'ChunkError'
+
+
+class Writer:
+    """
+    PNG encoder in pure Python.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, width=None, height=None,
+                 size=None,
+                 greyscale=False,
+                 alpha=False,
+                 bitdepth=8,
+                 palette=None,
+                 transparent=None,
+                 background=None,
+                 gamma=None,
+                 compression=None,
+                 interlace=False,
+                 bytes_per_sample=None, # deprecated
+                 planes=None,
+                 colormap=None,
+                 maxval=None,
+                 chunk_limit=2**20):
+        """
+        Create a PNG encoder object.
+
+        Arguments:
+
+        width, height
+          Image size in pixels, as two separate arguments.
+        size
+          Image size (w,h) in pixels, as single argument.
+        greyscale
+          Input data is greyscale, not RGB.
+        alpha
+          Input data has alpha channel (RGBA or LA).
+        bitdepth
+          Bit depth: from 1 to 16.
+        palette
+          Create a palette for a colour mapped image (colour type 3).
+        transparent
+          Specify a transparent colour (create a ``tRNS`` chunk).
+        background
+          Specify a default background colour (create a ``bKGD`` chunk).
+        gamma
+          Specify a gamma value (create a ``gAMA`` chunk).
+        compression
+          zlib compression level: 0 (none) to 9 (more compressed); default: -1 or None.
+        interlace
+          Create an interlaced image.
+        chunk_limit
+          Write multiple ``IDAT`` chunks to save memory.
+
+        The image size (in pixels) can be specified either by using the
+        `width` and `height` arguments, or with the single `size`
+        argument.  If `size` is used it should be a pair (*width*,
+        *height*).
+
+        `greyscale` and `alpha` are booleans that specify whether
+        an image is greyscale (or colour), and whether it has an
+        alpha channel (or not).
+
+        `bitdepth` specifies the bit depth of the source pixel values.
+        Each source pixel value must be an integer between 0 and
+        ``2**bitdepth-1``.  For example, 8-bit images have values
+        between 0 and 255.  PNG only stores images with bit depths of
+        1,2,4,8, or 16.  When `bitdepth` is not one of these values,
+        the next highest valid bit depth is selected, and an ``sBIT``
+        (significant bits) chunk is generated that specifies the original
+        precision of the source image.  In this case the supplied pixel
+        values will be rescaled to fit the range of the selected bit depth.
+
+        The details of which bit depth / colour model combinations the
+        PNG file format supports directly, are somewhat arcane
+        (refer to the PNG specification for full details).  Briefly:
+        "small" bit depths (1,2,4) are only allowed with greyscale and
+        colour mapped images; colour mapped images cannot have bit depth
+        16.
+
+        For colour mapped images (in other words, when the `palette`
+        argument is specified) the `bitdepth` argument must match one of
+        the valid PNG bit depths: 1, 2, 4, or 8.  (It is valid to have a
+        PNG image with a palette and an ``sBIT`` chunk, but the meaning
+        is slightly different; it would be awkward to press the
+        `bitdepth` argument into service for this.)
+
+        The `palette` option, when specified, causes a colour mapped image
+        to be created: the PNG colour type is set to 3; greyscale
+        must not be set; alpha must not be set; transparent must
+        not be set; the bit depth must be 1,2,4, or 8.  When a colour
+        mapped image is created, the pixel values are palette indexes
+        and the `bitdepth` argument specifies the size of these indexes
+        (not the size of the colour values in the palette).
+
+        The palette argument value should be a sequence of 3- or
+        4-tuples.  3-tuples specify RGB palette entries; 4-tuples
+        specify RGBA palette entries.  If both 4-tuples and 3-tuples
+        appear in the sequence then all the 4-tuples must come
+        before all the 3-tuples.  A ``PLTE`` chunk is created; if there
+        are 4-tuples then a ``tRNS`` chunk is created as well.  The
+        ``PLTE`` chunk will contain all the RGB triples in the same
+        sequence; the ``tRNS`` chunk will contain the alpha channel for
+        all the 4-tuples, in the same sequence.  Palette entries
+        are always 8-bit.
+
+        If specified, the `transparent` and `background` parameters must
+        be a tuple with three integer values for red, green, blue, or
+        a simple integer (or singleton tuple) for a greyscale image.
+
+        If specified, the `gamma` parameter must be a positive number
+        (generally, a float).  A ``gAMA`` chunk will be created.  Note that
+        this will not change the values of the pixels as they appear in
+        the PNG file, they are assumed to have already been converted
+        appropriately for the gamma specified.
+
+        The `compression` argument specifies the compression level to
+        be used by the ``zlib`` module.  Values from 1 to 9 specify
+        compression, with 9 being "more compressed" (usually smaller
+        and slower, but it doesn't always work out that way).  0 means
+        no compression.  -1 and ``None`` both mean that the default
+        level of compession will be picked by the ``zlib`` module
+        (which is generally acceptable).
+
+        If `interlace` is true then an interlaced image is created
+        (using PNG's so far only interace method, *Adam7*).  This does not
+        affect how the pixels should be presented to the encoder, rather
+        it changes how they are arranged into the PNG file.  On slow
+        connexions interlaced images can be partially decoded by the
+        browser to give a rough view of the image that is successively
+        refined as more image data appears.
+        
+        .. note ::
+        
+          Enabling the `interlace` option requires the entire image
+          to be processed in working memory.
+
+        `chunk_limit` is used to limit the amount of memory used whilst
+        compressing the image.  In order to avoid using large amounts of
+        memory, multiple ``IDAT`` chunks may be created.
+        """
+
+        # At the moment the `planes` argument is ignored;
+        # its purpose is to act as a dummy so that
+        # ``Writer(x, y, **info)`` works, where `info` is a dictionary
+        # returned by Reader.read and friends.
+        # Ditto for `colormap`.
+
+        # A couple of helper functions come first.  Best skipped if you
+        # are reading through.
+
+        def isinteger(x):
+            try:
+                return int(x) == x
+            except:
+                return False
+
+        def check_color(c, which):
+            """Checks that a colour argument for transparent or
+            background options is the right form.  Also "corrects" bare
+            integers to 1-tuples.
+            """
+
+            if c is None:
+                return c
+            if greyscale:
+                try:
+                    l = len(c)
+                except TypeError:
+                    c = (c,)
+                if len(c) != 1:
+                    raise ValueError("%s for greyscale must be 1-tuple" %
+                        which)
+                if not isinteger(c[0]):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "%s colour for greyscale must be integer" %
+                        which)
+            else:
+                if not (len(c) == 3 and
+                        isinteger(c[0]) and
+                        isinteger(c[1]) and
+                        isinteger(c[2])):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "%s colour must be a triple of integers" %
+                        which)
+            return c
+
+        if size:
+            if len(size) != 2:
+                raise ValueError(
+                  "size argument should be a pair (width, height)")
+            if width is not None and width != size[0]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                  "size[0] (%r) and width (%r) should match when both are used."
+                    % (size[0], width))
+            if height is not None and height != size[1]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                  "size[1] (%r) and height (%r) should match when both are used."
+                    % (size[1], height))
+            width,height = size
+        del size
+
+        if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("width and height must be greater than zero")
+        if not isinteger(width) or not isinteger(height):
+            raise ValueError("width and height must be integers")
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#7Integers-and-byte-order
+        if width > 2**32-1 or height > 2**32-1:
+            raise ValueError("width and height cannot exceed 2**32-1")
+
+        if alpha and transparent is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "transparent colour not allowed with alpha channel")
+
+        if bytes_per_sample is not None:
+            warnings.warn('please use bitdepth instead of bytes_per_sample',
+                          DeprecationWarning)
+            if bytes_per_sample not in (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "bytes per sample must be .125, .25, .5, 1, or 2")
+            bitdepth = int(8*bytes_per_sample)
+        del bytes_per_sample
+        if not isinteger(bitdepth) or bitdepth < 1 or 16 < bitdepth:
+            raise ValueError("bitdepth (%r) must be a postive integer <= 16" %
+              bitdepth)
+
+        self.rescale = None
+        if palette:
+            if bitdepth not in (1,2,4,8):
+                raise ValueError("with palette, bitdepth must be 1, 2, 4, or 8")
+            if transparent is not None:
+                raise ValueError("transparent and palette not compatible")
+            if alpha:
+                raise ValueError("alpha and palette not compatible")
+            if greyscale:
+                raise ValueError("greyscale and palette not compatible")
+        else:
+            # No palette, check for sBIT chunk generation.
+            if alpha or not greyscale:
+                if bitdepth not in (8,16):
+                    targetbitdepth = (8,16)[bitdepth > 8]
+                    self.rescale = (bitdepth, targetbitdepth)
+                    bitdepth = targetbitdepth
+                    del targetbitdepth
+            else:
+                assert greyscale
+                assert not alpha
+                if bitdepth not in (1,2,4,8,16):
+                    if bitdepth > 8:
+                        targetbitdepth = 16
+                    elif bitdepth == 3:
+                        targetbitdepth = 4
+                    else:
+                        assert bitdepth in (5,6,7)
+                        targetbitdepth = 8
+                    self.rescale = (bitdepth, targetbitdepth)
+                    bitdepth = targetbitdepth
+                    del targetbitdepth
+
+        if bitdepth < 8 and (alpha or not greyscale and not palette):
+            raise ValueError(
+              "bitdepth < 8 only permitted with greyscale or palette")
+        if bitdepth > 8 and palette:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "bit depth must be 8 or less for images with palette")
+
+        transparent = check_color(transparent, 'transparent')
+        background = check_color(background, 'background')
+
+        # It's important that the true boolean values (greyscale, alpha,
+        # colormap, interlace) are converted to bool because Iverson's
+        # convention is relied upon later on.
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        self.transparent = transparent
+        self.background = background
+        self.gamma = gamma
+        self.greyscale = bool(greyscale)
+        self.alpha = bool(alpha)
+        self.colormap = bool(palette)
+        self.bitdepth = int(bitdepth)
+        self.compression = compression
+        self.chunk_limit = chunk_limit
+        self.interlace = bool(interlace)
+        self.palette = check_palette(palette)
+
+        self.color_type = 4*self.alpha + 2*(not greyscale) + 1*self.colormap
+        assert self.color_type in (0,2,3,4,6)
+
+        self.color_planes = (3,1)[self.greyscale or self.colormap]
+        self.planes = self.color_planes + self.alpha
+        # :todo: fix for bitdepth < 8
+        self.psize = (self.bitdepth/8) * self.planes
+
+    def make_palette(self):
+        """Create the byte sequences for a ``PLTE`` and if necessary a
+        ``tRNS`` chunk.  Returned as a pair (*p*, *t*).  *t* will be
+        ``None`` if no ``tRNS`` chunk is necessary.
+        """
+
+        p = array('B')
+        t = array('B')
+
+        for x in self.palette:
+            p.extend(x[0:3])
+            if len(x) > 3:
+                t.append(x[3])
+        p = tostring(p)
+        t = tostring(t)
+        if t:
+            return p,t
+        return p,None
+
+    def write(self, outfile, rows):
+        """Write a PNG image to the output file.  `rows` should be
+        an iterable that yields each row in boxed row flat pixel format.
+        The rows should be the rows of the original image, so there
+        should be ``self.height`` rows of ``self.width * self.planes`` values.
+        If `interlace` is specified (when creating the instance), then
+        an interlaced PNG file will be written.  Supply the rows in the
+        normal image order; the interlacing is carried out internally.
+        
+        .. note ::
+
+          Interlacing will require the entire image to be in working memory.
+        """
+
+        if self.interlace:
+            fmt = 'BH'[self.bitdepth > 8]
+            a = array(fmt, itertools.chain(*rows))
+            return self.write_array(outfile, a)
+        else:
+            nrows = self.write_passes(outfile, rows)
+            if nrows != self.height:
+                raise ValueError(
+                  "rows supplied (%d) does not match height (%d)" %
+                  (nrows, self.height))
+
+    def write_passes(self, outfile, rows, packed=False):
+        """
+        Write a PNG image to the output file.
+
+        Most users are expected to find the :meth:`write` or
+        :meth:`write_array` method more convenient.
+        
+        The rows should be given to this method in the order that
+        they appear in the output file.  For straightlaced images,
+        this is the usual top to bottom ordering, but for interlaced
+        images the rows should have already been interlaced before
+        passing them to this function.
+
+        `rows` should be an iterable that yields each row.  When
+        `packed` is ``False`` the rows should be in boxed row flat pixel
+        format; when `packed` is ``True`` each row should be a packed
+        sequence of bytes.
+
+        """
+
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5PNG-file-signature
+        outfile.write(_signature)
+
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IHDR
+        write_chunk(outfile, 'IHDR',
+                    struct.pack("!2I5B", self.width, self.height,
+                                self.bitdepth, self.color_type,
+                                0, 0, self.interlace))
+
+        # See :chunk:order
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11gAMA
+        if self.gamma is not None:
+            write_chunk(outfile, 'gAMA',
+                        struct.pack("!L", int(round(self.gamma*1e5))))
+
+        # See :chunk:order
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11sBIT
+        if self.rescale:
+            write_chunk(outfile, 'sBIT',
+                struct.pack('%dB' % self.planes,
+                            *[self.rescale[0]]*self.planes))
+        
+        # :chunk:order: Without a palette (PLTE chunk), ordering is
+        # relatively relaxed.  With one, gAMA chunk must precede PLTE
+        # chunk which must precede tRNS and bKGD.
+        # See http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5ChunkOrdering
+        if self.palette:
+            p,t = self.make_palette()
+            write_chunk(outfile, 'PLTE', p)
+            if t:
+                # tRNS chunk is optional.  Only needed if palette entries
+                # have alpha.
+                write_chunk(outfile, 'tRNS', t)
+
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11tRNS
+        if self.transparent is not None:
+            if self.greyscale:
+                write_chunk(outfile, 'tRNS',
+                            struct.pack("!1H", *self.transparent))
+            else:
+                write_chunk(outfile, 'tRNS',
+                            struct.pack("!3H", *self.transparent))
+
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11bKGD
+        if self.background is not None:
+            if self.greyscale:
+                write_chunk(outfile, 'bKGD',
+                            struct.pack("!1H", *self.background))
+            else:
+                write_chunk(outfile, 'bKGD',
+                            struct.pack("!3H", *self.background))
+
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IDAT
+        if self.compression is not None:
+            compressor = zlib.compressobj(self.compression)
+        else:
+            compressor = zlib.compressobj()
+
+        # Choose an extend function based on the bitdepth.  The extend
+        # function packs/decomposes the pixel values into bytes and
+        # stuffs them onto the data array.
+        data = array('B')
+        if self.bitdepth == 8 or packed:
+            extend = data.extend
+        elif self.bitdepth == 16:
+            # Decompose into bytes
+            def extend(sl):
+                fmt = '!%dH' % len(sl)
+                data.extend(array('B', struct.pack(fmt, *sl)))
+        else:
+            # Pack into bytes
+            assert self.bitdepth < 8
+            # samples per byte
+            spb = int(8/self.bitdepth)
+            def extend(sl):
+                a = array('B', sl)
+                # Adding padding bytes so we can group into a whole
+                # number of spb-tuples.
+                l = float(len(a))
+                extra = math.ceil(l / float(spb))*spb - l
+                a.extend([0]*int(extra))
+                # Pack into bytes
+                l = group(a, spb)
+                l = map(lambda e: reduce(lambda x,y:
+                                           (x << self.bitdepth) + y, e), l)
+                data.extend(l)
+        if self.rescale:
+            oldextend = extend
+            factor = \
+              float(2**self.rescale[1]-1) / float(2**self.rescale[0]-1)
+            def extend(sl):
+                oldextend(map(lambda x: int(round(factor*x)), sl))
+
+        # Build the first row, testing mostly to see if we need to
+        # changed the extend function to cope with NumPy integer types
+        # (they cause our ordinary definition of extend to fail, so we
+        # wrap it).  See
+        # http://code.google.com/p/pypng/issues/detail?id=44
+        enumrows = enumerate(rows)
+        del rows
+
+        # First row's filter type.
+        data.append(0)
+        # :todo: Certain exceptions in the call to ``.next()`` or the
+        # following try would indicate no row data supplied.
+        # Should catch.
+        i,row = enumrows.next()
+        try:
+            # If this fails...
+            extend(row)
+        except:
+            # ... try a version that converts the values to int first.
+            # Not only does this work for the (slightly broken) NumPy
+            # types, there are probably lots of other, unknown, "nearly"
+            # int types it works for.
+            def wrapmapint(f):
+                return lambda sl: f(map(int, sl))
+            extend = wrapmapint(extend)
+            del wrapmapint
+            extend(row)
+
+        for i,row in enumrows:
+            # Add "None" filter type.  Currently, it's essential that
+            # this filter type be used for every scanline as we do not
+            # mark the first row of a reduced pass image; that means we
+            # could accidentally compute the wrong filtered scanline if
+            # we used "up", "average", or "paeth" on such a line.
+            data.append(0)
+            extend(row)
+            if len(data) > self.chunk_limit:
+                compressed = compressor.compress(tostring(data))
+                if len(compressed):
+                    # print >> sys.stderr, len(data), len(compressed)
+                    write_chunk(outfile, 'IDAT', compressed)
+                # Because of our very witty definition of ``extend``,
+                # above, we must re-use the same ``data`` object.  Hence
+                # we use ``del`` to empty this one, rather than create a
+                # fresh one (which would be my natural FP instinct).
+                del data[:]
+        if len(data):
+            compressed = compressor.compress(tostring(data))
+        else:
+            compressed = ''
+        flushed = compressor.flush()
+        if len(compressed) or len(flushed):
+            # print >> sys.stderr, len(data), len(compressed), len(flushed)
+            write_chunk(outfile, 'IDAT', compressed + flushed)
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IEND
+        write_chunk(outfile, 'IEND')
+        return i+1
+
+    def write_array(self, outfile, pixels):
+        """
+        Write an array in flat row flat pixel format as a PNG file on
+        the output file.  See also :meth:`write` method.
+        """
+
+        if self.interlace:
+            self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines_interlace(pixels))
+        else:
+            self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines(pixels))
+
+    def write_packed(self, outfile, rows):
+        """
+        Write PNG file to `outfile`.  The pixel data comes from `rows`
+        which should be in boxed row packed format.  Each row should be
+        a sequence of packed bytes.
+
+        Technically, this method does work for interlaced images but it
+        is best avoided.  For interlaced images, the rows should be
+        presented in the order that they appear in the file.
+
+        This method should not be used when the source image bit depth
+        is not one naturally supported by PNG; the bit depth should be
+        1, 2, 4, 8, or 16.
+        """
+
+        if self.rescale:
+            raise Error("write_packed method not suitable for bit depth %d" %
+              self.rescale[0])
+        return self.write_passes(outfile, rows, packed=True)
+
+    def convert_pnm(self, infile, outfile):
+        """
+        Convert a PNM file containing raw pixel data into a PNG file
+        with the parameters set in the writer object.  Works for
+        (binary) PGM, PPM, and PAM formats.
+        """
+
+        if self.interlace:
+            pixels = array('B')
+            pixels.fromfile(infile,
+                            (self.bitdepth/8) * self.color_planes *
+                            self.width * self.height)
+            self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines_interlace(pixels))
+        else:
+            self.write_passes(outfile, self.file_scanlines(infile))
+
+    def convert_ppm_and_pgm(self, ppmfile, pgmfile, outfile):
+        """
+        Convert a PPM and PGM file containing raw pixel data into a
+        PNG outfile with the parameters set in the writer object.
+        """
+        pixels = array('B')
+        pixels.fromfile(ppmfile,
+                        (self.bitdepth/8) * self.color_planes *
+                        self.width * self.height)
+        apixels = array('B')
+        apixels.fromfile(pgmfile,
+                         (self.bitdepth/8) *
+                         self.width * self.height)
+        pixels = interleave_planes(pixels, apixels,
+                                   (self.bitdepth/8) * self.color_planes,
+                                   (self.bitdepth/8))
+        if self.interlace:
+            self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines_interlace(pixels))
+        else:
+            self.write_passes(outfile, self.array_scanlines(pixels))
+
+    def file_scanlines(self, infile):
+        """
+        Generates boxed rows in flat pixel format, from the input file
+        `infile`.  It assumes that the input file is in a "Netpbm-like"
+        binary format, and is positioned at the beginning of the first
+        pixel.  The number of pixels to read is taken from the image
+        dimensions (`width`, `height`, `planes`) and the number of bytes
+        per value is implied by the image `bitdepth`.
+        """
+
+        # Values per row
+        vpr = self.width * self.planes
+        row_bytes = vpr
+        if self.bitdepth > 8:
+            assert self.bitdepth == 16
+            row_bytes *= 2
+            fmt = '>%dH' % vpr
+            def line():
+                return array('H', struct.unpack(fmt, infile.read(row_bytes)))
+        else:
+            def line():
+                scanline = array('B', infile.read(row_bytes))
+                return scanline
+        for y in range(self.height):
+            yield line()
+
+    def array_scanlines(self, pixels):
+        """
+        Generates boxed rows (flat pixels) from flat rows (flat pixels)
+        in an array.
+        """
+
+        # Values per row
+        vpr = self.width * self.planes
+        stop = 0
+        for y in range(self.height):
+            start = stop
+            stop = start + vpr
+            yield pixels[start:stop]
+
+    def array_scanlines_interlace(self, pixels):
+        """
+        Generator for interlaced scanlines from an array.  `pixels` is
+        the full source image in flat row flat pixel format.  The
+        generator yields each scanline of the reduced passes in turn, in
+        boxed row flat pixel format.
+        """
+
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#8InterlaceMethods
+        # Array type.
+        fmt = 'BH'[self.bitdepth > 8]
+        # Value per row
+        vpr = self.width * self.planes
+        for xstart, ystart, xstep, ystep in _adam7:
+            if xstart >= self.width:
+                continue
+            # Pixels per row (of reduced image)
+            ppr = int(math.ceil((self.width-xstart)/float(xstep)))
+            # number of values in reduced image row.
+            row_len = ppr*self.planes
+            for y in range(ystart, self.height, ystep):
+                if xstep == 1:
+                    offset = y * vpr
+                    yield pixels[offset:offset+vpr]
+                else:
+                    row = array(fmt)
+                    # There's no easier way to set the length of an array
+                    row.extend(pixels[0:row_len])
+                    offset = y * vpr + xstart * self.planes
+                    end_offset = (y+1) * vpr
+                    skip = self.planes * xstep
+                    for i in range(self.planes):
+                        row[i::self.planes] = \
+                            pixels[offset+i:end_offset:skip]
+                    yield row
+
+def write_chunk(outfile, tag, data=strtobytes('')):
+    """
+    Write a PNG chunk to the output file, including length and
+    checksum.
+    """
+
+    # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5Chunk-layout
+    outfile.write(struct.pack("!I", len(data)))
+    tag = strtobytes(tag)
+    outfile.write(tag)
+    outfile.write(data)
+    checksum = zlib.crc32(tag)
+    checksum = zlib.crc32(data, checksum)
+    checksum &= 2**32-1
+    outfile.write(struct.pack("!I", checksum))
+
+def write_chunks(out, chunks):
+    """Create a PNG file by writing out the chunks."""
+
+    out.write(_signature)
+    for chunk in chunks:
+        write_chunk(out, *chunk)
+
+def filter_scanline(type, line, fo, prev=None):
+    """Apply a scanline filter to a scanline.  `type` specifies the
+    filter type (0 to 4); `line` specifies the current (unfiltered)
+    scanline as a sequence of bytes; `prev` specifies the previous
+    (unfiltered) scanline as a sequence of bytes. `fo` specifies the
+    filter offset; normally this is size of a pixel in bytes (the number
+    of bytes per sample times the number of channels), but when this is
+    < 1 (for bit depths < 8) then the filter offset is 1.
+    """
+
+    assert 0 <= type < 5
+
+    # The output array.  Which, pathetically, we extend one-byte at a
+    # time (fortunately this is linear).
+    out = array('B', [type])
+
+    def sub():
+        ai = -fo
+        for x in line:
+            if ai >= 0:
+                x = (x - line[ai]) & 0xff
+            out.append(x)
+            ai += 1
+    def up():
+        for i,x in enumerate(line):
+            x = (x - prev[i]) & 0xff
+            out.append(x)
+    def average():
+        ai = -fo
+        for i,x in enumerate(line):
+            if ai >= 0:
+                x = (x - ((line[ai] + prev[i]) >> 1)) & 0xff
+            else:
+                x = (x - (prev[i] >> 1)) & 0xff
+            out.append(x)
+            ai += 1
+    def paeth():
+        # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#9Filter-type-4-Paeth
+        ai = -fo # also used for ci
+        for i,x in enumerate(line):
+            a = 0
+            b = prev[i]
+            c = 0
+
+            if ai >= 0:
+                a = line[ai]
+                c = prev[ai]
+            p = a + b - c
+            pa = abs(p - a)
+            pb = abs(p - b)
+            pc = abs(p - c)
+            if pa <= pb and pa <= pc: Pr = a
+            elif pb <= pc: Pr = b
+            else: Pr = c
+
+            x = (x - Pr) & 0xff
+            out.append(x)
+            ai += 1
+
+    if not prev:
+        # We're on the first line.  Some of the filters can be reduced
+        # to simpler cases which makes handling the line "off the top"
+        # of the image simpler.  "up" becomes "none"; "paeth" becomes
+        # "left" (non-trivial, but true). "average" needs to be handled
+        # specially.
+        if type == 2: # "up"
+            return line # type = 0
+        elif type == 3:
+            prev = [0]*len(line)
+        elif type == 4: # "paeth"
+            type = 1
+    if type == 0:
+        out.extend(line)
+    elif type == 1:
+        sub()
+    elif type == 2:
+        up()
+    elif type == 3:
+        average()
+    else: # type == 4
+        paeth()
+    return out
+
+
+def from_array(a, mode=None, info={}):
+    """Create a PNG :class:`Image` object from a 2- or 3-dimensional array.
+    One application of this function is easy PIL-style saving:
+    ``png.from_array(pixels, 'L').save('foo.png')``.
+
+    .. note :
+
+      The use of the term *3-dimensional* is for marketing purposes
+      only.  It doesn't actually work.  Please bear with us.  Meanwhile
+      enjoy the complimentary snacks (on request) and please use a
+      2-dimensional array.
+    
+    Unless they are specified using the *info* parameter, the PNG's
+    height and width are taken from the array size.  For a 3 dimensional
+    array the first axis is the height; the second axis is the width;
+    and the third axis is the channel number.  Thus an RGB image that is
+    16 pixels high and 8 wide will use an array that is 16x8x3.  For 2
+    dimensional arrays the first axis is the height, but the second axis
+    is ``width*channels``, so an RGB image that is 16 pixels high and 8
+    wide will use a 2-dimensional array that is 16x24 (each row will be
+    8*3==24 sample values).
+
+    *mode* is a string that specifies the image colour format in a
+    PIL-style mode.  It can be:
+
+    ``'L'``
+      greyscale (1 channel)
+    ``'LA'``
+      greyscale with alpha (2 channel)
+    ``'RGB'``
+      colour image (3 channel)
+    ``'RGBA'``
+      colour image with alpha (4 channel)
+
+    The mode string can also specify the bit depth (overriding how this
+    function normally derives the bit depth, see below).  Appending
+    ``';16'`` to the mode will cause the PNG to be 16 bits per channel;
+    any decimal from 1 to 16 can be used to specify the bit depth.
+
+    When a 2-dimensional array is used *mode* determines how many
+    channels the image has, and so allows the width to be derived from
+    the second array dimension.
+
+    The array is expected to be a ``numpy`` array, but it can be any
+    suitable Python sequence.  For example, a list of lists can be used:
+    ``png.from_array([[0, 255, 0], [255, 0, 255]], 'L')``.  The exact
+    rules are: ``len(a)`` gives the first dimension, height;
+    ``len(a[0])`` gives the second dimension; ``len(a[0][0])`` gives the
+    third dimension, unless an exception is raised in which case a
+    2-dimensional array is assumed.  It's slightly more complicated than
+    that because an iterator of rows can be used, and it all still
+    works.  Using an iterator allows data to be streamed efficiently.
+
+    The bit depth of the PNG is normally taken from the array element's
+    datatype (but if *mode* specifies a bitdepth then that is used
+    instead).  The array element's datatype is determined in a way which
+    is supposed to work both for ``numpy`` arrays and for Python
+    ``array.array`` objects.  A 1 byte datatype will give a bit depth of
+    8, a 2 byte datatype will give a bit depth of 16.  If the datatype
+    does not have an implicit size, for example it is a plain Python
+    list of lists, as above, then a default of 8 is used.
+
+    The *info* parameter is a dictionary that can be used to specify
+    metadata (in the same style as the arguments to the
+    :class:``png.Writer`` class).  For this function the keys that are
+    useful are:
+    
+    height
+      overrides the height derived from the array dimensions and allows
+      *a* to be an iterable.
+    width
+      overrides the width derived from the array dimensions.
+    bitdepth
+      overrides the bit depth derived from the element datatype (but
+      must match *mode* if that also specifies a bit depth).
+
+    Generally anything specified in the
+    *info* dictionary will override any implicit choices that this
+    function would otherwise make, but must match any explicit ones.
+    For example, if the *info* dictionary has a ``greyscale`` key then
+    this must be true when mode is ``'L'`` or ``'LA'`` and false when
+    mode is ``'RGB'`` or ``'RGBA'``.
+    """
+
+    # We abuse the *info* parameter by modifying it.  Take a copy here.
+    # (Also typechecks *info* to some extent).
+    info = dict(info)
+
+    # Syntax check mode string.
+    bitdepth = None
+    try:
+        mode = mode.split(';')
+        if len(mode) not in (1,2):
+            raise Error()
+        if mode[0] not in ('L', 'LA', 'RGB', 'RGBA'):
+            raise Error()
+        if len(mode) == 2:
+            try:
+                bitdepth = int(mode[1])
+            except:
+                raise Error()
+    except Error:
+        raise Error("mode string should be 'RGB' or 'L;16' or similar.")
+    mode = mode[0]
+
+    # Get bitdepth from *mode* if possible.
+    if bitdepth:
+        if info.get('bitdepth') and bitdepth != info['bitdepth']:
+            raise Error("mode bitdepth (%d) should match info bitdepth (%d)." %
+              (bitdepth, info['bitdepth']))
+        info['bitdepth'] = bitdepth
+
+    # Fill in and/or check entries in *info*.
+    # Dimensions.
+    if 'size' in info:
+        # Check width, height, size all match where used.
+        for dimension,axis in [('width', 0), ('height', 1)]:
+            if dimension in info:
+                if info[dimension] != info['size'][axis]:
+                    raise Error(
+                      "info[%r] shhould match info['size'][%r]." %
+                      (dimension, axis))
+        info['width'],info['height'] = info['size']
+    if 'height' not in info:
+        try:
+            l = len(a)
+        except:
+            raise Error(
+              "len(a) does not work, supply info['height'] instead.")
+        info['height'] = l
+    # Colour format.
+    if 'greyscale' in info:
+        if bool(info['greyscale']) != ('L' in mode):
+            raise Error("info['greyscale'] should match mode.")
+    info['greyscale'] = 'L' in mode
+    if 'alpha' in info:
+        if bool(info['alpha']) != ('A' in mode):
+            raise Error("info['alpha'] should match mode.")
+    info['alpha'] = 'A' in mode
+
+    planes = len(mode)
+    if 'planes' in info:
+        if info['planes'] != planes:
+            raise Error("info['planes'] should match mode.")
+
+    # In order to work out whether we the array is 2D or 3D we need its
+    # first row, which requires that we take a copy of its iterator.
+    # We may also need the first row to derive width and bitdepth.
+    a,t = itertools.tee(a)
+    row = t.next()
+    del t
+    try:
+        row[0][0]
+        threed = True
+        testelement = row[0]
+    except:
+        threed = False
+        testelement = row
+    if 'width' not in info:
+        if threed:
+            width = len(row)
+        else:
+            width = len(row) // planes
+        info['width'] = width
+
+    # Not implemented yet
+    assert not threed
+
+    if 'bitdepth' not in info:
+        try:
+            dtype = testelement.dtype
+            # goto the "else:" clause.  Sorry.
+        except:
+            try:
+                # Try a Python array.array.
+                bitdepth = 8 * testelement.itemsize
+            except:
+                # We can't determine it from the array element's
+                # datatype, use a default of 8.
+                bitdepth = 8
+        else:
+            # If we got here without exception, we now assume that
+            # the array is a numpy array.
+            if dtype.kind == 'b':
+                bitdepth = 1
+            else:
+                bitdepth = 8 * dtype.itemsize
+        info['bitdepth'] = bitdepth
+
+    for thing in 'width height bitdepth greyscale alpha'.split():
+        assert thing in info
+    return Image(a, info)
+
+# So that refugee's from PIL feel more at home.  Not documented.
+fromarray = from_array
+
+class Image:
+    """A PNG image.
+    You can create an :class:`Image` object from an array of pixels by calling
+    :meth:`png.from_array`.  It can be saved to disk with the
+    :meth:`save` method."""
+    def __init__(self, rows, info):
+        """
+        .. note ::
+        
+          The constructor is not public.  Please do not call it.
+        """
+        
+        self.rows = rows
+        self.info = info
+
+    def save(self, file):
+        """Save the image to *file*.  If *file* looks like an open file
+        descriptor then it is used, otherwise it is treated as a
+        filename and a fresh file is opened.
+
+        In general, you can only call this method once; after it has
+        been called the first time and the PNG image has been saved, the
+        source data will have been streamed, and cannot be streamed
+        again.
+        """
+
+        w = Writer(**self.info)
+
+        try:
+            file.write
+            def close(): pass
+        except:
+            file = open(file, 'wb')
+            def close(): file.close()
+
+        try:
+            w.write(file, self.rows)
+        finally:
+            close()
+
+class _readable:
+    """
+    A simple file-like interface for strings and arrays.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, buf):
+        self.buf = buf
+        self.offset = 0
+
+    def read(self, n):
+        r = self.buf[self.offset:self.offset+n]
+        if isarray(r):
+            r = r.tostring()
+        self.offset += n
+        return r
+
+
+class Reader:
+    """
+    PNG decoder in pure Python.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, _guess=None, **kw):
+        """
+        Create a PNG decoder object.
+
+        The constructor expects exactly one keyword argument. If you
+        supply a positional argument instead, it will guess the input
+        type. You can choose among the following keyword arguments:
+
+        filename
+          Name of input file (a PNG file).
+        file
+          A file-like object (object with a read() method).
+        bytes
+          ``array`` or ``string`` with PNG data.
+
+        """
+        if ((_guess is not None and len(kw) != 0) or
+            (_guess is None and len(kw) != 1)):
+            raise TypeError("Reader() takes exactly 1 argument")
+
+        # Will be the first 8 bytes, later on.  See validate_signature.
+        self.signature = None
+        self.transparent = None
+        # A pair of (len,type) if a chunk has been read but its data and
+        # checksum have not (in other words the file position is just
+        # past the 4 bytes that specify the chunk type).  See preamble
+        # method for how this is used.
+        self.atchunk = None
+
+        if _guess is not None:
+            if isarray(_guess):
+                kw["bytes"] = _guess
+            elif isinstance(_guess, str):
+                kw["filename"] = _guess
+            elif isinstance(_guess, file):
+                kw["file"] = _guess
+
+        if "filename" in kw:
+            self.file = open(kw["filename"], "rb")
+        elif "file" in kw:
+            self.file = kw["file"]
+        elif "bytes" in kw:
+            self.file = _readable(kw["bytes"])
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expecting filename, file or bytes array")
+
+
+    def chunk(self, seek=None, lenient=False):
+        """
+        Read the next PNG chunk from the input file; returns a
+        (*type*,*data*) tuple.  *type* is the chunk's type as a string
+        (all PNG chunk types are 4 characters long).  *data* is the
+        chunk's data content, as a string.
+
+        If the optional `seek` argument is
+        specified then it will keep reading chunks until it either runs
+        out of file or finds the type specified by the argument.  Note
+        that in general the order of chunks in PNGs is unspecified, so
+        using `seek` can cause you to miss chunks.
+
+        If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+        checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+        """
+
+        self.validate_signature()
+
+        while True:
+            # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#5Chunk-layout
+            if not self.atchunk:
+                self.atchunk = self.chunklentype()
+            length,type = self.atchunk
+            self.atchunk = None
+            data = self.file.read(length)
+            if len(data) != length:
+                raise ChunkError('Chunk %s too short for required %i octets.'
+                  % (type, length))
+            checksum = self.file.read(4)
+            if len(checksum) != 4:
+                raise ValueError('Chunk %s too short for checksum.', tag)
+            if seek and type != seek:
+                continue
+            verify = zlib.crc32(strtobytes(type))
+            verify = zlib.crc32(data, verify)
+            # Whether the output from zlib.crc32 is signed or not varies
+            # according to hideous implementation details, see
+            # http://bugs.python.org/issue1202 .
+            # We coerce it to be positive here (in a way which works on
+            # Python 2.3 and older).
+            verify &= 2**32 - 1
+            verify = struct.pack('!I', verify)
+            if checksum != verify:
+                # print repr(checksum)
+                (a, ) = struct.unpack('!I', checksum)
+                (b, ) = struct.unpack('!I', verify)
+                message = "Checksum error in %s chunk: 0x%08X != 0x%08X." % (type, a, b)
+                if lenient:
+                    warnings.warn(message, RuntimeWarning)
+                else:
+                    raise ChunkError(message)
+            return type, data
+
+    def chunks(self):
+        """Return an iterator that will yield each chunk as a
+        (*chunktype*, *content*) pair.
+        """
+
+        while True:
+            t,v = self.chunk()
+            yield t,v
+            if t == 'IEND':
+                break
+
+    def undo_filter(self, filter_type, scanline, previous):
+        """Undo the filter for a scanline.  `scanline` is a sequence of
+        bytes that does not include the initial filter type byte.
+        `previous` is decoded previous scanline (for straightlaced
+        images this is the previous pixel row, but for interlaced
+        images, it is the previous scanline in the reduced image, which
+        in general is not the previous pixel row in the final image).
+        When there is no previous scanline (the first row of a
+        straightlaced image, or the first row in one of the passes in an
+        interlaced image), then this argument should be ``None``.
+
+        The scanline will have the effects of filtering removed, and the
+        result will be returned as a fresh sequence of bytes.
+        """
+
+        # :todo: Would it be better to update scanline in place?
+        # Yes, with the Cython extension making the undo_filter fast,
+        # updating scanline inplace makes the code 3 times faster
+        # (reading 50 images of 800x800 went from 40s to 16s)
+        result = scanline
+
+        if filter_type == 0:
+            return result
+
+        if filter_type not in (1,2,3,4):
+            raise FormatError('Invalid PNG Filter Type.'
+              '  See http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#9Filters .')
+
+        # Filter unit.  The stride from one pixel to the corresponding
+        # byte from the previous previous.  Normally this is the pixel
+        # size in bytes, but when this is smaller than 1, the previous
+        # byte is used instead.
+        fu = max(1, self.psize)
+
+        # For the first line of a pass, synthesize a dummy previous
+        # line.  An alternative approach would be to observe that on the
+        # first line 'up' is the same as 'null', 'paeth' is the same
+        # as 'sub', with only 'average' requiring any special case.
+        if not previous:
+            previous = array('B', [0]*len(scanline))
+
+        def sub():
+            """Undo sub filter."""
+
+            ai = 0
+            # Loops starts at index fu.  Observe that the initial part
+            # of the result is already filled in correctly with
+            # scanline.
+            for i in range(fu, len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                a = result[ai]
+                result[i] = (x + a) & 0xff
+                ai += 1
+
+        def up():
+            """Undo up filter."""
+
+            for i in range(len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                b = previous[i]
+                result[i] = (x + b) & 0xff
+
+        def average():
+            """Undo average filter."""
+
+            ai = -fu
+            for i in range(len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                if ai < 0:
+                    a = 0
+                else:
+                    a = result[ai]
+                b = previous[i]
+                result[i] = (x + ((a + b) >> 1)) & 0xff
+                ai += 1
+
+        def paeth():
+            """Undo Paeth filter."""
+
+            # Also used for ci.
+            ai = -fu
+            for i in range(len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                if ai < 0:
+                    a = c = 0
+                else:
+                    a = result[ai]
+                    c = previous[ai]
+                b = previous[i]
+                p = a + b - c
+                pa = abs(p - a)
+                pb = abs(p - b)
+                pc = abs(p - c)
+                if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
+                    pr = a
+                elif pb <= pc:
+                    pr = b
+                else:
+                    pr = c
+                result[i] = (x + pr) & 0xff
+                ai += 1
+
+        # Call appropriate filter algorithm.  Note that 0 has already
+        # been dealt with.
+        (None,
+         pngfilters.undo_filter_sub,
+         pngfilters.undo_filter_up,
+         pngfilters.undo_filter_average,
+         pngfilters.undo_filter_paeth)[filter_type](fu, scanline, previous, result)
+        return result
+
+    def deinterlace(self, raw):
+        """
+        Read raw pixel data, undo filters, deinterlace, and flatten.
+        Return in flat row flat pixel format.
+        """
+
+        # print >> sys.stderr, ("Reading interlaced, w=%s, r=%s, planes=%s," +
+        #     " bpp=%s") % (self.width, self.height, self.planes, self.bps)
+        # Values per row (of the target image)
+        vpr = self.width * self.planes
+
+        # Make a result array, and make it big enough.  Interleaving
+        # writes to the output array randomly (well, not quite), so the
+        # entire output array must be in memory.
+        fmt = 'BH'[self.bitdepth > 8]
+        a = array(fmt, [0]*vpr*self.height)
+        source_offset = 0
+
+        for xstart, ystart, xstep, ystep in _adam7:
+            # print >> sys.stderr, "Adam7: start=%s,%s step=%s,%s" % (
+            #     xstart, ystart, xstep, ystep)
+            if xstart >= self.width:
+                continue
+            # The previous (reconstructed) scanline.  None at the
+            # beginning of a pass to indicate that there is no previous
+            # line.
+            recon = None
+            # Pixels per row (reduced pass image)
+            ppr = int(math.ceil((self.width-xstart)/float(xstep)))
+            # Row size in bytes for this pass.
+            row_size = int(math.ceil(self.psize * ppr))
+            for y in range(ystart, self.height, ystep):
+                filter_type = raw[source_offset]
+                source_offset += 1
+                scanline = raw[source_offset:source_offset+row_size]
+                source_offset += row_size
+                recon = self.undo_filter(filter_type, scanline, recon)
+                # Convert so that there is one element per pixel value
+                flat = self.serialtoflat(recon, ppr)
+                if xstep == 1:
+                    assert xstart == 0
+                    offset = y * vpr
+                    a[offset:offset+vpr] = flat
+                else:
+                    offset = y * vpr + xstart * self.planes
+                    end_offset = (y+1) * vpr
+                    skip = self.planes * xstep
+                    for i in range(self.planes):
+                        a[offset+i:end_offset:skip] = \
+                            flat[i::self.planes]
+        return a
+
+    def iterboxed(self, rows):
+        """Iterator that yields each scanline in boxed row flat pixel
+        format.  `rows` should be an iterator that yields the bytes of
+        each row in turn.
+        """
+
+        def asvalues(raw):
+            """Convert a row of raw bytes into a flat row.  Result may
+            or may not share with argument"""
+
+            if self.bitdepth == 8:
+                return raw
+            if self.bitdepth == 16:
+                raw = tostring(raw)
+                return array('H', struct.unpack('!%dH' % (len(raw)//2), raw))
+            assert self.bitdepth < 8
+            width = self.width
+            # Samples per byte
+            spb = 8//self.bitdepth
+            out = array('B')
+            mask = 2**self.bitdepth - 1
+            shifts = map(self.bitdepth.__mul__, reversed(range(spb)))
+            for o in raw:
+                out.extend(map(lambda i: mask&(o>>i), shifts))
+            return out[:width]
+
+        return itertools.imap(asvalues, rows)
+
+    def serialtoflat(self, bytes, width=None):
+        """Convert serial format (byte stream) pixel data to flat row
+        flat pixel.
+        """
+
+        if self.bitdepth == 8:
+            return bytes
+        if self.bitdepth == 16:
+            bytes = tostring(bytes)
+            return array('H',
+              struct.unpack('!%dH' % (len(bytes)//2), bytes))
+        assert self.bitdepth < 8
+        if width is None:
+            width = self.width
+        # Samples per byte
+        spb = 8//self.bitdepth
+        out = array('B')
+        mask = 2**self.bitdepth - 1
+        shifts = map(self.bitdepth.__mul__, reversed(range(spb)))
+        l = width
+        for o in bytes:
+            out.extend([(mask&(o>>s)) for s in shifts][:l])
+            l -= spb
+            if l <= 0:
+                l = width
+        return out
+
+    def iterstraight(self, raw):
+        """Iterator that undoes the effect of filtering, and yields each
+        row in serialised format (as a sequence of bytes).  Assumes input
+        is straightlaced.  `raw` should be an iterable that yields the
+        raw bytes in chunks of arbitrary size."""
+
+        # length of row, in bytes
+        rb = self.row_bytes
+        a = array('B')
+        # The previous (reconstructed) scanline.  None indicates first
+        # line of image.
+        recon = None
+        for some in raw:
+            a.extend(some)
+            while len(a) >= rb + 1:
+                filter_type = a[0]
+                scanline = a[1:rb+1]
+                del a[:rb+1]
+                recon = self.undo_filter(filter_type, scanline, recon)
+                yield recon
+        if len(a) != 0:
+            # :file:format We get here with a file format error: when the
+            # available bytes (after decompressing) do not pack into exact
+            # rows.
+            raise FormatError(
+              'Wrong size for decompressed IDAT chunk.')
+        assert len(a) == 0
+
+    def validate_signature(self):
+        """If signature (header) has not been read then read and
+        validate it; otherwise do nothing.
+        """
+
+        if self.signature:
+            return
+        self.signature = self.file.read(8)
+        if self.signature != _signature:
+            raise FormatError("PNG file has invalid signature.")
+
+    def preamble(self, lenient=False):
+        """
+        Extract the image metadata by reading the initial part of the PNG
+        file up to the start of the ``IDAT`` chunk.  All the chunks that
+        precede the ``IDAT`` chunk are read and either processed for
+        metadata or discarded.
+
+        If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+        checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+        """
+
+        self.validate_signature()
+
+        while True:
+            if not self.atchunk:
+                self.atchunk = self.chunklentype()
+                if self.atchunk is None:
+                    raise FormatError(
+                      'This PNG file has no IDAT chunks.')
+            if self.atchunk[1] == 'IDAT':
+                return
+            self.process_chunk(lenient=lenient)
+
+    def chunklentype(self):
+        """Reads just enough of the input to determine the next
+        chunk's length and type, returned as a (*length*, *type*) pair
+        where *type* is a string.  If there are no more chunks, ``None``
+        is returned.
+        """
+
+        x = self.file.read(8)
+        if not x:
+            return None
+        if len(x) != 8:
+            raise FormatError(
+              'End of file whilst reading chunk length and type.')
+        length,type = struct.unpack('!I4s', x)
+        type = bytestostr(type)
+        if length > 2**31-1:
+            raise FormatError('Chunk %s is too large: %d.' % (type,length))
+        return length,type
+
+    def process_chunk(self, lenient=False):
+        """Process the next chunk and its data.  This only processes the
+        following chunk types, all others are ignored: ``IHDR``,
+        ``PLTE``, ``bKGD``, ``tRNS``, ``gAMA``, ``sBIT``.
+
+        If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+        checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+        """
+
+        type, data = self.chunk(lenient=lenient)
+        if type == 'IHDR':
+            # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IHDR
+            if len(data) != 13:
+                raise FormatError('IHDR chunk has incorrect length.')
+            (self.width, self.height, self.bitdepth, self.color_type,
+             self.compression, self.filter,
+             self.interlace) = struct.unpack("!2I5B", data)
+
+            # Check that the header specifies only valid combinations.
+            if self.bitdepth not in (1,2,4,8,16):
+                raise Error("invalid bit depth %d" % self.bitdepth)
+            if self.color_type not in (0,2,3,4,6):
+                raise Error("invalid colour type %d" % self.color_type)
+            # Check indexed (palettized) images have 8 or fewer bits
+            # per pixel; check only indexed or greyscale images have
+            # fewer than 8 bits per pixel.
+            if ((self.color_type & 1 and self.bitdepth > 8) or
+                (self.bitdepth < 8 and self.color_type not in (0,3))):
+                raise FormatError("Illegal combination of bit depth (%d)"
+                  " and colour type (%d)."
+                  " See http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#table111 ."
+                  % (self.bitdepth, self.color_type))
+            if self.compression != 0:
+                raise Error("unknown compression method %d" % self.compression)
+            if self.filter != 0:
+                raise FormatError("Unknown filter method %d,"
+                  " see http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#9Filters ."
+                  % self.filter)
+            if self.interlace not in (0,1):
+                raise FormatError("Unknown interlace method %d,"
+                  " see http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/#8InterlaceMethods ."
+                  % self.interlace)
+
+            # Derived values
+            # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#6Colour-values
+            colormap =  bool(self.color_type & 1)
+            greyscale = not (self.color_type & 2)
+            alpha = bool(self.color_type & 4)
+            color_planes = (3,1)[greyscale or colormap]
+            planes = color_planes + alpha
+
+            self.colormap = colormap
+            self.greyscale = greyscale
+            self.alpha = alpha
+            self.color_planes = color_planes
+            self.planes = planes
+            self.psize = float(self.bitdepth)/float(8) * planes
+            if int(self.psize) == self.psize:
+                self.psize = int(self.psize)
+            self.row_bytes = int(math.ceil(self.width * self.psize))
+            # Stores PLTE chunk if present, and is used to check
+            # chunk ordering constraints.
+            self.plte = None
+            # Stores tRNS chunk if present, and is used to check chunk
+            # ordering constraints.
+            self.trns = None
+            # Stores sbit chunk if present.
+            self.sbit = None
+        elif type == 'PLTE':
+            # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11PLTE
+            if self.plte:
+                warnings.warn("Multiple PLTE chunks present.")
+            self.plte = data
+            if len(data) % 3 != 0:
+                raise FormatError(
+                  "PLTE chunk's length should be a multiple of 3.")
+            if len(data) > (2**self.bitdepth)*3:
+                raise FormatError("PLTE chunk is too long.")
+            if len(data) == 0:
+                raise FormatError("Empty PLTE is not allowed.")
+        elif type == 'bKGD':
+            try:
+                if self.colormap:
+                    if not self.plte:
+                        warnings.warn(
+                          "PLTE chunk is required before bKGD chunk.")
+                    self.background = struct.unpack('B', data)
+                else:
+                    self.background = struct.unpack("!%dH" % self.color_planes,
+                      data)
+            except struct.error:
+                raise FormatError("bKGD chunk has incorrect length.")
+        elif type == 'tRNS':
+            # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11tRNS
+            self.trns = data
+            if self.colormap:
+                if not self.plte:
+                    warnings.warn("PLTE chunk is required before tRNS chunk.")
+                else:
+                    if len(data) > len(self.plte)/3:
+                        # Was warning, but promoted to Error as it
+                        # would otherwise cause pain later on.
+                        raise FormatError("tRNS chunk is too long.")
+            else:
+                if self.alpha:
+                    raise FormatError(
+                      "tRNS chunk is not valid with colour type %d." %
+                      self.color_type)
+                try:
+                    self.transparent = \
+                        struct.unpack("!%dH" % self.color_planes, data)
+                except struct.error:
+                    raise FormatError("tRNS chunk has incorrect length.")
+        elif type == 'gAMA':
+            try:
+                self.gamma = struct.unpack("!L", data)[0] / 100000.0
+            except struct.error:
+                raise FormatError("gAMA chunk has incorrect length.")
+        elif type == 'sBIT':
+            self.sbit = data
+            if (self.colormap and len(data) != 3 or
+                not self.colormap and len(data) != self.planes):
+                raise FormatError("sBIT chunk has incorrect length.")
+
+    def read(self, lenient=False):
+        """
+        Read the PNG file and decode it.  Returns (`width`, `height`,
+        `pixels`, `metadata`).
+
+        May use excessive memory.
+
+        `pixels` are returned in boxed row flat pixel format.
+
+        If the optional `lenient` argument evaluates to True,
+        checksum failures will raise warnings rather than exceptions.
+        """
+
+        def iteridat():
+            """Iterator that yields all the ``IDAT`` chunks as strings."""
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    type, data = self.chunk(lenient=lenient)
+                except ValueError, e:
+                    raise ChunkError(e.args[0])
+                if type == 'IEND':
+                    # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IEND
+                    break
+                if type != 'IDAT':
+                    continue
+                # type == 'IDAT'
+                # http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#11IDAT
+                if self.colormap and not self.plte:
+                    warnings.warn("PLTE chunk is required before IDAT chunk")
+                yield data
+
+        def iterdecomp(idat):
+            """Iterator that yields decompressed strings.  `idat` should
+            be an iterator that yields the ``IDAT`` chunk data.
+            """
+
+            # Currently, with no max_length paramter to decompress, this
+            # routine will do one yield per IDAT chunk.  So not very
+            # incremental.
+            d = zlib.decompressobj()
+            # Each IDAT chunk is passed to the decompressor, then any
+            # remaining state is decompressed out.
+            for data in idat:
+                # :todo: add a max_length argument here to limit output
+                # size.
+                yield array('B', d.decompress(data))
+            yield array('B', d.flush())
+
+        self.preamble(lenient=lenient)
+        raw = iterdecomp(iteridat())
+
+        if self.interlace:
+            raw = array('B', itertools.chain(*raw))
+            arraycode = 'BH'[self.bitdepth>8]
+            # Like :meth:`group` but producing an array.array object for
+            # each row.
+            pixels = itertools.imap(lambda *row: array(arraycode, row),
+                       *[iter(self.deinterlace(raw))]*self.width*self.planes)
+        else:
+            pixels = self.iterboxed(self.iterstraight(raw))
+        meta = dict()
+        for attr in 'greyscale alpha planes bitdepth interlace'.split():
+            meta[attr] = getattr(self, attr)
+        meta['size'] = (self.width, self.height)
+        for attr in 'gamma transparent background'.split():
+            a = getattr(self, attr, None)
+            if a is not None:
+                meta[attr] = a
+        if self.plte:
+            meta['palette'] = self.palette()
+        return self.width, self.height, pixels, meta
+
+
+    def read_flat(self):
+        """
+        Read a PNG file and decode it into flat row flat pixel format.
+        Returns (*width*, *height*, *pixels*, *metadata*).
+
+        May use excessive memory.
+
+        `pixels` are returned in flat row flat pixel format.
+
+        See also the :meth:`read` method which returns pixels in the
+        more stream-friendly boxed row flat pixel format.
+        """
+
+        x, y, pixel, meta = self.read()
+        arraycode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth']>8]
+        pixel = array(arraycode, itertools.chain(*pixel))
+        return x, y, pixel, meta
+
+    def palette(self, alpha='natural'):
+        """Returns a palette that is a sequence of 3-tuples or 4-tuples,
+        synthesizing it from the ``PLTE`` and ``tRNS`` chunks.  These
+        chunks should have already been processed (for example, by
+        calling the :meth:`preamble` method).  All the tuples are the
+        same size: 3-tuples if there is no ``tRNS`` chunk, 4-tuples when
+        there is a ``tRNS`` chunk.  Assumes that the image is colour type
+        3 and therefore a ``PLTE`` chunk is required.
+
+        If the `alpha` argument is ``'force'`` then an alpha channel is
+        always added, forcing the result to be a sequence of 4-tuples.
+        """
+
+        if not self.plte:
+            raise FormatError(
+                "Required PLTE chunk is missing in colour type 3 image.")
+        plte = group(array('B', self.plte), 3)
+        if self.trns or alpha == 'force':
+            trns = array('B', self.trns or '')
+            trns.extend([255]*(len(plte)-len(trns)))
+            plte = map(operator.add, plte, group(trns, 1))
+        return plte
+
+    def asDirect(self):
+        """Returns the image data as a direct representation of an
+        ``x * y * planes`` array.  This method is intended to remove the
+        need for callers to deal with palettes and transparency
+        themselves.  Images with a palette (colour type 3)
+        are converted to RGB or RGBA; images with transparency (a
+        ``tRNS`` chunk) are converted to LA or RGBA as appropriate.
+        When returned in this format the pixel values represent the
+        colour value directly without needing to refer to palettes or
+        transparency information.
+
+        Like the :meth:`read` method this method returns a 4-tuple:
+
+        (*width*, *height*, *pixels*, *meta*)
+
+        This method normally returns pixel values with the bit depth
+        they have in the source image, but when the source PNG has an
+        ``sBIT`` chunk it is inspected and can reduce the bit depth of
+        the result pixels; pixel values will be reduced according to
+        the bit depth specified in the ``sBIT`` chunk (PNG nerds should
+        note a single result bit depth is used for all channels; the
+        maximum of the ones specified in the ``sBIT`` chunk.  An RGB565
+        image will be rescaled to 6-bit RGB666).
+
+        The *meta* dictionary that is returned reflects the `direct`
+        format and not the original source image.  For example, an RGB
+        source image with a ``tRNS`` chunk to represent a transparent
+        colour, will have ``planes=3`` and ``alpha=False`` for the
+        source image, but the *meta* dictionary returned by this method
+        will have ``planes=4`` and ``alpha=True`` because an alpha
+        channel is synthesized and added.
+
+        *pixels* is the pixel data in boxed row flat pixel format (just
+        like the :meth:`read` method).
+
+        All the other aspects of the image data are not changed.
+        """
+
+        self.preamble()
+
+        # Simple case, no conversion necessary.
+        if not self.colormap and not self.trns and not self.sbit:
+            return self.read()
+
+        x,y,pixels,meta = self.read()
+
+        if self.colormap:
+            meta['colormap'] = False
+            meta['alpha'] = bool(self.trns)
+            meta['bitdepth'] = 8
+            meta['planes'] = 3 + bool(self.trns)
+            plte = self.palette()
+            def iterpal(pixels):
+                for row in pixels:
+                    row = map(plte.__getitem__, row)
+                    yield array('B', itertools.chain(*row))
+            pixels = iterpal(pixels)
+        elif self.trns:
+            # It would be nice if there was some reasonable way of doing
+            # this without generating a whole load of intermediate tuples.
+            # But tuples does seem like the easiest way, with no other way
+            # clearly much simpler or much faster.  (Actually, the L to LA
+            # conversion could perhaps go faster (all those 1-tuples!), but
+            # I still wonder whether the code proliferation is worth it)
+            it = self.transparent
+            maxval = 2**meta['bitdepth']-1
+            planes = meta['planes']
+            meta['alpha'] = True
+            meta['planes'] += 1
+            typecode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth']>8]
+            def itertrns(pixels):
+                for row in pixels:
+                    # For each row we group it into pixels, then form a
+                    # characterisation vector that says whether each pixel
+                    # is opaque or not.  Then we convert True/False to
+                    # 0/maxval (by multiplication), and add it as the extra
+                    # channel.
+                    row = group(row, planes)
+                    opa = map(it.__ne__, row)
+                    opa = map(maxval.__mul__, opa)
+                    opa = zip(opa) # convert to 1-tuples
+                    yield array(typecode,
+                      itertools.chain(*map(operator.add, row, opa)))
+            pixels = itertrns(pixels)
+        targetbitdepth = None
+        if self.sbit:
+            sbit = struct.unpack('%dB' % len(self.sbit), self.sbit)
+            targetbitdepth = max(sbit)
+            if targetbitdepth > meta['bitdepth']:
+                raise Error('sBIT chunk %r exceeds bitdepth %d' %
+                    (sbit,self.bitdepth))
+            if min(sbit) <= 0:
+                raise Error('sBIT chunk %r has a 0-entry' % sbit)
+            if targetbitdepth == meta['bitdepth']:
+                targetbitdepth = None
+        if targetbitdepth:
+            shift = meta['bitdepth'] - targetbitdepth
+            meta['bitdepth'] = targetbitdepth
+            def itershift(pixels):
+                for row in pixels:
+                    yield map(shift.__rrshift__, row)
+            pixels = itershift(pixels)
+        return x,y,pixels,meta
+
+    def asFloat(self, maxval=1.0):
+        """Return image pixels as per :meth:`asDirect` method, but scale
+        all pixel values to be floating point values between 0.0 and
+        *maxval*.
+        """
+
+        x,y,pixels,info = self.asDirect()
+        sourcemaxval = 2**info['bitdepth']-1
+        del info['bitdepth']
+        info['maxval'] = float(maxval)
+        factor = float(maxval)/float(sourcemaxval)
+        def iterfloat():
+            for row in pixels:
+                yield map(factor.__mul__, row)
+        return x,y,iterfloat(),info
+
+    def _as_rescale(self, get, targetbitdepth):
+        """Helper used by :meth:`asRGB8` and :meth:`asRGBA8`."""
+
+        width,height,pixels,meta = get()
+        maxval = 2**meta['bitdepth'] - 1
+        targetmaxval = 2**targetbitdepth - 1
+        factor = float(targetmaxval) / float(maxval)
+        meta['bitdepth'] = targetbitdepth
+        def iterscale():
+            for row in pixels:
+                yield map(lambda x: int(round(x*factor)), row)
+        if maxval == targetmaxval:
+            return width, height, pixels, meta
+        else:
+            return width, height, iterscale(), meta
+
+    def asRGB8(self):
+        """Return the image data as an RGB pixels with 8-bits per
+        sample.  This is like the :meth:`asRGB` method except that
+        this method additionally rescales the values so that they
+        are all between 0 and 255 (8-bit).  In the case where the
+        source image has a bit depth < 8 the transformation preserves
+        all the information; where the source image has bit depth
+        > 8, then rescaling to 8-bit values loses precision.  No
+        dithering is performed.  Like :meth:`asRGB`, an alpha channel
+        in the source image will raise an exception.
+
+        This function returns a 4-tuple:
+        (*width*, *height*, *pixels*, *metadata*).
+        *width*, *height*, *metadata* are as per the :meth:`read` method.
+        
+        *pixels* is the pixel data in boxed row flat pixel format.
+        """
+
+        return self._as_rescale(self.asRGB, 8)
+
+    def asRGBA8(self):
+        """Return the image data as RGBA pixels with 8-bits per
+        sample.  This method is similar to :meth:`asRGB8` and
+        :meth:`asRGBA`:  The result pixels have an alpha channel, *and*
+        values are rescaled to the range 0 to 255.  The alpha channel is
+        synthesized if necessary (with a small speed penalty).
+        """
+
+        return self._as_rescale(self.asRGBA, 8)
+
+    def asRGB(self):
+        """Return image as RGB pixels.  RGB colour images are passed
+        through unchanged; greyscales are expanded into RGB
+        triplets (there is a small speed overhead for doing this).
+
+        An alpha channel in the source image will raise an
+        exception.
+
+        The return values are as for the :meth:`read` method
+        except that the *metadata* reflect the returned pixels, not the
+        source image.  In particular, for this method
+        ``metadata['greyscale']`` will be ``False``.
+        """
+
+        width,height,pixels,meta = self.asDirect()
+        if meta['alpha']:
+            raise Error("will not convert image with alpha channel to RGB")
+        if not meta['greyscale']:
+            return width,height,pixels,meta
+        meta['greyscale'] = False
+        typecode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth'] > 8]
+        def iterrgb():
+            for row in pixels:
+                a = array(typecode, [0]) * 3 * width
+                for i in range(3):
+                    a[i::3] = row
+                yield a
+        return width,height,iterrgb(),meta
+
+    def asRGBA(self):
+        """Return image as RGBA pixels.  Greyscales are expanded into
+        RGB triplets; an alpha channel is synthesized if necessary.
+        The return values are as for the :meth:`read` method
+        except that the *metadata* reflect the returned pixels, not the
+        source image.  In particular, for this method
+        ``metadata['greyscale']`` will be ``False``, and
+        ``metadata['alpha']`` will be ``True``.
+        """
+
+        width,height,pixels,meta = self.asDirect()
+        if meta['alpha'] and not meta['greyscale']:
+            return width,height,pixels,meta
+        typecode = 'BH'[meta['bitdepth'] > 8]
+        maxval = 2**meta['bitdepth'] - 1
+        maxbuffer = struct.pack('=' + typecode, maxval) * 4 * width
+        def newarray():
+            return array(typecode, maxbuffer)
+
+        if meta['alpha'] and meta['greyscale']:
+            # LA to RGBA
+            def convert():
+                for row in pixels:
+                    # Create a fresh target row, then copy L channel
+                    # into first three target channels, and A channel
+                    # into fourth channel.
+                    a = newarray()
+                    pngfilters.convert_la_to_rgba(row, a)
+                    yield a
+        elif meta['greyscale']:
+            # L to RGBA
+            def convert():
+                for row in pixels:
+                    a = newarray()
+                    pngfilters.convert_l_to_rgba(row, a)
+                    yield a
+        else:
+            assert not meta['alpha'] and not meta['greyscale']
+            # RGB to RGBA
+            def convert():
+                for row in pixels:
+                    a = newarray()
+                    pngfilters.convert_rgb_to_rgba(row, a)
+                    yield a
+        meta['alpha'] = True
+        meta['greyscale'] = False
+        return width,height,convert(),meta
+
+
+# === Legacy Version Support ===
+
+# :pyver:old:  PyPNG works on Python versions 2.3 and 2.2, but not
+# without some awkward problems.  Really PyPNG works on Python 2.4 (and
+# above); it works on Pythons 2.3 and 2.2 by virtue of fixing up
+# problems here.  It's a bit ugly (which is why it's hidden down here).
+#
+# Generally the strategy is one of pretending that we're running on
+# Python 2.4 (or above), and patching up the library support on earlier
+# versions so that it looks enough like Python 2.4.  When it comes to
+# Python 2.2 there is one thing we cannot patch: extended slices
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.3/whatsnew/section-slices.html.
+# Instead we simply declare that features that are implemented using
+# extended slices will not work on Python 2.2.
+#
+# In order to work on Python 2.3 we fix up a recurring annoyance involving
+# the array type.  In Python 2.3 an array cannot be initialised with an
+# array, and it cannot be extended with a list (or other sequence).
+# Both of those are repeated issues in the code.  Whilst I would not
+# normally tolerate this sort of behaviour, here we "shim" a replacement
+# for array into place (and hope no-ones notices).  You never read this.
+#
+# In an amusing case of warty hacks on top of warty hacks... the array
+# shimming we try and do only works on Python 2.3 and above (you can't
+# subclass array.array in Python 2.2).  So to get it working on Python
+# 2.2 we go for something much simpler and (probably) way slower.
+try:
+    array('B').extend([])
+    array('B', array('B'))
+except:
+    # Expect to get here on Python 2.3
+    try:
+        class _array_shim(array):
+            true_array = array
+            def __new__(cls, typecode, init=None):
+                super_new = super(_array_shim, cls).__new__
+                it = super_new(cls, typecode)
+                if init is None:
+                    return it
+                it.extend(init)
+                return it
+            def extend(self, extension):
+                super_extend = super(_array_shim, self).extend
+                if isinstance(extension, self.true_array):
+                    return super_extend(extension)
+                if not isinstance(extension, (list, str)):
+                    # Convert to list.  Allows iterators to work.
+                    extension = list(extension)
+                return super_extend(self.true_array(self.typecode, extension))
+        array = _array_shim
+    except:
+        # Expect to get here on Python 2.2
+        def array(typecode, init=()):
+            if type(init) == str:
+                return map(ord, init)
+            return list(init)
+
+# Further hacks to get it limping along on Python 2.2
+try:
+    enumerate
+except:
+    def enumerate(seq):
+        i=0
+        for x in seq:
+            yield i,x
+            i += 1
+
+try:
+    reversed
+except:
+    def reversed(l):
+        l = list(l)
+        l.reverse()
+        for x in l:
+            yield x
+
+try:
+    itertools
+except:
+    class _dummy_itertools:
+        pass
+    itertools = _dummy_itertools()
+    def _itertools_imap(f, seq):
+        for x in seq:
+            yield f(x)
+    itertools.imap = _itertools_imap
+    def _itertools_chain(*iterables):
+        for it in iterables:
+            for element in it:
+                yield element
+    itertools.chain = _itertools_chain
+
+
+# === Support for users without Cython ===
+
+try:
+    pngfilters
+except:
+    class pngfilters(object):
+        def undo_filter_sub(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+            """Undo sub filter."""
+
+            ai = 0
+            # Loops starts at index fu.  Observe that the initial part
+            # of the result is already filled in correctly with
+            # scanline.
+            for i in range(filter_unit, len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                a = result[ai]
+                result[i] = (x + a) & 0xff
+                ai += 1
+        undo_filter_sub = staticmethod(undo_filter_sub)
+
+        def undo_filter_up(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+            """Undo up filter."""
+
+            for i in range(len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                b = previous[i]
+                result[i] = (x + b) & 0xff
+        undo_filter_up = staticmethod(undo_filter_up)
+
+        def undo_filter_average(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+            """Undo up filter."""
+
+            ai = -filter_unit
+            for i in range(len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                if ai < 0:
+                    a = 0
+                else:
+                    a = result[ai]
+                b = previous[i]
+                result[i] = (x + ((a + b) >> 1)) & 0xff
+                ai += 1
+        undo_filter_average = staticmethod(undo_filter_average)
+
+        def undo_filter_paeth(filter_unit, scanline, previous, result):
+            """Undo Paeth filter."""
+
+            # Also used for ci.
+            ai = -filter_unit
+            for i in range(len(result)):
+                x = scanline[i]
+                if ai < 0:
+                    a = c = 0
+                else:
+                    a = result[ai]
+                    c = previous[ai]
+                b = previous[i]
+                p = a + b - c
+                pa = abs(p - a)
+                pb = abs(p - b)
+                pc = abs(p - c)
+                if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
+                    pr = a
+                elif pb <= pc:
+                    pr = b
+                else:
+                    pr = c
+                result[i] = (x + pr) & 0xff
+                ai += 1
+        undo_filter_paeth = staticmethod(undo_filter_paeth)
+
+        def convert_la_to_rgba(row, result):
+            for i in range(3):
+                result[i::4] = row[0::2]
+            result[3::4] = row[1::2]
+        convert_la_to_rgba = staticmethod(convert_la_to_rgba)
+
+        def convert_l_to_rgba(row, result):
+            """Convert a grayscale image to RGBA. This method assumes the alpha
+            channel in result is already correctly initialized."""
+            for i in range(3):
+                result[i::4] = row
+        convert_l_to_rgba = staticmethod(convert_l_to_rgba)
+
+        def convert_rgb_to_rgba(row, result):
+            """Convert an RGB image to RGBA. This method assumes the alpha
+            channel in result is already correctly initialized."""
+            for i in range(3):
+                result[i::4] = row[i::3]
+        convert_rgb_to_rgba = staticmethod(convert_rgb_to_rgba)
+
+
+# === Internal Test Support ===
+
+# This section comprises the tests that are internally validated (as
+# opposed to tests which produce output files that are externally
+# validated).  Primarily they are unittests.
+
+# Note that it is difficult to internally validate the results of
+# writing a PNG file.  The only thing we can do is read it back in
+# again, which merely checks consistency, not that the PNG file we
+# produce is valid.
+
+# Run the tests from the command line:
+# python -c 'import png;png.test()'
+
+# (For an in-memory binary file IO object) We use BytesIO where
+# available, otherwise we use StringIO, but name it BytesIO.
+try:
+    from io import BytesIO
+except:
+    from StringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
+import tempfile
+# http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.4/lib/module-unittest.html
+import unittest
+
+
+def test():
+    unittest.main(__name__)
+
+def topngbytes(name, rows, x, y, **k):
+    """Convenience function for creating a PNG file "in memory" as a
+    string.  Creates a :class:`Writer` instance using the keyword arguments,
+    then passes `rows` to its :meth:`Writer.write` method.  The resulting
+    PNG file is returned as a string.  `name` is used to identify the file for
+    debugging.
+    """
+
+    import os
+
+    print name
+    f = BytesIO()
+    w = Writer(x, y, **k)
+    w.write(f, rows)
+    if os.environ.get('PYPNG_TEST_TMP'):
+        w = open(name, 'wb')
+        w.write(f.getvalue())
+        w.close()
+    return f.getvalue()
+
+def testWithIO(inp, out, f):
+    """Calls the function `f` with ``sys.stdin`` changed to `inp`
+    and ``sys.stdout`` changed to `out`.  They are restored when `f`
+    returns.  This function returns whatever `f` returns.
+    """
+
+    import os
+
+    try:
+        oldin,sys.stdin = sys.stdin,inp
+        oldout,sys.stdout = sys.stdout,out
+        x = f()
+    finally:
+        sys.stdin = oldin
+        sys.stdout = oldout
+    if os.environ.get('PYPNG_TEST_TMP') and hasattr(out,'getvalue'):
+        name = mycallersname()
+        if name:
+            w = open(name+'.png', 'wb')
+            w.write(out.getvalue())
+            w.close()
+    return x
+
+def mycallersname():
+    """Returns the name of the caller of the caller of this function
+    (hence the name of the caller of the function in which
+    "mycallersname()" textually appears).  Returns None if this cannot
+    be determined."""
+
+    # http://docs.python.org/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
+    import inspect
+
+    frame = inspect.currentframe()
+    if not frame:
+        return None
+    frame_,filename_,lineno_,funname,linelist_,listi_ = (
+      inspect.getouterframes(frame)[2])
+    return funname
+
+def seqtobytes(s):
+    """Convert a sequence of integers to a *bytes* instance.  Good for
+    plastering over Python 2 / Python 3 cracks.
+    """
+
+    return strtobytes(''.join(chr(x) for x in s))
+
+class Test(unittest.TestCase):
+    # This member is used by the superclass.  If we don't define a new
+    # class here then when we use self.assertRaises() and the PyPNG code
+    # raises an assertion then we get no proper traceback.  I can't work
+    # out why, but defining a new class here means we get a proper
+    # traceback.
+    class failureException(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def helperLN(self, n):
+        mask = (1 << n) - 1
+        # Use small chunk_limit so that multiple chunk writing is
+        # tested.  Making it a test for Issue 20.
+        w = Writer(15, 17, greyscale=True, bitdepth=n, chunk_limit=99)
+        f = BytesIO()
+        w.write_array(f, array('B', map(mask.__and__, range(1, 256))))
+        r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.read()
+        self.assertEqual(x, 15)
+        self.assertEqual(y, 17)
+        self.assertEqual(list(itertools.chain(*pixels)),
+                         map(mask.__and__, range(1,256)))
+    def testL8(self):
+        return self.helperLN(8)
+    def testL4(self):
+        return self.helperLN(4)
+    def testL2(self):
+        "Also tests asRGB8."
+        w = Writer(1, 4, greyscale=True, bitdepth=2)
+        f = BytesIO()
+        w.write_array(f, array('B', range(4)))
+        r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGB8()
+        self.assertEqual(x, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(y, 4)
+        for i,row in enumerate(pixels):
+            self.assertEqual(len(row), 3)
+            self.assertEqual(list(row), [0x55*i]*3)
+    def testP2(self):
+        "2-bit palette."
+        a = (255,255,255)
+        b = (200,120,120)
+        c = (50,99,50)
+        w = Writer(1, 4, bitdepth=2, palette=[a,b,c])
+        f = BytesIO()
+        w.write_array(f, array('B', (0,1,1,2)))
+        r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGB8()
+        self.assertEqual(x, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(y, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(map(list, pixels), map(list, [a, b, b, c]))
+    def testPtrns(self):
+        "Test colour type 3 and tRNS chunk (and 4-bit palette)."
+        a = (50,99,50,50)
+        b = (200,120,120,80)
+        c = (255,255,255)
+        d = (200,120,120)
+        e = (50,99,50)
+        w = Writer(3, 3, bitdepth=4, palette=[a,b,c,d,e])
+        f = BytesIO()
+        w.write_array(f, array('B', (4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1)))
+        r = Reader(bytes=f.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA8()
+        self.assertEqual(x, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(y, 3)
+        c = c+(255,)
+        d = d+(255,)
+        e = e+(255,)
+        boxed = [(e,d,c),(d,c,a),(c,a,b)]
+        flat = map(lambda row: itertools.chain(*row), boxed)
+        self.assertEqual(map(list, pixels), map(list, flat))
+    def testRGBtoRGBA(self):
+        "asRGBA8() on colour type 2 source."""
+        # Test for Issue 26
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn2c08'])
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA8()
+        # Test the pixels at row 9 columns 0 and 1.
+        row9 = list(pixels)[9]
+        self.assertEqual(list(row9[0:8]),
+                         [0xff, 0xdf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xde, 0xff, 0xff])
+    def testLtoRGBA(self):
+        "asRGBA() on grey source."""
+        # Test for Issue 60
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basi0g08'])
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA()
+        row9 = list(list(pixels)[9])
+        self.assertEqual(row9[0:8],
+          [222, 222, 222, 255, 221, 221, 221, 255])
+    def testCtrns(self):
+        "Test colour type 2 and tRNS chunk."
+        # Test for Issue 25
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['tbrn2c08'])
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.asRGBA8()
+        # I just happen to know that the first pixel is transparent.
+        # In particular it should be #7f7f7f00
+        row0 = list(pixels)[0]
+        self.assertEqual(tuple(row0[0:4]), (0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x00))
+    def testAdam7read(self):
+        """Adam7 interlace reading.
+        Specifically, test that for images in the PngSuite that
+        have both an interlaced and straightlaced pair that both
+        images from the pair produce the same array of pixels."""
+        for candidate in _pngsuite:
+            if not candidate.startswith('basn'):
+                continue
+            candi = candidate.replace('n', 'i')
+            if candi not in _pngsuite:
+                continue
+            print 'adam7 read', candidate
+            straight = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite[candidate])
+            adam7 = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite[candi])
+            # Just compare the pixels.  Ignore x,y (because they're
+            # likely to be correct?); metadata is ignored because the
+            # "interlace" member differs.  Lame.
+            straight = straight.read()[2]
+            adam7 = adam7.read()[2]
+            self.assertEqual(map(list, straight), map(list, adam7))
+    def testAdam7write(self):
+        """Adam7 interlace writing.
+        For each test image in the PngSuite, write an interlaced
+        and a straightlaced version.  Decode both, and compare results.
+        """
+        # Not such a great test, because the only way we can check what
+        # we have written is to read it back again.
+
+        for name,bytes in _pngsuite.items():
+            # Only certain colour types supported for this test.
+            if name[3:5] not in ['n0', 'n2', 'n4', 'n6']:
+                continue
+            it = Reader(bytes=bytes)
+            x,y,pixels,meta = it.read()
+            pngi = topngbytes('adam7wn'+name+'.png', pixels,
+              x=x, y=y, bitdepth=it.bitdepth,
+              greyscale=it.greyscale, alpha=it.alpha,
+              transparent=it.transparent,
+              interlace=False)
+            x,y,ps,meta = Reader(bytes=pngi).read()
+            it = Reader(bytes=bytes)
+            x,y,pixels,meta = it.read()
+            pngs = topngbytes('adam7wi'+name+'.png', pixels,
+              x=x, y=y, bitdepth=it.bitdepth,
+              greyscale=it.greyscale, alpha=it.alpha,
+              transparent=it.transparent,
+              interlace=True)
+            x,y,pi,meta = Reader(bytes=pngs).read()
+            self.assertEqual(map(list, ps), map(list, pi))
+    def testPGMin(self):
+        """Test that the command line tool can read PGM files."""
+        def do():
+            return _main(['testPGMin'])
+        s = BytesIO()
+        s.write(strtobytes('P5 2 2 3\n'))
+        s.write(strtobytes('\x00\x01\x02\x03'))
+        s.flush()
+        s.seek(0)
+        o = BytesIO()
+        testWithIO(s, o, do)
+        r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.read()
+        self.assertTrue(r.greyscale)
+        self.assertEqual(r.bitdepth, 2)
+    def testPAMin(self):
+        """Test that the command line tool can read PAM file."""
+        def do():
+            return _main(['testPAMin'])
+        s = BytesIO()
+        s.write(strtobytes('P7\nWIDTH 3\nHEIGHT 1\nDEPTH 4\nMAXVAL 255\n'
+                'TUPLTYPE RGB_ALPHA\nENDHDR\n'))
+        # The pixels in flat row flat pixel format
+        flat =  [255,0,0,255, 0,255,0,120, 0,0,255,30]
+        asbytes = seqtobytes(flat)
+        s.write(asbytes)
+        s.flush()
+        s.seek(0)
+        o = BytesIO()
+        testWithIO(s, o, do)
+        r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.read()
+        self.assertTrue(r.alpha)
+        self.assertTrue(not r.greyscale)
+        self.assertEqual(list(itertools.chain(*pixels)), flat)
+    def testLA4(self):
+        """Create an LA image with bitdepth 4."""
+        bytes = topngbytes('la4.png', [[5, 12]], 1, 1,
+          greyscale=True, alpha=True, bitdepth=4)
+        sbit = Reader(bytes=bytes).chunk('sBIT')[1]
+        self.assertEqual(sbit, strtobytes('\x04\x04'))
+    def testPal(self):
+        """Test that a palette PNG returns the palette in info."""
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn3p04'])
+        x,y,pixels,info = r.read()
+        self.assertEqual(x, 32)
+        self.assertEqual(y, 32)
+        self.assertTrue('palette' in info)
+    def testPalWrite(self):
+        """Test metadata for paletted PNG can be passed from one PNG
+        to another."""
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn3p04'])
+        x,y,pixels,info = r.read()
+        w = Writer(**info)
+        o = BytesIO()
+        w.write(o, pixels)
+        o.flush()
+        o.seek(0)
+        r = Reader(file=o)
+        _,_,_,again_info = r.read()
+        # Same palette
+        self.assertEqual(again_info['palette'], info['palette'])
+    def testPalExpand(self):
+        """Test that bitdepth can be used to fiddle with pallete image."""
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn3p04'])
+        x,y,pixels,info = r.read()
+        pixels = [list(row) for row in pixels]
+        info['bitdepth'] = 8
+        w = Writer(**info)
+        o = BytesIO()
+        w.write(o, pixels)
+        o.flush()
+        o.seek(0)
+        r = Reader(file=o)
+        _,_,again_pixels,again_info = r.read()
+        # Same pixels
+        again_pixels = [list(row) for row in again_pixels]
+        self.assertEqual(again_pixels, pixels)
+
+    def testPNMsbit(self):
+        """Test that PNM files can generates sBIT chunk."""
+        def do():
+            return _main(['testPNMsbit'])
+        s = BytesIO()
+        s.write(strtobytes('P6 8 1 1\n'))
+        for pixel in range(8):
+            s.write(struct.pack('<I', (0x4081*pixel)&0x10101)[:3])
+        s.flush()
+        s.seek(0)
+        o = BytesIO()
+        testWithIO(s, o, do)
+        r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+        sbit = r.chunk('sBIT')[1]
+        self.assertEqual(sbit, strtobytes('\x01\x01\x01'))
+    def testLtrns0(self):
+        """Create greyscale image with tRNS chunk."""
+        return self.helperLtrns(0)
+    def testLtrns1(self):
+        """Using 1-tuple for transparent arg."""
+        return self.helperLtrns((0,))
+    def helperLtrns(self, transparent):
+        """Helper used by :meth:`testLtrns*`."""
+        pixels = zip([0x00, 0x38, 0x4c, 0x54, 0x5c, 0x40, 0x38, 0x00])
+        o = BytesIO()
+        w = Writer(8, 8, greyscale=True, bitdepth=1, transparent=transparent)
+        w.write_packed(o, pixels)
+        r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,meta = r.asDirect()
+        self.assertTrue(meta['alpha'])
+        self.assertTrue(meta['greyscale'])
+        self.assertEqual(meta['bitdepth'], 1)
+    def testWinfo(self):
+        """Test the dictionary returned by a `read` method can be used
+        as args for :meth:`Writer`.
+        """
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn2c16'])
+        info = r.read()[3]
+        w = Writer(**info)
+    def testPackedIter(self):
+        """Test iterator for row when using write_packed.
+
+        Indicative for Issue 47.
+        """
+        w = Writer(16, 2, greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=1)
+        o = BytesIO()
+        w.write_packed(o, [itertools.chain([0x0a], [0xaa]),
+                           itertools.chain([0x0f], [0xff])])
+        r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+        x,y,pixels,info = r.asDirect()
+        pixels = list(pixels)
+        self.assertEqual(len(pixels), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(pixels[0]), 16)
+    def testInterlacedArray(self):
+        """Test that reading an interlaced PNG yields each row as an
+        array."""
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basi0g08'])
+        list(r.read()[2])[0].tostring
+    def testTrnsArray(self):
+        """Test that reading a type 2 PNG with tRNS chunk yields each
+        row as an array (using asDirect)."""
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['tbrn2c08'])
+        list(r.asDirect()[2])[0].tostring
+
+    # Invalid file format tests.  These construct various badly
+    # formatted PNG files, then feed them into a Reader.  When
+    # everything is working properly, we should get FormatError
+    # exceptions raised.
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        """Test empty file."""
+
+        r = Reader(bytes='')
+        self.assertRaises(FormatError, r.asDirect)
+    def testSigOnly(self):
+        """Test file containing just signature bytes."""
+
+        r = Reader(bytes=_signature)
+        self.assertRaises(FormatError, r.asDirect)
+    def testExtraPixels(self):
+        """Test file that contains too many pixels."""
+
+        def eachchunk(chunk):
+            if chunk[0] != 'IDAT':
+                return chunk
+            data = zlib.decompress(chunk[1])
+            data += strtobytes('\x00garbage')
+            data = zlib.compress(data)
+            chunk = (chunk[0], data)
+            return chunk
+        self.assertRaises(FormatError, self.helperFormat, eachchunk)
+    def testNotEnoughPixels(self):
+        def eachchunk(chunk):
+            if chunk[0] != 'IDAT':
+                return chunk
+            # Remove last byte.
+            data = zlib.decompress(chunk[1])
+            data = data[:-1]
+            data = zlib.compress(data)
+            return (chunk[0], data)
+        self.assertRaises(FormatError, self.helperFormat, eachchunk)
+    def helperFormat(self, f):
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn0g01'])
+        o = BytesIO()
+        def newchunks():
+            for chunk in r.chunks():
+                yield f(chunk)
+        write_chunks(o, newchunks())
+        r = Reader(bytes=o.getvalue())
+        return list(r.asDirect()[2])
+    def testBadFilter(self):
+        def eachchunk(chunk):
+            if chunk[0] != 'IDAT':
+                return chunk
+            data = zlib.decompress(chunk[1])
+            # Corrupt the first filter byte
+            data = strtobytes('\x99') + data[1:]
+            data = zlib.compress(data)
+            return (chunk[0], data)
+        self.assertRaises(FormatError, self.helperFormat, eachchunk)
+
+    def testFlat(self):
+        """Test read_flat."""
+        import hashlib
+
+        r = Reader(bytes=_pngsuite['basn0g02'])
+        x,y,pixel,meta = r.read_flat()
+        d = hashlib.md5(seqtobytes(pixel)).digest()
+        self.assertEqual(_enhex(d), '255cd971ab8cd9e7275ff906e5041aa0')
+    def testfromarray(self):
+        img = from_array([[0, 0x33, 0x66], [0xff, 0xcc, 0x99]], 'L')
+        img.save('testfromarray.png')
+    def testfromarrayL16(self):
+        img = from_array(group(range(2**16), 256), 'L;16')
+        img.save('testL16.png')
+    def testfromarrayRGB(self):
+        img = from_array([[0,0,0, 0,0,1, 0,1,0, 0,1,1],
+                          [1,0,0, 1,0,1, 1,1,0, 1,1,1]], 'RGB;1')
+        o = BytesIO()
+        img.save(o)
+    def testfromarrayIter(self):
+        import itertools
+
+        i = itertools.islice(itertools.count(10), 20)
+        i = itertools.imap(lambda x: [x, x, x], i)
+        img = from_array(i, 'RGB;5', dict(height=20))
+        f = open('testiter.png', 'wb')
+        img.save(f)
+        f.close()
+
+    # numpy dependent tests.  These are skipped (with a message to
+    # sys.stderr) if numpy cannot be imported.
+    def testNumpyuint16(self):
+        """numpy uint16."""
+
+        try:
+            import numpy
+        except ImportError:
+            print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+            return
+
+        rows = [map(numpy.uint16, range(0,0x10000,0x5555))]
+        b = topngbytes('numpyuint16.png', rows, 4, 1,
+            greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=16)
+    def testNumpyuint8(self):
+        """numpy uint8."""
+
+        try:
+            import numpy
+        except ImportError:
+            print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+            return
+
+        rows = [map(numpy.uint8, range(0,0x100,0x55))]
+        b = topngbytes('numpyuint8.png', rows, 4, 1,
+            greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=8)
+    def testNumpybool(self):
+        """numpy bool."""
+
+        try:
+            import numpy
+        except ImportError:
+            print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+            return
+
+        rows = [map(numpy.bool, [0,1])]
+        b = topngbytes('numpybool.png', rows, 2, 1,
+            greyscale=True, alpha=False, bitdepth=1)
+    def testNumpyarray(self):
+        """numpy array."""
+        try:
+            import numpy
+        except ImportError:
+            print >>sys.stderr, "skipping numpy test"
+            return
+
+        pixels = numpy.array([[0,0x5555],[0x5555,0xaaaa]], numpy.uint16)
+        img = from_array(pixels, 'L')
+        img.save('testnumpyL16.png')
+
+    def paeth(self, x, a, b, c):
+        p = a + b - c
+        pa = abs(p - a)
+        pb = abs(p - b)
+        pc = abs(p - c)
+        if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
+            pr = a
+        elif pb <= pc:
+            pr = b
+        else:
+            pr = c
+        return x - pr
+
+    # test filters and unfilters
+    def testFilterScanlineFirstLine(self):
+        fo = 3  # bytes per pixel
+        line = [30, 31, 32, 230, 231, 232]
+        out = filter_scanline(0, line, fo, None)  # none
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [0, 30, 31, 32, 230, 231, 232])
+        out = filter_scanline(1, line, fo, None)  # sub
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [1, 30, 31, 32, 200, 200, 200])
+        out = filter_scanline(2, line, fo, None)  # up
+        # TODO: All filtered scanlines start with a byte indicating the filter
+        # algorithm, except "up". Is this a bug? Should the expected output
+        # start with 2 here?
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [30, 31, 32, 230, 231, 232])
+        out = filter_scanline(3, line, fo, None)  # average
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [3, 30, 31, 32, 215, 216, 216])
+        out = filter_scanline(4, line, fo, None)  # paeth
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [
+            4, self.paeth(30, 0, 0, 0), self.paeth(31, 0, 0, 0),
+            self.paeth(32, 0, 0, 0), self.paeth(230, 30, 0, 0),
+            self.paeth(231, 31, 0, 0), self.paeth(232, 32, 0, 0)
+            ])
+    def testFilterScanline(self):
+        prev = [20, 21, 22, 210, 211, 212]
+        line = [30, 32, 34, 230, 233, 236]
+        fo = 3
+        out = filter_scanline(0, line, fo, prev)  # none
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [0, 30, 32, 34, 230, 233, 236])
+        out = filter_scanline(1, line, fo, prev)  # sub
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [1, 30, 32, 34, 200, 201, 202])
+        out = filter_scanline(2, line, fo, prev)  # up
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [2, 10, 11, 12, 20, 22, 24])
+        out = filter_scanline(3, line, fo, prev)  # average
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [3, 20, 22, 23, 110, 112, 113])
+        out = filter_scanline(4, line, fo, prev)  # paeth
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [
+            4, self.paeth(30, 0, 20, 0), self.paeth(32, 0, 21, 0),
+            self.paeth(34, 0, 22, 0), self.paeth(230, 30, 210, 20),
+            self.paeth(233, 32, 211, 21), self.paeth(236, 34, 212, 22)
+            ])
+    def testUnfilterScanline(self):
+        reader = Reader(bytes='')
+        reader.psize = 3
+        scanprev = array('B', [20, 21, 22, 210, 211, 212])
+        scanline = array('B', [30, 32, 34, 230, 233, 236])
+        def cp(a):
+            return array('B', a)
+
+        out = reader.undo_filter(0, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), list(scanline))  # none
+        out = reader.undo_filter(1, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [30, 32, 34, 4, 9, 14])  # sub
+        out = reader.undo_filter(2, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [50, 53, 56, 184, 188, 192])  # up
+        out = reader.undo_filter(3, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [40, 42, 45, 99, 103, 108])  # average
+        out = reader.undo_filter(4, cp(scanline), cp(scanprev))
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [50, 53, 56, 184, 188, 192])  # paeth
+    def testUnfilterScanlinePaeth(self):
+        # This tests more edge cases in the paeth unfilter
+        reader = Reader(bytes='')
+        reader.psize = 3
+        scanprev = array('B', [2, 0, 0, 0, 9, 11])
+        scanline = array('B', [6, 10, 9, 100, 101, 102])
+
+        out = reader.undo_filter(4, scanline, scanprev)
+        self.assertEqual(list(out), [8, 10, 9, 108, 111, 113])  # paeth
+    def testIterstraight(self):
+        def arraify(list_of_str):
+            return [array('B', s) for s in list_of_str]
+        reader = Reader(bytes='')
+        reader.row_bytes = 6
+        reader.psize = 3
+        rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abcdef', '\x00ghijkl']))
+        self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+        rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abc', 'def\x00ghijkl']))
+        self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+        rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abcdef\x00ghijkl']))
+        self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+        rows = reader.iterstraight(arraify(['\x00abcdef\x00ghi', 'jkl']))
+        self.assertEqual(list(rows), arraify(['abcdef', 'ghijkl']))
+
+# === Command Line Support ===
+
+def _dehex(s):
+    """Liberally convert from hex string to binary string."""
+    import re
+    import binascii
+
+    # Remove all non-hexadecimal digits
+    s = re.sub(r'[^a-fA-F\d]', '', s)
+    # binscii.unhexlify works in Python 2 and Python 3 (unlike
+    # thing.decode('hex')).
+    return binascii.unhexlify(strtobytes(s))
+def _enhex(s):
+    """Convert from binary string (bytes) to hex string (str)."""
+
+    import binascii
+
+    return bytestostr(binascii.hexlify(s))
+
+# Copies of PngSuite test files taken
+# from http://www.schaik.com/pngsuite/pngsuite_bas_png.html
+# on 2009-02-19 by drj and converted to hex.
+# Some of these are not actually in PngSuite (but maybe they should
+# be?), they use the same naming scheme, but start with a capital
+# letter.
+_pngsuite = {
+  'basi0g01': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d49484452000000200000002001000000012c0677
+cf0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f0000009049444154789c2d8d310ec2
+300c45dfc682c415187a00a42e197ab81e83b127e00c5639001363a580d8582c
+65c910357c4b78b0bfbfdf4f70168c19e7acb970a3f2d1ded9695ce5bf5963df
+d92aaf4c9fd927ea449e6487df5b9c36e799b91bdf082b4d4bd4014fe4014b01
+ab7a17aee694d28d328a2d63837a70451e1648702d9a9ff4a11d2f7a51aa21e5
+a18c7ffd0094e3511d661822f20000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basi0g02': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d49484452000000200000002002000000016ba60d
+1f0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f0000005149444154789c635062e860
+00e17286bb609c93c370ec189494960631366e4467b3ae675dcf10f521ea0303
+90c1ca006444e11643482064114a4852c710baea3f18c31918020c30410403a6
+0ac1a09239009c52804d85b6d97d0000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basi0g04': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000020000000200400000001e4e6f8
+bf0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f000000ae49444154789c658e5111c2
+301044171c141c141c041c843a287510ea20d441c041c141c141c04191102454
+03994998cecd7edcecedbb9bdbc3b2c2b6457545fbc4bac1be437347f7c66a77
+3c23d60db15e88f5c5627338a5416c2e691a9b475a89cd27eda12895ae8dfdab
+43d61e590764f5c83a226b40d669bec307f93247701687723abf31ff83a2284b
+a5b4ae6b63ac6520ad730ca4ed7b06d20e030369bd6720ed383290360406d24e
+13811f2781eba9d34d07160000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basi0g08': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000020000000200800000001211615
+be0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f000000b549444154789cb5905d0ac2
+3010849dbac81c42c47bf843cf253e8878b0aa17110f214bdca6be240f5d21a5
+94ced3e49bcd322c1624115515154998aa424822a82a5624a1aa8a8b24c58f99
+999908130989a04a00d76c2c09e76cf21adcb209393a6553577da17140a2c59e
+70ecbfa388dff1f03b82fb82bd07f05f7cb13f80bb07ad2fd60c011c3c588eef
+f1f4e03bbec7ce832dca927aea005e431b625796345307b019c845e6bfc3bb98
+769d84f9efb02ea6c00f9bb9ff45e81f9f280000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basi0g16': _dehex("""
+89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d49484452000000200000002010000000017186c9
+fd0000000467414d41000186a031e8965f000000e249444154789cb5913b0ec2
+301044c7490aa8f85d81c3e4301c8f53a4ca0da8902c8144b3920b4043111282
+23bc4956681a6bf5fc3c5a3ba0448912d91a4de2c38dd8e380231eede4c4f7a1
+4677700bec7bd9b1d344689315a3418d1a6efbe5b8305ba01f8ff4808c063e26
+c60d5c81edcf6c58c535e252839e93801b15c0a70d810ae0d306b205dc32b187
+272b64057e4720ff0502154034831520154034c3df81400510cdf0015c86e5cc
+5c79c639fddba9dcb5456b51d7980eb52d8e7d7fa620a75120d6064641a05120
+b606771a05626b401a05f1f589827cf0fe44c1f0bae0055698ee8914fffffe00
+00000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basi2c08': _dehex("""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+"""),
+  'basi2c16': _dehex("""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+"""),
+  'basi3p08': _dehex("""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+02f80f73fefe1072afc1e50000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basi6a08': _dehex("""
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+200314cf801faab200ea752803a8d7a90c503a039f824a53f4694e7342000000
+0049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basn0g01': _dehex("""
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+ae426082
+"""),
+  'basn0g02': _dehex("""
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+1f8cf1308850c20053868f0133091f6390b90700bd497f818b0989a900000000
+49454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  # A version of basn0g04 dithered down to 3 bits.
+  'Basn0g03': _dehex("""
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+426082
+"""),
+  'basn0g04': _dehex("""
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+01eaff41fa0000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basn0g08': _dehex("""
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+000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basn0g16': _dehex("""
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+454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basn2c08': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+  'basn2c16': _dehex("""
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+b1802a7a14c89f016d74ce331bf080ce9e08f8414f04bca133bfe642fe5e07bb
+c4ec0000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basn3p04': _dehex("""
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+37190200e0c4ead10f82057d0000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'basn6a08': _dehex("""
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+011bf00052201a9c160fb84c0000000049454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'cs3n3p08': _dehex("""
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+c60000000467414d41000186a031e8965f0000000373424954030303a392a042
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+426082
+"""),
+  's09n3p02': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+  'tbgn3p08': _dehex("""
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+49454e44ae426082
+"""),
+  'Tp2n3p08': _dehex("""
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+44ae426082
+"""),
+  'tbbn1g04': _dehex("""
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+"""),
+  'tbrn2c08': _dehex("""
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+"""),
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+}
+
+def read_pam_header(infile):
+    """
+    Read (the rest of a) PAM header.  `infile` should be positioned
+    immediately after the initial 'P7' line (at the beginning of the
+    second line).  Returns are as for `read_pnm_header`.
+    """
+    
+    # Unlike PBM, PGM, and PPM, we can read the header a line at a time.
+    header = dict()
+    while True:
+        l = infile.readline().strip()
+        if l == strtobytes('ENDHDR'):
+            break
+        if not l:
+            raise EOFError('PAM ended prematurely')
+        if l[0] == strtobytes('#'):
+            continue
+        l = l.split(None, 1)
+        if l[0] not in header:
+            header[l[0]] = l[1]
+        else:
+            header[l[0]] += strtobytes(' ') + l[1]
+
+    required = ['WIDTH', 'HEIGHT', 'DEPTH', 'MAXVAL']
+    required = [strtobytes(x) for x in required]
+    WIDTH,HEIGHT,DEPTH,MAXVAL = required
+    present = [x for x in required if x in header]
+    if len(present) != len(required):
+        raise Error('PAM file must specify WIDTH, HEIGHT, DEPTH, and MAXVAL')
+    width = int(header[WIDTH])
+    height = int(header[HEIGHT])
+    depth = int(header[DEPTH])
+    maxval = int(header[MAXVAL])
+    if (width <= 0 or
+        height <= 0 or
+        depth <= 0 or
+        maxval <= 0):
+        raise Error(
+          'WIDTH, HEIGHT, DEPTH, MAXVAL must all be positive integers')
+    return 'P7', width, height, depth, maxval
+
+def read_pnm_header(infile, supported=('P5','P6')):
+    """
+    Read a PNM header, returning (format,width,height,depth,maxval).
+    `width` and `height` are in pixels.  `depth` is the number of
+    channels in the image; for PBM and PGM it is synthesized as 1, for
+    PPM as 3; for PAM images it is read from the header.  `maxval` is
+    synthesized (as 1) for PBM images.
+    """
+
+    # Generally, see http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppm.html
+    # and http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pam.html
+
+    supported = [strtobytes(x) for x in supported]
+
+    # Technically 'P7' must be followed by a newline, so by using
+    # rstrip() we are being liberal in what we accept.  I think this
+    # is acceptable.
+    type = infile.read(3).rstrip()
+    if type not in supported:
+        raise NotImplementedError('file format %s not supported' % type)
+    if type == strtobytes('P7'):
+        # PAM header parsing is completely different.
+        return read_pam_header(infile)
+    # Expected number of tokens in header (3 for P4, 4 for P6)
+    expected = 4
+    pbm = ('P1', 'P4')
+    if type in pbm:
+        expected = 3
+    header = [type]
+
+    # We have to read the rest of the header byte by byte because the
+    # final whitespace character (immediately following the MAXVAL in
+    # the case of P6) may not be a newline.  Of course all PNM files in
+    # the wild use a newline at this point, so it's tempting to use
+    # readline; but it would be wrong.
+    def getc():
+        c = infile.read(1)
+        if not c:
+            raise Error('premature EOF reading PNM header')
+        return c
+
+    c = getc()
+    while True:
+        # Skip whitespace that precedes a token.
+        while c.isspace():
+            c = getc()
+        # Skip comments.
+        while c == '#':
+            while c not in '\n\r':
+                c = getc()
+        if not c.isdigit():
+            raise Error('unexpected character %s found in header' % c)
+        # According to the specification it is legal to have comments
+        # that appear in the middle of a token.
+        # This is bonkers; I've never seen it; and it's a bit awkward to
+        # code good lexers in Python (no goto).  So we break on such
+        # cases.
+        token = strtobytes('')
+        while c.isdigit():
+            token += c
+            c = getc()
+        # Slight hack.  All "tokens" are decimal integers, so convert
+        # them here.
+        header.append(int(token))
+        if len(header) == expected:
+            break
+    # Skip comments (again)
+    while c == '#':
+        while c not in '\n\r':
+            c = getc()
+    if not c.isspace():
+        raise Error('expected header to end with whitespace, not %s' % c)
+
+    if type in pbm:
+        # synthesize a MAXVAL
+        header.append(1)
+    depth = (1,3)[type == strtobytes('P6')]
+    return header[0], header[1], header[2], depth, header[3]
+
+def write_pnm(file, width, height, pixels, meta):
+    """Write a Netpbm PNM/PAM file."""
+
+    bitdepth = meta['bitdepth']
+    maxval = 2**bitdepth - 1
+    # Rudely, the number of image planes can be used to determine
+    # whether we are L (PGM), LA (PAM), RGB (PPM), or RGBA (PAM).
+    planes = meta['planes']
+    # Can be an assert as long as we assume that pixels and meta came
+    # from a PNG file.
+    assert planes in (1,2,3,4)
+    if planes in (1,3):
+        if 1 == planes:
+            # PGM
+            # Could generate PBM if maxval is 1, but we don't (for one
+            # thing, we'd have to convert the data, not just blat it
+            # out).
+            fmt = 'P5'
+        else:
+            # PPM
+            fmt = 'P6'
+        file.write('%s %d %d %d\n' % (fmt, width, height, maxval))
+    if planes in (2,4):
+        # PAM
+        # See http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pam.html
+        if 2 == planes:
+            tupltype = 'GRAYSCALE_ALPHA'
+        else:
+            tupltype = 'RGB_ALPHA'
+        file.write('P7\nWIDTH %d\nHEIGHT %d\nDEPTH %d\nMAXVAL %d\n'
+                   'TUPLTYPE %s\nENDHDR\n' %
+                   (width, height, planes, maxval, tupltype))
+    # Values per row
+    vpr = planes * width
+    # struct format
+    fmt = '>%d' % vpr
+    if maxval > 0xff:
+        fmt = fmt + 'H'
+    else:
+        fmt = fmt + 'B'
+    for row in pixels:
+        file.write(struct.pack(fmt, *row))
+    file.flush()
+
+def color_triple(color):
+    """
+    Convert a command line colour value to a RGB triple of integers.
+    FIXME: Somewhere we need support for greyscale backgrounds etc.
+    """
+    if color.startswith('#') and len(color) == 4:
+        return (int(color[1], 16),
+                int(color[2], 16),
+                int(color[3], 16))
+    if color.startswith('#') and len(color) == 7:
+        return (int(color[1:3], 16),
+                int(color[3:5], 16),
+                int(color[5:7], 16))
+    elif color.startswith('#') and len(color) == 13:
+        return (int(color[1:5], 16),
+                int(color[5:9], 16),
+                int(color[9:13], 16))
+
+def _add_common_options(parser):
+    """Call *parser.add_option* for each of the options that are
+    common between this PNG--PNM conversion tool and the gen
+    tool.
+    """
+    parser.add_option("-i", "--interlace",
+                      default=False, action="store_true",
+                      help="create an interlaced PNG file (Adam7)")
+    parser.add_option("-t", "--transparent",
+                      action="store", type="string", metavar="#RRGGBB",
+                      help="mark the specified colour as transparent")
+    parser.add_option("-b", "--background",
+                      action="store", type="string", metavar="#RRGGBB",
+                      help="save the specified background colour")
+    parser.add_option("-g", "--gamma",
+                      action="store", type="float", metavar="value",
+                      help="save the specified gamma value")
+    parser.add_option("-c", "--compression",
+                      action="store", type="int", metavar="level",
+                      help="zlib compression level (0-9)")
+    return parser
+
+def _main(argv):
+    """
+    Run the PNG encoder with options from the command line.
+    """
+
+    # Parse command line arguments
+    from optparse import OptionParser
+    import re
+    version = '%prog ' + re.sub(r'( ?\$|URL: |Rev:)', '', __version__)
+    parser = OptionParser(version=version)
+    parser.set_usage("%prog [options] [imagefile]")
+    parser.add_option('-r', '--read-png', default=False,
+                      action='store_true',
+                      help='Read PNG, write PNM')
+    parser.add_option("-a", "--alpha",
+                      action="store", type="string", metavar="pgmfile",
+                      help="alpha channel transparency (RGBA)")
+    _add_common_options(parser)
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args=argv[1:])
+
+    # Convert options
+    if options.transparent is not None:
+        options.transparent = color_triple(options.transparent)
+    if options.background is not None:
+        options.background = color_triple(options.background)
+
+    # Prepare input and output files
+    if len(args) == 0:
+        infilename = '-'
+        infile = sys.stdin
+    elif len(args) == 1:
+        infilename = args[0]
+        infile = open(infilename, 'rb')
+    else:
+        parser.error("more than one input file")
+    outfile = sys.stdout
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        import msvcrt, os
+        msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
+
+    if options.read_png:
+        # Encode PNG to PPM
+        png = Reader(file=infile)
+        width,height,pixels,meta = png.asDirect()
+        write_pnm(outfile, width, height, pixels, meta) 
+    else:
+        # Encode PNM to PNG
+        format, width, height, depth, maxval = \
+          read_pnm_header(infile, ('P5','P6','P7'))
+        # When it comes to the variety of input formats, we do something
+        # rather rude.  Observe that L, LA, RGB, RGBA are the 4 colour
+        # types supported by PNG and that they correspond to 1, 2, 3, 4
+        # channels respectively.  So we use the number of channels in
+        # the source image to determine which one we have.  We do not
+        # care about TUPLTYPE.
+        greyscale = depth <= 2
+        pamalpha = depth in (2,4)
+        supported = map(lambda x: 2**x-1, range(1,17))
+        try:
+            mi = supported.index(maxval)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+              'your maxval (%s) not in supported list %s' %
+              (maxval, str(supported)))
+        bitdepth = mi+1
+        writer = Writer(width, height,
+                        greyscale=greyscale,
+                        bitdepth=bitdepth,
+                        interlace=options.interlace,
+                        transparent=options.transparent,
+                        background=options.background,
+                        alpha=bool(pamalpha or options.alpha),
+                        gamma=options.gamma,
+                        compression=options.compression)
+        if options.alpha:
+            pgmfile = open(options.alpha, 'rb')
+            format, awidth, aheight, adepth, amaxval = \
+              read_pnm_header(pgmfile, 'P5')
+            if amaxval != '255':
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                  'maxval %s not supported for alpha channel' % amaxval)
+            if (awidth, aheight) != (width, height):
+                raise ValueError("alpha channel image size mismatch"
+                                 " (%s has %sx%s but %s has %sx%s)"
+                                 % (infilename, width, height,
+                                    options.alpha, awidth, aheight))
+            writer.convert_ppm_and_pgm(infile, pgmfile, outfile)
+        else:
+            writer.convert_pnm(infile, outfile)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        _main(sys.argv)
+    except Error, e:
+        print >>sys.stderr, e
diff --git a/craftui/sim.tgz b/craftui/sim.tgz
deleted file mode 100644
index d50297f..0000000
--- a/craftui/sim.tgz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/sim1.tgz b/craftui/sim1.tgz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b414105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/sim1.tgz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/sim2.tgz b/craftui/sim2.tgz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fff9aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/sim2.tgz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/www/config.thtml b/craftui/www/config.thtml
index 1227ad0..3d2a3c9 100644
--- a/craftui/www/config.thtml
+++ b/craftui/www/config.thtml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   <meta content="text/html;charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
   <meta content="utf-8" http-equiv="encoding">
   <script src="static/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="static/dygraph-combined.js"></script>
   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/craft.css">
   <link rel=icon href=static/favicon.ico>
   <link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700&amp;lang=en">
@@ -14,16 +15,43 @@
       <h1><img src=static/logo.png alt="Google Fiber"></h1>
       <nav>
         <ul>
-          <li ><a href=/{{peer}}>Welcome</a></li>
-          <li ><a href=/status{{peer}}>Status</a></li>
-          <li class=active><a href=/config{{peer}}>Configuration</a></li>
-          <li ><a {{hidepeer}} href="/?peer=1" target=_blank>Peer</a></li>
+          <li ><a href=/{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Welcome</a></li>
+          <li ><a href=/status{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Status</a></li>
+          <li class=active><a href=/config{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Configuration</a></li>
+          <li ><a {{hidden_on_peer}} href="/{{peer_arg}}" target=_blank>Peer</a></li>
         </ul>
       </nav>
     </section>
   </header>
-  <br>
-
+  <div hidden>
+    <input id=hidden_on_https value="{{hidden_on_https}}">
+    <input id=hidden_on_peer value="{{hidden_on_peer}}">
+    <input id=shown_on_peer value="{{shown_on_peer}}">
+    <input id=peer_arg value="{{peer_arg}}">
+    <input id=peer_arg_on_peer value="{{peer_arg_on_peer}}">
+  </div>
+  <div {{shown_on_peer}}><font color="red"><b>This is the Peer</b></font></div>
+  <div>
+    <table class="leds">
+      <tr>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Craft<br>
+          <img id="leds/Craft" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>ACS<br>
+          <img id="leds/ACS" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Switch<br>
+          <img id="leds/Switch" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Modem<br>
+          <img id="leds/Modem" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Radio<br>
+          <img id="leds/Radio" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>RSSI<br>
+          <img id="leds/RSSI" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>MSE<br>
+          <img id="leds/MSE" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Peer<br>
+          <img id="leds/Peer" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+    </table>
+  </div>
   <div class="tabs">
     <div class="tab">
       <input type="radio" id="tab-1" name="tab-group-1" checked>
@@ -31,7 +59,7 @@
       <div class="content">
         <b>Running Configuration:</b><br>
         <textarea id=configuration cols=60 rows=30>...</textarea><br>
-        <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('password_admin', 0, 1)">
+        <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('password_admin', 0, 1)">
       </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -53,7 +81,7 @@
               Current <b>Admin</b> Password: <input id=password_admin_admin type=password value=""><br>
               New Admin Password: <input id=password_admin_new type=password value=""><br>
               Confirm: <input id=password_admin_confirm type=password value=""><br>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('password_admin', 0, 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('password_admin', 0, 1)">
             <td>
               <span id=password_admin_result>...</span>
 
@@ -64,7 +92,7 @@
               Current <b>Admin</b> Password: <input id=password_guest_admin type=password value=""><br>
               New Guest Password: <input id=password_guest_new type=password value=""><br>
               Confirm: <input id=password_guest_confirm type=password value=""><br>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('password_guest', 0, 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('password_guest', 0, 1)">
             <td>
               <span id=password_guest_result>...</span>
 
@@ -90,10 +118,10 @@
             <td align=right><span id="platform/active_craft_inet">...</span>
             <td align=right>
               <span id="platform/craft_ipaddr">...</span>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('craft_ipaddr', 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('craft_ipaddr', 1)">
             <td>
               <input id=craft_ipaddr type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="CraftUI.config('craft_ipaddr')">
+              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="craftUI.config('craft_ipaddr')">
             <td>
               <span id=craft_ipaddr_result>...</span>
 
@@ -102,10 +130,10 @@
             <td align=right><span id="platform/active_link_inet">...</span>
             <td align=right>
               <span id="platform/link_ipaddr">...</span>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('link_ipaddr', 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('link_ipaddr', 1)">
             <td>
               <input id=link_ipaddr type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="CraftUI.config('link_ipaddr')">
+              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="craftUI.config('link_ipaddr')">
             <td>
               <span id=link_ipaddr_result>...</span>
 
@@ -114,10 +142,10 @@
             <td align=right>See Peer
             <td align=right>
               <span id="platform/peer_ipaddr">...</span>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('peer_ipaddr', 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('peer_ipaddr', 1)">
             <td>
               <input id=peer_ipaddr type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="CraftUI.config('peer_ipaddr')">
+              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="craftUI.config('peer_ipaddr')">
             <td>
               <span id=peer_ipaddr_result>...</span>
 
@@ -126,10 +154,10 @@
             <td align=right><span id="platform/active_inband_vlan">...</span>
             <td align=right>
               <span id="platform/vlan_inband">...</span>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('vlan_inband', 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('vlan_inband', 1)">
             <td>
               <input id=vlan_inband type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="CraftUI.config('vlan_inband')">
+              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="craftUI.config('vlan_inband')">
             <td>
               <span id=vlan_inband_result>...</span>
 
@@ -138,10 +166,10 @@
             <td align=right><span id="platform/active_ooband_vlan">...</span>
             <td align=right>
               <span id="platform/vlan_ooband">...</span>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('vlan_ooband', 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('vlan_ooband', 1)">
             <td>
               <input id=vlan_ooband type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="CraftUI.config('vlan_ooband')">
+              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="craftUI.config('vlan_ooband')">
             <td>
               <span id=vlan_ooband_result>...</span>
 
@@ -150,10 +178,10 @@
             <td align=right><span id="platform/active_link_vlan">...</span>
             <td align=right>
               <span id="platform/vlan_link">...</span>
-              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="CraftUI.config('vlan_peer', 1)">
+              <input type=submit value="Apply Now" onclick="craftUI.config('vlan_peer', 1)">
             <td>
               <input id=vlan_peer type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="CraftUI.config('vlan_peer')">
+              <input type=submit value=Configure onclick="craftUI.config('vlan_peer')">
             <td>
               <span id=vlan_peer_result>...</span>
 
@@ -178,7 +206,7 @@
             <td align=right><span id="radio/hiTransceiver/pll/frequency">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=freq_hi type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('freq_hi')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('freq_hi')">
             <td>
               <span id=freq_hi_result>...</span>
 
@@ -187,7 +215,7 @@
             <td align=right><span id="radio/loTransceiver/pll/frequency">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=freq_lo type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('freq_lo')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('freq_lo')">
             <td>
               <span id=freq_lo_result>...</span>
 
@@ -196,7 +224,7 @@
             <td align=right><span id="radio/hiTransceiver/mode">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=mode_hi type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('mode_hi')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('mode_hi')">
             <td>
               <span id=mode_hi_result>...</span>
 
@@ -205,7 +233,7 @@
             <td align=right><span id="modem/status/acmEngineRxSensorsEnabled">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=acm_on type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('acm_on')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('acm_on')">
             <td>
               <span id=acm_on_result>...</span>
 
@@ -214,25 +242,25 @@
             <td align=right><span id="radio/tx/paPowerSet">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=tx_powerlevel type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('tx_powerlevel')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('tx_powerlevel')">
             <td>
               <span id=tx_powerlevel_result>...</span>
 
-          <tr>
+          <tr hidden>
             <td><b>Transmit VGA Gain
             <td align=right><span id="radio/tx/vgaGain">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=tx_gain type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('tx_gain')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('tx_gain')">
             <td>
               <span id=tx_gain_result>...</span>
 
-          <tr>
+          <tr hidden>
             <td><b>Receiver AGC Digital Gain Index
             <td align=right><span id="radio/rx/agcDigitalGainIndex">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=rx_gainindex type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('rx_gainindex')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('rx_gainindex')">
             <td>
               <span id=rx_gainindex_result>...</span>
 
@@ -241,11 +269,12 @@
             <td align=right><span id="radio/paLnaPowerEnabled">...</span>
             <td>
               <input id=palna_on type=text value="">
-              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="CraftUI.config('palna_on')">
+              <input type=submit value=Apply onclick="craftUI.config('palna_on')">
             <td>
               <span id=palna_on_result>...</span>
 
         </table>
+        <div id="rsl-graph">...</div>
       </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -254,17 +283,21 @@
       <label for="tab-5">Reboot</label>
       <div class="content">
         <input hidden id=reboot type=text value="true">
-        <input type=submit value=Reboot onclick="CraftUI.config('reboot')">
+        <input type=submit value=Reboot onclick="craftUI.config('reboot')">
         <span class="values">
           <span id=reboot_result>...</span>
         </span>
         <br>
+        Note: Allow 60 seconds for UI to return after reboot, and 200 seconds for link to come up.
+        <br>
         <br>
         <input hidden id=factory_reset type=text value="true">
-        <input type=submit value="Factory Reset" onclick="CraftUI.config('factory_reset')">
+        <input type=submit value="Factory Reset" onclick="craftUI.config('factory_reset')">
         <span class="values">
           <span id=factory_reset_result>...</span>
         </span>
+        <br>
+        Warning: This will restore all defaults, including the craft port address to <a href=http://192.168.1.1/>192.168.1.1</a>.
       </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -272,6 +305,7 @@
       <input type="radio" id="tab-6" name="tab-group-1">
       <label for="tab-6">Debug</label>
       <div class="content">
+        <b>Constellation:</b><span class="values"><a href="/rxslicer.png" target=_blank>rxslicer.png</a></li></span><br>
         <b>refreshCount:</b><span class="values" id="platform/refreshCount">...</span><br>
         <b>unhandled xml:</b><span class="values">
           <textarea id=unhandled cols=60 rows=30>...</textarea></span><br>
diff --git a/craftui/www/static/blue.gif b/craftui/www/static/blue.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3caecb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/www/static/blue.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/www/static/craft.css b/craftui/www/static/craft.css
index 5c383ab..6887b60 100644
--- a/craftui/www/static/craft.css
+++ b/craftui/www/static/craft.css
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 table, th, td {
   margin: 1px;
-  margin-bottom: 20px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
   border: 1px solid #ccc;
   font-size:12px;
 }
@@ -73,3 +73,8 @@
   z-index: 1;
   opacity: 1;
 }
+
+.leds {
+  background: #fff;
+  margin-bottom: 40px;
+}
diff --git a/craftui/www/static/craft.js b/craftui/www/static/craft.js
index fe7d9bc..90a9bf9 100644
--- a/craftui/www/static/craft.js
+++ b/craftui/www/static/craft.js
@@ -7,25 +7,67 @@
     document.documentElement.classList.add('unsupported');
     return;
   }
-
-  // Initialize the info.
-  CraftUI.getInfo();
-
-  // Refresh data periodically.
-  window.setInterval(CraftUI.getInfo, 5000);
 };
 
-CraftUI.info = {checksum: 0};
-CraftUI.am_sending = false
+CraftUI.prototype.init = function() {
+  this.info = {checksum: 0};
+  this.am_sending = false
 
-CraftUI.updateField = function(key, val) {
+  // store history on some values
+  this.history = {
+    'radio/rx/rsl': { name: 'rsl-graph', count: 24, values: [] }
+  };
+
+  // Initialize the info.
+  this.getInfo();
+
+  // Refresh data periodically.
+  var f = function() {
+    this.ui.getInfo();
+  };
+  window.ui = this;
+  window.setInterval(f, 5000);
+};
+
+CraftUI.prototype.updateGraphs = function() {
+  for (var name in this.history) {
+    var h = this.history[name];
+    if (h.values.length == 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!h.graph) {
+      h.graph = new Dygraph(document.getElementById(h.name), h.values, {
+        xlabel: 'Time',
+        ylabel: 'RSL',
+        labels: [ 'Date', 'RSL' ],
+      });
+    }
+    h.graph.updateOptions({ 'file': h.values });
+  }
+};
+
+CraftUI.prototype.updateField = function(key, val) {
+  // store history if requested
+  var h = this.history[key];
+  if (h) {
+    h.values.push([ui.date, val]);
+    if (h.values.length > h.count) {
+      h.values = h.values.slice(-h.count);
+    }
+  }
+  // find element, show on debug page if not used
   var el = document.getElementById(key);
   if (el == null) {
-    self.unhandled += key + '=' + val + '; ';
+    this.unhandled += key + '=' + val + '; ';
     return;
   }
-  el.innerHTML = ''; // Clear the field.
+  // For IMG objects, set image
+  if (el.src) {
+    el.src = '/static/' + val;
+    return;
+  }
   // For objects, create an unordered list and append the values as list items.
+  el.innerHTML = ''; // Clear the field.
   if (val && typeof val === 'object') {
     var ul = document.createElement('ul');
     for (key in val) {
@@ -48,46 +90,62 @@
   el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val));
 };
 
-CraftUI.flattenAndUpdateFields = function(jsonmap, prefix) {
+CraftUI.prototype.flattenAndUpdateFields = function(jsonmap, prefix) {
   for (var key in jsonmap) {
     var val = jsonmap[key];
     if (typeof val !== 'object') {
-      CraftUI.updateField(prefix + key, jsonmap[key]);
+      this.updateField(prefix + key, jsonmap[key]);
     } else {
-      CraftUI.flattenAndUpdateFields(val, prefix + key + '/')
+      this.flattenAndUpdateFields(val, prefix + key + '/')
     }
   }
 };
 
-CraftUI.getInfo = function() {
+CraftUI.prototype.getInfo = function() {
   // Request info, set the connected status, and update the fields.
-  if (CraftUI.am_sending) {
+  if (this.am_sending) {
     return;
   }
+  var peer_arg_on_peer = document.getElementById("peer_arg_on_peer").value;
   var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+  xhr.timeout = 2000;
+  xhr.ui = this;
   xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
-    self.unhandled = '';
-    if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
-      var list = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
-      CraftUI.flattenAndUpdateFields(list, '');
+    var ui = this.ui;
+    if (xhr.readyState != 4) {
+      return;
     }
-    CraftUI.updateField('unhandled', self.unhandled);
-    CraftUI.am_sending = false
+    ui.unhandled = '';
+    var led = 'red.gif';
+    if (xhr.status == 200) {
+      ui.date = new Date();
+      var list = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
+      ui.flattenAndUpdateFields(list, '');
+      led = 'green.gif';
+    } else {
+      var leds = ['ACS', 'Switch', 'Modem', 'Radio', 'RSSI', 'MSE', 'Peer'];
+      for (var i in leds) {
+        ui.updateField('leds/' + leds[i], 'grey.gif')
+      }
+    }
+    ui.updateField('unhandled', ui.unhandled);
+    ui.updateField('leds/Craft', led)
+    ui.updateGraphs();
+    ui.am_sending = false
   };
-  var payload = [];
-  payload.push('checksum=' + encodeURIComponent(CraftUI.info.checksum));
-  payload.push('_=' + encodeURIComponent((new Date()).getTime()));
-  xhr.open('get', 'content.json?' + payload.join('&'), true);
-  CraftUI.am_sending = true
+  xhr.open('get', '/content.json' + peer_arg_on_peer, true);
+  this.am_sending = true
   xhr.send();
 };
 
-CraftUI.config = function(key, activate, is_password) {
+CraftUI.prototype.config = function(key, activate, is_password) {
   // POST as json
+  var peer_arg_on_peer = document.getElementById("peer_arg_on_peer").value;
   var el = document.getElementById(key);
-  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
   var action = "Configured";
-  xhr.open('post', 'content.json');
+  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+  xhr.ui = this;
+  xhr.open('post', '/content.json' + peer_arg_on_peer);
   xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=UTF-8');
   var data;
   if (is_password) {
@@ -109,13 +167,14 @@
   var resultid = key + "_result"
   var el = document.getElementById(resultid);
   xhr.onload = function(e) {
+    var ui = this.ui;
     var json = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
     if (json.error == 0) {
       el.innerHTML = action + " successfully.";
     } else {
       el.innerHTML = "Error: " + json.errorstring;
     }
-    CraftUI.getInfo();
+    ui.getInfo();
   }
   xhr.onerror = function(e) {
     el.innerHTML = xhr.statusText + xhr.responseText;
@@ -124,4 +183,5 @@
   xhr.send(txt);
 };
 
-new CraftUI();
+var craftUI = new CraftUI();
+craftUI.init();
diff --git a/craftui/www/static/green.gif b/craftui/www/static/green.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2281692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/www/static/green.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/www/static/grey.gif b/craftui/www/static/grey.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34fe83e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/www/static/grey.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/www/static/red.gif b/craftui/www/static/red.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..539c5cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/www/static/red.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/www/static/yellow.gif b/craftui/www/static/yellow.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b20598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/craftui/www/static/yellow.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/craftui/www/status.thtml b/craftui/www/status.thtml
index 28b5027..a6e37be 100644
--- a/craftui/www/status.thtml
+++ b/craftui/www/status.thtml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   <meta content="text/html;charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
   <meta content="utf-8" http-equiv="encoding">
   <script src="static/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="static/dygraph-combined.js"></script>
   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/craft.css">
   <link rel=icon href=static/favicon.ico>
   <link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700&amp;lang=en">
@@ -14,15 +15,43 @@
       <h1><img src=static/logo.png alt="Google Fiber"></h1>
       <nav>
         <ul>
-          <li ><a href=/?{{peer}}>Welcome</a></li>
-          <li class=active><a href=/status{{peer}}>Status</a></li>
-          <li ><a href=/config{{peer}}>Configuration</a></li>
-          <li ><a {{hidepeer}} href="/?peer=1" target=_blank>Peer</a></li>
+          <li ><a href=/{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Welcome</a></li>
+          <li class=active><a href=/status{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Status</a></li>
+          <li ><a href=/config{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Configuration</a></li>
+          <li ><a {{hidden_on_peer}} href="/{{peer_arg}}" target=_blank>Peer</a></li>
         </ul>
       </nav>
     </section>
   </header>
-  <br>
+  <div hidden>
+    <input id=hidden_on_https value="{{hidden_on_https}}">
+    <input id=hidden_on_peer value="{{hidden_on_peer}}">
+    <input id=shown_on_peer value="{{shown_on_peer}}">
+    <input id=peer_arg value="{{peer_arg}}">
+    <input id=peer_arg_on_peer value="{{peer_arg_on_peer}}">
+  </div>
+  <div {{shown_on_peer}}><font color="red"><b>This is the Peer</b></font></div>
+  <div>
+    <table class="leds">
+      <tr>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Craft<br>
+          <img id="leds/Craft" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>ACS<br>
+          <img id="leds/ACS" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Switch<br>
+          <img id="leds/Switch" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Modem<br>
+          <img id="leds/Modem" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Radio<br>
+          <img id="leds/Radio" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>RSSI<br>
+          <img id="leds/RSSI" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>MSE<br>
+          <img id="leds/MSE" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+        <td width=50 align=center>Peer<br>
+          <img id="leds/Peer" width=20 height=20 src=/static/grey.gif></td>
+    </table>
+  </div>
   <div class="tabs">
     <div class="tab">
       <input type="radio" id="tab-1" name="tab-group-1" checked>
@@ -218,6 +247,7 @@
             <td><b></b></td>
             <td colspan=4 align=center><b>received</b></td>
             <td colspan=4 align=center><b>transmitted</b></td>
+            <td colspan=3 align=center><b>errors</b></td></tr>
           <tr>
             <td align=center><b>interface</b></td>
 
@@ -231,53 +261,89 @@
             <td align=center><b>broadcast</b></td>
             <td align=center><b>unicast</b></td>
 
+            <td align=center><b>CRC</b></td>
+            <td align=center><b>dropped</b></td>
+            <td align=center><b>collisions</b></td>
+
           <tr>
             <td><b>Switch Port 0/0 (PoE)</b></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/bytes_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/multicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/broadcast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/unicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/goodOctetsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/mcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/brdcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/ucPktsRcv">...</span></td>
 
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/bytes_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/multicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/broadcast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/unicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/goodOctetsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/mcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/brdcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/ucPktsSent">...</span></td>
+
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/badCrc">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/dropEvents">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/0/collisions">...</span></td>
 
           <tr>
             <td><b>Switch Port 0/4 (SOC)</b></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/bytes_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/multicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/broadcast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/unicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/goodOctetsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/mcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/brdcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/ucPktsRcv">...</span></td>
 
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/bytes_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/multicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/broadcast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/unicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/goodOctetsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/mcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/brdcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/ucPktsSent">...</span></td>
+
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/badCrc">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/dropEvents">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/4/collisions">...</span></td>
 
           <tr>
             <td><b>Switch Port 0/24 (modem)</b></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/bytes_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/multicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/broadcast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/unicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/goodOctetsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/mcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/brdcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/ucPktsRcv">...</span></td>
 
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/bytes_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/multicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/broadcast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/unicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/goodOctetsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/mcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/brdcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/ucPktsSent">...</span></td>
+
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/badCrc">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/dropEvents">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/24/collisions">...</span></td>
 
           <tr>
-            <td><b>Switch Port 0/25 (SFP+)</b></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/bytes_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/multicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/broadcast_packets_received">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/unicast_packets_received">...</span></td>
+            <td><b>Switch Port 0/25 (SFP+ #1)</b></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/goodOctetsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/mcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/brdcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/ucPktsRcv">...</span></td>
 
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/bytes_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/multicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/broadcast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
-            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/unicast_packets_sent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/goodOctetsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/mcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/brdcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/ucPktsSent">...</span></td>
+
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/badCrc">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/dropEvents">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/25/collisions">...</span></td>
+
+          <tr>
+            <td><b>Switch Port 0/26 (SFP+ #2)</b></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/goodOctetsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/mcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/brdcPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/ucPktsRcv">...</span></td>
+
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/goodOctetsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/mcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/bcPktsSent">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/ucPktsSent">...</span></td>
+
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/badCrc">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/dropEvents">...</span></td>
+            <td align=right><span id="platform/switch/0/26/collisions">...</span></td>
 
         </table>
       </div>
@@ -442,6 +508,7 @@
       <input type="radio" id="tab-6" name="tab-group-1">
       <label for="tab-6">Debug</label>
       <div class="content">
+        <b>Constellation:</b><span class="values"><a href="/rxslicer.png" target=_blank>rxslicer.png</a></li></span><br>
         <b>refreshCount:</b><span class="values" id="platform/refreshCount">...</span><br>
         <b>unhandled xml:</b><span class="values">
           <textarea id=unhandled cols=60 rows=30>...</textarea></span><br>
diff --git a/craftui/www/welcome.thtml b/craftui/www/welcome.thtml
index de7c098..43966ff 100644
--- a/craftui/www/welcome.thtml
+++ b/craftui/www/welcome.thtml
@@ -14,21 +14,29 @@
       <h1><img src=static/logo.png alt="Google Fiber"></h1>
       <nav>
         <ul>
-          <li class=active><a href=/{{peer}}>Welcome</a></li>
-          <li ><a href=/status{{peer}}>Status</a></li>
-          <li ><a href=/config{{peer}}>Configuration</a></li>
-          <li ><a {{hidepeer}} href="/?peer=1" target=_blank>Peer</a></li>
+          <li class=active><a href=/{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Welcome</a></li>
+          <li ><a href=/status{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Status</a></li>
+          <li ><a href=/config{{peer_arg_on_peer}}>Configuration</a></li>
+          <li ><a {{hidden_on_peer}} href="/{{peer_arg}}" target=_blank>Peer</a></li>
         </ul>
       </nav>
     </section>
   </header>
   <br>
+  <div hidden>
+    <input id=hidden_on_https value="{{hidden_on_https}}">
+    <input id=hidden_on_peer value="{{hidden_on_peer}}">
+    <input id=shown_on_peer value="{{shown_on_peer}}">
+    <input id=peer_arg value="{{peer_arg}}">
+    <input id=peer_arg_on_peer value="{{peer_arg_on_peer}}">
+  </div>
+  <div {{shown_on_peer}}><font color="red"><b>This is the Peer</b></font></div>
   <div class="tabs">
     <div class="tab">
       <input type="radio" id="tab-1" name="tab-group-1" checked>
       <label for="tab-1">Authorized Use Only</label>
       <div class="content">
-        <div {{hidehttps}}>
+        <div {{hidden_on_https}}>
           <b>
             Warning: You are not connected securely.  Consider https://...
             <br>
@@ -40,9 +48,6 @@
           <p>
           Unauthorized access to this system is forbidden and will be
           prosecuted by law.
-          <br>
-          By accessing this system, you agree that your actions may be
-          monitored if unauthorized usage is suspected.
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
diff --git a/jsonpoll/jsonpoll.py b/jsonpoll/jsonpoll.py
index bee52a0..11f9c64 100755
--- a/jsonpoll/jsonpoll.py
+++ b/jsonpoll/jsonpoll.py
@@ -106,15 +106,15 @@
       try:
         response = self.GetHttpResponse(url)
         if not response:
-          self.WriteToStderr('Failed to get response from glaukus: %s', url)
+          self.WriteToStderr('Failed to get response from glaukus: %s\n' % url)
           continue
         elif self.last_response == response:
-          self.WriteToStderr('Skipping file write as content has not changed.')
+          self.WriteToStderr('Skip file write as content has not changed.\n')
           continue
         self.last_response = response
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as fd:
           if not self.CreateDirs(os.path.dirname(output_file)):
-            self.WriteToStderr('Failed to create output directory: %s' %
+            self.WriteToStderr('Failed to create output directory: %s\n' %
                                os.path.dirname(output_file))
             continue
           tmpfile = fd.name
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
           try:
             os.rename(tmpfile, output_file)
           except OSError as ex:
-            self.WriteToStderr('Failed to move %s to %s: %s' % (
+            self.WriteToStderr('Failed to move %s to %s: %s\n' % (
                 tmpfile, output_file, ex))
             continue
       finally:
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@
       handle = urllib2.urlopen(url, timeout=self._SOCKET_TIMEOUT_SECS)
       response = handle.read()
     except socket.timeout as ex:
-      self.WriteToStderr('Connection to %s timed out after %d seconds: %s'
+      self.WriteToStderr('Connection to %s timed out after %d seconds: %s\n'
                          % (url, self._SOCKET_TIMEOUT_SECS, ex))
       return None
     except urllib2.URLError as ex:
-      self.WriteToStderr('Connection to %s failed: %s' % (url, ex.reason))
+      self.WriteToStderr('Connection to %s failed: %s\n' % (url, ex.reason))
       return None
     # Write the response to stderr so it will be uploaded with the other system
     # log files. This will allow turbogrinder to alert on the radio subsystem.
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
     except os.error as ex:
       if ex.errno == errno.EEXIST:
         return True
-      self.WriteToStderr('Failed to create directory: %s' % ex)
+      self.WriteToStderr('Failed to create directory: %s\n' % ex)
       return False
     return True
 
diff --git a/taxonomy/dhcp.py b/taxonomy/dhcp.py
index 0354ebd..26ecb82 100644
--- a/taxonomy/dhcp.py
+++ b/taxonomy/dhcp.py
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
     '1,3,6,15,119,95,252,44,46,47': ['ipodtouch1'],
 
     '252,3,42,15,6,1,12': ['lgtv', 'tizen'],
+    '252,3,42,6,1,12': ['tizen'],
 
     '1,3,6,15,119,95,252,44,46,101': ['macos'],
     '1,3,6,15,119,95,252,44,46': ['macos'],
@@ -74,8 +75,9 @@
 
     '1,28,2,3,15,6,12': ['tivo'],
 
-    '1,3,6,12,15,28,42': ['viziotv', 'wemo', 'directv'],
+    '1,3,6,12,15,28,42': ['viziotv', 'wemo', 'directv', 'samsungtv'],
     '1,3,6,12,15,28,40,41,42': ['viziotv', 'kindle'],
+    '1,3,6,12,15,17,23,28,29,31,33,40,41,42': ['viziotv'],
 
     '1,3,6,15,28,33': ['wii'],
     '1,3,6,15': ['wii', 'xbox'],
diff --git a/taxonomy/ethernet.py b/taxonomy/ethernet.py
index 00be466..85a4522 100644
--- a/taxonomy/ethernet.py
+++ b/taxonomy/ethernet.py
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
     'd8:50:e6': ['asus'],
     'f8:32:e4': ['asus'],
 
+    '58:67:1a': ['barnes&noble'],
+
     '30:8c:fb': ['dropcam'],
 
     '00:1a:11': ['google'],
@@ -245,6 +247,7 @@
     'b8:57:d8': ['samsung'],
     'b8:5a:73': ['samsung'],
     'b8:5e:7b': ['samsung'],
+    'bc:14:85': ['samsung'],
     'bc:20:a4': ['samsung'],
     'bc:72:b1': ['samsung'],
     'bc:8c:cd': ['samsung'],
@@ -279,8 +282,12 @@
     '58:48:22': ['sony'],
     'b4:52:7e': ['sony'],
 
+    '10:08:c1': ['toshiba'],
+
     'a4:8d:3b': ['vizio'],
 
+    'b4:79:a7': ['wink'],
+
     '00:24:e4': ['withings'],
 
     '64:cc:2e': ['xiaomi'],
diff --git a/taxonomy/pcaptest.py b/taxonomy/pcaptest.py
index 2b864e1..2b5d90f 100644
--- a/taxonomy/pcaptest.py
+++ b/taxonomy/pcaptest.py
@@ -45,13 +45,22 @@
   ('', './testdata/pcaps/Samsung Exhibit 2.4GHz.pcap'),
   ('', './testdata/pcaps/Samsung Fascinate 2.4GHz.pcap'),
   ('', './testdata/pcaps/Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 2.4GHz.pcap'),
+  ('', './testdata/pcaps/Samsung Galaxy 4G 2.4GHz SGH-T959V.pcap'),
   ('', './testdata/pcaps/Samsung Infuse 5GHz.pcap'),
   ('', './testdata/pcaps/Samsung Vibrant 2.4GHz.pcap'),
+  ('', './testdata/pcaps/Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 2.4GHz.pcap'),
 
   # Names where the identified species doesn't exactly match the filename,
   # usually because multiple devices are too similar to distinguish. We name
   # the file for the specific device which was captured, and add an entry
   # here for the best identification which we can manage.
+  ('Amazon Kindle', './testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle 4th gen 2.4GHz 9023.pcap'),
+  ('Amazon Kindle', './testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle 4th gen 2.4GHz B00E.pcap'),
+  ('Amazon Kindle', './testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Paperwhite 2012 2.4GHz B024.pcap'),
+  ('Amazon Kindle', './testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe B011.pcap'),
+  ('Amazon Kindle', './testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Specific Probe B011.pcap'),
+  ('Amazon Kindle', './testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage 2.4GHz B013.pcap'),
+  ('Amazon Kindle', './testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage 2.4GHz B054.pcap'),
   ('iPad 1st or 2nd gen', './testdata/pcaps/iPad 1st gen 5GHz.pcap'),
   ('iPad 1st or 2nd gen', './testdata/pcaps/iPad 2nd gen 5GHz.pcap'),
   ('iPad 4th gen or Air 1st gen', './testdata/pcaps/iPad (4th gen) 5GHz.pcap'),
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.leases b/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.leases
index 9bdc396..ab83a43 100644
--- a/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.leases
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.leases
@@ -56,3 +56,16 @@
 1432237016 a4:8d:3b:00:00:00 192.168.42.45 VizioSmartTV
 1432237016 00:11:d9:00:00:00 192.168.42.46 TiVoBOLT
 1432237016 ac:3a:7a:00:00:00 192.168.42.47 Roku3-4230
+1432237016 d4:63:fe:00:00:00 192.168.42.48 LGSmartTV
+1432237016 bc:14:85:00:00:00 192.168.42.49 SamsungTizenTV
+1432237016 78:bd:bc:00:00:00 192.168.42.50 SamsungTizenTV
+1432237016 54:88:0e:00:00:00 192.168.42.51 SamsungLED75TV
+1432237016 bc:30:7d:00:00:00 192.168.42.52 PanasonicTV
+1432237016 60:12:8b:00:00:00 192.168.42.53 CanonPixma
+1432237016 88:87:17:00:00:00 192.168.42.54 CanonPixma
+1432237016 cc:95:d7:00:00:00 192.168.42.55 VizioTV
+1432237016 c0:f2:fb:00:00:00 192.168.42.56 iPaadMini3
+1432237016 04:52:f3:00:00:00 192.168.42.57 iPaadMini4
+1432237016 a4:d1:d2:00:00:00 192.168.42.58 iPaadOldiOS
+1432237016 70:48:0f:00:00:00 192.168.42.59 iPadPro12_9
+1432237016 6c:c2:17:00:00:00 192.168.42.60 HPPrinter
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.signatures b/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.signatures
index e9ef842..1fcfa61 100644
--- a/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.signatures
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/dhcp.signatures
@@ -48,3 +48,16 @@
 a4:8d:3b:00:00:00 1,3,6,12,15,28,42
 00:11:d9:00:00:00 1,28,2,3,15,6,12
 ac:3a:7a:00:00:00 1,3,6,15,12
+d4:63:fe:00:00:00 252,3,42,15,6,1,12
+bc:14:85:00:00:00 252,3,42,6,1,12
+78:bd:bc:00:00:00 252,3,42,6,1,12
+54:88:0e:00:00:00 1,3,6,12,15,28,42
+bc:30:7d:00:00:00 58,59,6,15,51,54,1,3
+60:12:8b:00:00:00 1,3,6,15,44,47
+88:87:17:00:00:00 1,3,6,15,44,47
+cc:95:d7:00:00:00 1,3,6,12,15,17,23,28,29,31,33,40,41,42
+c0:f2:fb:00:00:00 1,3,6,15,119,252
+04:52:f3:00:00:00 1,3,6,15,119,252
+a4:d1:d2:00:00:00 1,3,6,15,119,252
+70:48:0f:00:00:00 1,3,6,15,119,252
+6c:c2:17:00:00:00 6,3,1,15,66,67,13,44,12,81,252
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle 4th gen 2.4GHz 9023.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle 4th gen 2.4GHz 9023.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e26437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle 4th gen 2.4GHz 9023.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz 4th gen B00E.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle 4th gen 2.4GHz B00E.pcap
similarity index 100%
rename from taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz 4th gen B00E.pcap
rename to taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle 4th gen 2.4GHz B00E.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git "a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Fire 7\" \0502015 edition\051 2.4GHz 5V98LN GFRG2x0.pcap" "b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Fire 7\" \0502015 edition\051 2.4GHz 5V98LN GFRG2x0.pcap"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d768c82
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Fire 7\" \0502015 edition\051 2.4GHz 5V98LN GFRG2x0.pcap"
Binary files differ
diff --git "a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Fire 7\" \0502015 edition\051 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 5V98LN.pcap" "b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Fire 7\" \0502015 edition\051 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 5V98LN.pcap"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c595fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Fire 7\" \0502015 edition\051 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 5V98LN.pcap"
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz Paperwhite B024.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Paperwhite 2012 2.4GHz B024.pcap
similarity index 100%
rename from taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz Paperwhite B024.pcap
rename to taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Paperwhite 2012 2.4GHz B024.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe B011.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe B011.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..677d9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe B011.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Specific Probe B011.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Specific Probe B011.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75cb5d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Touch 2.4GHz Specific Probe B011.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz Voyage B013.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage 2.4GHz B013.pcap
similarity index 100%
rename from taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz Voyage B013.pcap
rename to taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage 2.4GHz B013.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz Voyage B054.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage 2.4GHz B054.pcap
similarity index 100%
rename from taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen 2.4GHz Voyage B054.pcap
rename to taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Amazon Kindle Voyage 2.4GHz B054.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Barnes & Noble Nook Color 2.4GHz BNRV200.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Barnes & Noble Nook Color 2.4GHz BNRV200.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eee871c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Barnes & Noble Nook Color 2.4GHz BNRV200.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Large Broadcast Probe MX492.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Large Broadcast Probe MX492.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9fcd4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Large Broadcast Probe MX492.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz MX410.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz MX410.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..514eac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz MX410.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Specific Probe MX492.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Specific Probe MX492.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a361567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Specific Probe MX492.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Very Large Broadcast Probe MX492.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Very Large Broadcast Probe MX492.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12b33a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Canon Printer 2.4GHz Very Large Broadcast Probe MX492.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/HP Printer 2.4GHz OfficeJet Pro 8610.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/HP Printer 2.4GHz OfficeJet Pro 8610.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c62092f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/HP Printer 2.4GHz OfficeJet Pro 8610.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e25b5cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6cf5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0eb75d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 5GHz Specific Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 5GHz Specific Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f576a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/LG Smart TV 5GHz Specific Probe 55UH7700-UB.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 2.4GHz TC-58AX800U Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 2.4GHz TC-58AX800U Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25d831a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 2.4GHz TC-58AX800U Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 2.4GHz TC-58AX800U Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 2.4GHz TC-58AX800U Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a64e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 2.4GHz TC-58AX800U Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 5GHz TC-58AX800U Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 5GHz TC-58AX800U Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..023077a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 5GHz TC-58AX800U Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 5GHz TC-58AX800U Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 5GHz TC-58AX800U Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..562e8a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Panasonic TV 5GHz TC-58AX800U Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Galaxy 4G 2.4GHz SGH-T959V.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Galaxy 4G 2.4GHz SGH-T959V.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a28122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Galaxy 4G 2.4GHz SGH-T959V.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz LED75 Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz LED75 Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a958c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz LED75 Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz LED75 Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz LED75 Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c0ea3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz LED75 Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN40JU6500 Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN40JU6500 Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c84bb4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN40JU6500 Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN40JU6500 Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN40JU6500 Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17b1931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN40JU6500 Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN55JS9000 Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN55JS9000 Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bae308d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN55JS9000 Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN55JS9000 Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN55JS9000 Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaaae3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN55JS9000 Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN60F6300AF.pcap
similarity index 100%
rename from taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz.pcap
rename to taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 2.4GHz UN60F6300AF.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz LED75 Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz LED75 Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3556c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz LED75 Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz LED75 Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz LED75 Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19675e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz LED75 Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN40JU6500 Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN40JU6500 Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ea8b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN40JU6500 Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN40JU6500 Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN40JU6500 Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f5a8e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN40JU6500 Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN46ES7100F Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN46ES7100F Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2a4ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN46ES7100F Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN46ES7100F Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN46ES7100F Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cbf5eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN46ES7100F Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN55JS9000 Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN55JS9000 Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d7cd18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN55JS9000 Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN55JS9000 Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN55JS9000 Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f941b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN55JS9000 Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN60F6300AF.pcap
similarity index 100%
rename from taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz.pcap
rename to taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Samsung Smart TV 5GHz UN60F6300AF.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0284c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X850C.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X850C.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3fcae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X850C.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..976e3bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X850C.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X850C.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a91a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X850C.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..017f6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..423fb96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 2.4GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45fc9d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..925cda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 2015 model 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X900C.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2dfaf35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X850B.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X850B.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c961dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe XBR-55X850B.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa4ec4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-49X850B.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X850B.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X850B.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3068a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Bravia TV 5GHz Specific Probe XBR-55X850B.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 2.4GHz.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 2.4GHz.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dee0c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 2.4GHz.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 40L3400U.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 40L3400U.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5fc0e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe 40L3400U.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe 40L3400U.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe 40L3400U.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..926c99e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe 40L3400U.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe 40L3400U.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe 40L3400U.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..625f35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 5GHz Broadcast Probe 40L3400U.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 5GHz Specific Probe 40L3400U.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 5GHz Specific Probe 40L3400U.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7da522f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Toshiba Smart TV 5GHz Specific Probe 40L3400U.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Large Broadcast Probe P602ui-B3.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Large Broadcast Probe P602ui-B3.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62f1748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Large Broadcast Probe P602ui-B3.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Small Broadcast Probe P602ui-B3.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Small Broadcast Probe P602ui-B3.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..513b9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Small Broadcast Probe P602ui-B3.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe P602ui-B3.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe P602ui-B3.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e662f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 2.4GHz Specific Probe P602ui-B3.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 5GHz P602ui-B3 Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 5GHz P602ui-B3 Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d278248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 5GHz P602ui-B3 Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 5GHz P602ui-B3 Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 5GHz P602ui-B3 Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1784dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Vizio Smart TV 5GHz P602ui-B3 Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Wink Hub 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Wink Hub 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc78522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Wink Hub 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Wink Hub 2.4GHz Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Wink Hub 2.4GHz Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d98058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Wink Hub 2.4GHz Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bf9860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 2.4GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 2.4GHz Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 2.4GHz Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..247e5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 2.4GHz Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 5GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 5GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afd7217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 5GHz Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 5GHz Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 5GHz Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20c9e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/Xiaomi Mi 5 5GHz Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad 1st or 2nd gen 5GHz older iOS Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad 1st or 2nd gen 5GHz older iOS Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03be132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad 1st or 2nd gen 5GHz older iOS Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad 1st or 2nd gen 5GHz older iOS Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad 1st or 2nd gen 5GHz older iOS Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0398616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad 1st or 2nd gen 5GHz older iOS Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 3rd gen 2.4GHz MH392LL.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 3rd gen 2.4GHz MH392LL.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c2b5b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 3rd gen 2.4GHz MH392LL.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 3rd gen 5GHz MH392LL.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 3rd gen 5GHz MH392LL.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ad8491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 3rd gen 5GHz MH392LL.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 4th gen 5GHz MK6L2LL Broadcast Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 4th gen 5GHz MK6L2LL Broadcast Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29b07ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 4th gen 5GHz MK6L2LL Broadcast Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 4th gen 5GHz MK6L2LL Specific Probe.pcap b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 4th gen 5GHz MK6L2LL Specific Probe.pcap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9801c46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/taxonomy/testdata/pcaps/iPad Mini 4th gen 5GHz MK6L2LL Specific Probe.pcap
Binary files differ
diff --git a/taxonomy/wifi.py b/taxonomy/wifi.py
index aa9a0cb..3445f09 100644
--- a/taxonomy/wifi.py
+++ b/taxonomy/wifi.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50|assoc:0,1,50,221(0050f2,2)|oui:amazon':
         ('Amazon Kindle', 'Keyboard 3', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,htcap:002c,htagg:01,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,50,45,48,221(0050f2,2),htcap:002c,htagg:01,htmcs:000000ff|oui:amazon':
-        ('Amazon Kindle', 'Voyage, Paperwhite, or 4th gen', '2.4GHz'),
+        ('Amazon Kindle', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,221(0050f2,8),htcap:1130,htagg:18,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,50,48,45,221(0050f2,2),htcap:1130,htagg:18,htmcs:000000ff|oui:amazon':
         ('Amazon Kindle', 'Fire 7" (2011 edition)', '2.4GHz'),
@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,127,107,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,8),htcap:0020,htagg:1a,htmcs:000000ff,extcap:00000804|assoc:0,1,48,50,45,70,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:0020,htagg:1a,htmcs:000000ff|os:ios':
         ('Apple Watch', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,htcap:1030,htagg:18,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,50,46,48,45,221(0050f2,2),htcap:1030,htagg:18,htmcs:000000ff|oui:barnes&noble':
+        ('Barnes & Noble Nook', 'Color', '2.4GHz'),
+
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(0050f2,4)|assoc:0,1,50,45,221(0050f2,2),48,htcap:000c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|os:wemo':
         ('Belkin WeMo', 'Switch', '2.4GHz'),
 
@@ -136,10 +139,17 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,3,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:112c,htagg:19,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,48,50,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:112c,htagg:19,htmcs:000000ff|os:brotherprinter':
         ('Brother Printer', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
+    # MX410, probably others
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,3,45,50,htcap:007e,htagg:00,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,45,48,50,221(0050f2,2),htcap:000c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|os:canonprinter':
         ('Canon Printer', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    # MX492, probably others
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,3,45,50,htcap:007e,htagg:00,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,48,50,221(0050f2,2),45,htcap:000c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|os:canonprinter':
         ('Canon Printer', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    # MX492 has been seen to send these massive Probe packets. Likely other models, too.
+    'wifi4|probe:64,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,10,127,11,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,extcap:|assoc:0,1,48,50,221(0050f2,2),45,htcap:000c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|os:canonprinter':
+        ('Canon Printer', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0|assoc:0,1,48,50,221(0050f2,2),45,htcap:000c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|os:canonprinter':
+        ('Canon Printer', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,191,htcap:11e2,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:038071a0,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa|assoc:0,1,48,45,127,191,221(0050f2,2),htcap:11e6,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:038001a0,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,extcap:0000000000000040|os:chromeos':
         ('Chromebook', 'Pixel 2', '5GHz'),
@@ -268,6 +278,8 @@
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:080c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:080c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:1008|os:ios':
         ('iPad', '1st or 2nd gen', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(001018,2),htcap:080c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:080c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:1008|os:ios':
+        ('iPad', '1st or 2nd gen', '5GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:0800,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:0800,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:1008|os:ios':
         ('iPad', '1st or 2nd gen', '5GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:180c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,50,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:180c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:1008|os:ios':
@@ -334,6 +346,20 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,127,107,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,8),htcap:01bc,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000804|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,50,45,70,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:01bc,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1603|os:ios':
         ('iPad Mini', '2nd gen', '2.4GHz'),
 
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,127,107,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,8),htcap:01fe,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000804|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:01fe,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:e001|os:ios':
+        ('iPad Mini', '3rd gen', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,127,107,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,8),htcap:01fe,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000804|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,70,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:01fe,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:e001|os:ios':
+        ('iPad Mini', '3rd gen', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,127,107,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,8),htcap:01bc,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000804|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,50,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:01bc,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1201|os:ios':
+        ('iPad Mini', '3rd gen', '2.4GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,127,107,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,8),htcap:01bc,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000804|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,50,45,70,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:01bc,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1201|os:ios':
+        ('iPad Mini', '3rd gen', '2.4GHz'),
+
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,127,107,191,221(0050f2,8),221(001018,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,extcap:0400088400000040|assoc:0,1,33,36,45,127,191,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,txpow:e002,extcap:0400000000000040|os:ios':
+        ('iPad Mini', '4th gen', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,127,107,191,221(0050f2,8),221(001018,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,extcap:0400088400000040|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,70,45,127,191,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,txpow:e002,extcap:0400000000000040|os:ios':
+        ('iPad Mini', '4th gen', '5GHz'),
+
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,3,50|assoc:0,1,48,50|os:ios':
         ('iPhone 2', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
@@ -501,8 +527,16 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,3,45,221(0050f2,8),221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,9),htcap:016e,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,wps:LG_V400|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),127,htcap:016e,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:170d,extcap:00000a0200000000':
         ('LG Pad', 'v400', '5GHz'),
 
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,191,221(001018,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,191,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,txpow:e009|os:lgtv':
+        ('LG Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,191,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,9),221(001018,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,wps:_|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,191,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,txpow:e009|os:lgtv':
+        ('LG Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,127,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,9),221(001018,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:0000000000000040,wps:_|assoc:0,1,50,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1209|os:lgtv':
+        ('LG Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,127,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:11ac,htagg:16,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:0000000000000040|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,50,45,127,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:11ac,htagg:16,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:140a,extcap:0000000000000040|os:lgtv':
         ('LG Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,9),221(001018,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:_|assoc:0,1,50,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1209|os:lgtv':
+        ('LG Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,221(0050f2,8),221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,9),htcap:012c,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,wps:LGLS660|assoc:0,1,50,48,45,221(0050f2,2),htcap:012c,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff':
         ('LG Tribute', '', '2.4GHz'),
@@ -741,6 +775,10 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,221(0050f2,8),htcap:012c,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,50,33,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),127,htcap:012c,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:170d,extcap:00000a0200000000|oui:oneplus':
         ('Oneplus', 'X', '2.4GHz'),
 
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(0050f2,4),htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:WPS_STA|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:0b00,extcap:01|os:panasonictv':
+        ('Panasonic TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,221(0050f2,4),htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:WPS_STA|assoc:0,1,50,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:01|os:panasonictv':
+        ('Panasonic TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,48|assoc:0,1,33,36,50,221(0050f2,2),45,221(00037f,1),221(00037f,4),48,htcap:1004,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:0f0f|os:panasonictv':
         ('Panasonic TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,221(0050f2,4),htcap:01ad,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:WPS_SUPPLICANT_STATION|assoc:0,1,50,45,48,221(0050f2,2),htcap:01ad,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff|os:panasonictv':
@@ -1005,12 +1043,30 @@
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff|assoc:0,1,45,127,33,36,48,221(0050f2,2),htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1100,extcap:01|os:samsungtv':
         ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    # UN55JS9000, probably more
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,127,191,221(001018,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,extcap:0000000000000040|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,127,191,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,txpow:e009,extcap:0000000000000040|os:tizen':
+        ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    # LED75
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(002d25,32),htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff|assoc:0,1,33,36,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:0e00,extcap:01|os:samsungtv':
+        ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    # UN46ES7100F
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(002d25,32),htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:0e00,extcap:01|os:samsungtv':
+        ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    # UN40JU6500
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,191,221(001018,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,191,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:006f,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f815832,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,txpow:e009|os:tizen':
+        ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff|assoc:0,1,50,45,127,48,221(0050f2,2),htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:01|os:samsungtv':
         ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,221(002d25,32),htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff|assoc:0,1,50,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:01|os:samsungtv':
         ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,htcap:0120,htagg:02,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,50,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:0120,htagg:02,htmcs:000000ff,extcap:01|os:samsungtv':
         ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    # UN40JU6500, probably more
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,127,221(001018,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:0000000000000040|assoc:0,1,50,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1209|os:tizen':
+        ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    # UN40JU6500, probably more
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,221(001018,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff|assoc:0,1,50,33,36,48,45,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:002d,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:1209|os:tizen':
+        ('Samsung Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,htcap:11ef,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff|assoc:0,1,50,48,45,221(0050f2,2),htcap:11ef,htagg:1b,htmcs:0000ffff|oui:sling':
         ('Slingbox', '500', '2.4GHz'),
@@ -1021,6 +1077,12 @@
         ('Sony Bravia TV', '2015 model', '5GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,10),221(506f9a,9),wps:BRAVIA_2015|assoc:0,1,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,127,htcap:01ef,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000a02':
         ('Sony Bravia TV', '2015 model', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,191,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,10),221(506f9a,9),htcap:11ef,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:31c139b0,vhtrxmcs:030cfffa,vhttxmcs:030cfffa,wps:BRAVIA_4K_2015|assoc:0,1,45,191,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,127,htcap:006f,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:31c001b0,vhtrxmcs:030cfffa,vhttxmcs:030cfffa,extcap:00000a02':
+        ('Sony Bravia TV', '2015 model', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(0050f2,4),htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:Sony_BRAVIA|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:11ee,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:0c00,extcap:01':
+        ('Sony Bravia TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,10),221(506f9a,9),wps:BRAVIA_4K_2015|assoc:0,1,45,191,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,127,htcap:006f,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:31c001b0,vhtrxmcs:030cfffa,vhttxmcs:030cfffa,extcap:00000a02':
+        ('Sony Bravia TV', '2015 model', '5GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,10),221(506f9a,9),htcap:01ad,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:Sony_BRAVIA|assoc:0,1,50,45,127,48,221(0050f2,2),htcap:01ad,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:01':
         ('Sony Bravia TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,221(0050f2,4),htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:Sony_BRAVIA|assoc:0,1,50,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:01ac,htagg:02,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:01':
@@ -1033,6 +1095,8 @@
         ('Sony Bravia TV', '2015 model', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,10),221(506f9a,9),wps:BRAVIA_2015|assoc:0,1,50,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,127,htcap:01ad,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000a02':
         ('Sony Bravia TV', '2015 model', '2.4GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,127,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,10),221(506f9a,9),htcap:11ef,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00,wps:BRAVIA_4K_2015|assoc:0,1,50,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,127,htcap:008c,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00000a02':
+        ('Sony Bravia TV', '2015 model', '2.4GHz'),
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,3,45,221(0050f2,8),191,htcap:016e,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,vhtcap:31800120,vhtrxmcs:0000fffc,vhttxmcs:0000fffc|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),127,htcap:012c,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff|oui:sony':
         ('Sony Xperia', 'Z Ultra', '5GHz'),
@@ -1077,6 +1141,21 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(001018,2)|assoc:0,1,48,50,221(001018,2)|os:tivo':
         ('TiVo', 'Series3 or Series4', '2.4GHz'),
 
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,221(0050f2,4),htcap:106e,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,wps:Ralink_Wireless_Linux_Client|assoc:0,1,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,htcap:000e,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00|oui:toshiba':
+        ('Toshiba Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,221(0050f2,4),wps:Ralink_Wireless_Linux_Client|assoc:0,1,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,htcap:000e,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00|oui:toshiba':
+        ('Toshiba Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(0050f2,4),wps:Ralink_Wireless_Linux_Client|assoc:0,1,50,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,htcap:000c,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:01|oui:toshiba':
+        ('Toshiba Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,127,221(0050f2,4),htcap:106e,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:00,wps:Ralink_Wireless_Linux_Client|assoc:0,1,50,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,htcap:000c,htagg:13,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:01|oui:toshiba':
+        ('Toshiba Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
+
+    # P602ui-B3
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(0050f2,4),wps:_|assoc:0,33,36,1,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:106e,htagg:1f,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:150d,extcap:0000000000000000|os:viziotv':
+        ('Vizio Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
+    # P602ui-B3
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50|assoc:0,33,36,1,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:106e,htagg:1f,htmcs:0000ffff,txpow:150d,extcap:0000000000000000|os:viziotv':
+        ('Vizio Smart TV', '', '5GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,191,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,9),221(001018,2),htcap:01ef,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f8159b2,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,wps:_|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,45,191,221(001018,2),221(0050f2,2),htcap:01ef,htagg:17,htmcs:0000ffff,vhtcap:0f8159b2,vhtrxmcs:0000fffa,vhttxmcs:0000fffa,txpow:e002|oui:vizio':
         ('Vizio SmartCast TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(0050f2,4),wps:Ralink_Wireless_Linux_Client|assoc:0,1,50,45,127,221(000c43,6),221(0050f2,2),48,htcap:000c,htagg:12,htmcs:000000ff,extcap:01000000|os:viziotv':
@@ -1091,6 +1170,12 @@
         ('Vizio Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,48|assoc:0,1,50,221(0050f2,2),45,51,127,48,htcap:012c,htagg:1b,htmcs:000000ff,extcap:01|os:viziotv':
         ('Vizio Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    # P602ui-B3
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(0050f2,4),wps:_|assoc:0,1,50,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:122c,htagg:1f,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:0000000000000000|os:viziotv':
+        ('Vizio Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
+    # P602ui-B3
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50|assoc:0,1,50,48,221(0050f2,2),45,127,htcap:122c,htagg:1f,htmcs:0000ffff,extcap:0000000000000000|os:viziotv':
+        ('Vizio Smart TV', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,3,45,221(0050f2,8),htcap:016e,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,33,36,45,221(0050f2,2),htcap:016e,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:110d|oui:vizio':
         ('Vizio Tablet', 'XR6P', '5GHz'),
@@ -1103,6 +1188,9 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,3,221(00904c,51),htcap:100c,htagg:19,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,48,50,45,221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:100c,htagg:19,htmcs:000000ff|os:wii':
         ('Wii-U', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,3,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:1020,htagg:1a,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,50,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:1020,htagg:1a,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:1009|oui:wink':
+        ('Wink Hub', '', '2.4GHz'),
+
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,3,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),htcap:110c,htagg:19,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,48,50,45,221(001018,2),221(00904c,51),221(0050f2,2),htcap:110c,htagg:19,htmcs:000000ff|oui:withings':
         ('Withings Scale', '', '2.4GHz'),
 
@@ -1135,6 +1223,15 @@
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,221(0050f2,8),htcap:012c,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff|assoc:0,1,50,33,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),htcap:012c,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:170d|oui:xiaomi':
         ('Xiaomi Redmi', '3', '2.4GHz'),
 
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,221(0050f2,8),191,127,htcap:016f,htagg:1f,htmcs:000000ff,vhtcap:33907132,vhtrxmcs:0186fffe,vhttxmcs:0186fffe,extcap:040000000000004080|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),191,127,htcap:016f,htagg:1f,htmcs:000000ff,vhtcap:33907132,vhtrxmcs:0186fffe,vhttxmcs:0186fffe,txpow:1408,extcap:040000000000004080|oui:xiaomi':
+        ('Xiaomi Mi', '5', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,45,191,3,127,htcap:016f,htagg:df,htmcs:000000ff,vhtcap:33800132,vhtrxmcs:0186fffe,vhttxmcs:0186fffe,extcap:04000a020100004080|assoc:0,1,33,36,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),191,127,htcap:016f,htagg:1f,htmcs:000000ff,vhtcap:33907132,vhtrxmcs:0186fffe,vhttxmcs:0186fffe,txpow:1408,extcap:040000000000004080|oui:xiaomi':
+        ('Xiaomi Mi', '5', '5GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,45,191,3,127,htcap:016f,htagg:df,htmcs:000000ff,vhtcap:33800132,vhtrxmcs:0186fffe,vhttxmcs:0186fffe,extcap:04000a020100004080|assoc:0,1,50,33,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),127,htcap:012d,htagg:1f,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:1408,extcap:040000000000000080|oui:xiaomi':
+        ('Xiaomi Mi', '5', '2.4GHz'),
+    'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,3,45,221(0050f2,8),127,htcap:012d,htagg:1f,htmcs:000000ff,extcap:040000000000000080|assoc:0,1,50,33,48,70,45,221(0050f2,2),127,htcap:012d,htagg:1f,htmcs:000000ff,txpow:1408,extcap:040000000000000080|oui:xiaomi':
+        ('Xiaomi Mi', '5', '2.4GHz'),
+
     'wifi4|probe:0,1,50,221(0050f2,4),221(506f9a,9),wps:Z820|assoc:0,1,50,45,48,127,221(0050f2,2),htcap:1172,htagg:03,htmcs:000000ff,extcap:01':
         ('ZTE Obsidian', '', '2.4GHz'),
 }
diff --git a/waveguide/waveguide.py b/waveguide/waveguide.py
index cbc9fe8..87324c3 100755
--- a/waveguide/waveguide.py
+++ b/waveguide/waveguide.py
@@ -907,7 +907,8 @@
     wifiblaster.enable         Enable WiFi performance measurement.
     wifiblaster.interval       Average time between automated measurements in
                                seconds, or 0 to disable automated measurements.
-    wifiblaster.measureall     Unix time at which to measure all clients.
+    wifiblaster.measureall     Unix time at which to measure all clients, or 0
+                               to disable measureall requests.
     wifiblaster.onassociation  Enable WiFi performance measurement after clients
                                associate.
 
@@ -938,6 +939,20 @@
     except ValueError:
       return None
 
+  def _GetParameters(self):
+    """Reads and returns all parameters if valid, or Nones."""
+    duration = self._ReadParameter('duration', float)
+    enable = self._ReadParameter('enable', self._StrToBool)
+    fraction = self._ReadParameter('fraction', int)
+    interval = self._ReadParameter('interval', float)
+    measureall = self._ReadParameter('measureall', float)
+    onassociation = self._ReadParameter('onassociation', self._StrToBool)
+    size = self._ReadParameter('size', int)
+    if (duration > 0 and enable and fraction > 0 and interval >= 0
+        and measureall >= 0 and size > 0):
+      return (duration, fraction, interval, measureall, onassociation, size)
+    return (None, None, None, None, None, None)
+
   def _SaveResult(self, line):
     """Save wifiblaster result to the status file for that client."""
     g = re.search(MACADDR_REGEX, line)
@@ -975,23 +990,18 @@
     """Return the time of the next measurement event."""
     return self._next_measurement_time
 
-  def Measure(self, interface, client):
+  def Measure(self, interface, client, duration, fraction, size):
     """Measures the performance of a client."""
-    enable = self._ReadParameter('enable', self._StrToBool)
-    duration = self._ReadParameter('duration', float)
-    fraction = self._ReadParameter('fraction', int)
-    size = self._ReadParameter('size', int)
-    if enable and duration > 0 and fraction > 0 and size > 0:
-      RunProc(callback=self._HandleResults,
-              args=[WIFIBLASTER_BIN, '-i', interface, '-d', str(duration),
-                    '-f', str(fraction), '-s', str(size),
-                    helpers.DecodeMAC(client)])
+    RunProc(callback=self._HandleResults,
+            args=[WIFIBLASTER_BIN, '-i', interface, '-d', str(duration),
+                  '-f', str(fraction), '-s', str(size),
+                  helpers.DecodeMAC(client)])
 
   def MeasureOnAssociation(self, interface, client):
     """Measures the performance of a client after association."""
-    onassociation = self._ReadParameter('onassociation', self._StrToBool)
+    (duration, fraction, _, _, onassociation, size) = self._GetParameters()
     if onassociation:
-      self.Measure(interface, client)
+      self.Measure(interface, client, duration, fraction, size)
 
   def Poll(self, now):
     """Polls the state machine."""
@@ -1005,29 +1015,33 @@
       # Inter-arrival times in a Poisson process are exponentially distributed.
       # The timebase slip prevents a burst of measurements in case we fall
       # behind.
-      self._next_measurement_time = now + random.expovariate(1 / interval)
+      self._next_measurement_time = now + random.expovariate(1.0 / interval)
 
-    interval = self._ReadParameter('interval', float)
-    if interval <= 0:
+    # Read parameters.
+    (duration, fraction, interval, measureall, _, size) = self._GetParameters()
+
+    # Handle automated mode.
+    if interval > 0:
+      if self._interval != interval:
+        # Enable or change interval.
+        StartMeasurementTimer(interval)
+      elif now >= self._next_measurement_time:
+        # Measure a random client.
+        StartMeasurementTimer(interval)
+        try:
+          (interface, client) = random.choice(self._GetAllClients())
+        except IndexError:
+          pass
+        else:
+          self.Measure(interface, client, duration, fraction, size)
+    else:
       Disable()
-    elif self._interval != interval:
-      # Enable or change interval.
-      StartMeasurementTimer(interval)
-    elif now >= self._next_measurement_time:
-      # Measure a random client.
-      StartMeasurementTimer(interval)
-      try:
-        (interface, client) = random.choice(self._GetAllClients())
-      except IndexError:
-        pass
-      else:
-        self.Measure(interface, client)
 
-    measureall = self._ReadParameter('measureall', float)
+    # Handle measureall request.
     if time.time() >= measureall and measureall > self._last_measureall_time:
       self._last_measureall_time = measureall
       for (interface, client) in self._GetAllClients():
-        self.Measure(interface, client)
+        self.Measure(interface, client, duration, fraction, size)
 
     # Poll again in at most one second. This allows parameter changes (e.g. a
     # measureall request or a long interval to a short interval) to take effect
diff --git a/waveguide/wifiblaster_controller_test.py b/waveguide/wifiblaster_controller_test.py
index 6b562b1..9e300f2 100755
--- a/waveguide/wifiblaster_controller_test.py
+++ b/waveguide/wifiblaster_controller_test.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import glob
 import os
+import random
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tempfile
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@
   d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
   old_wifiblaster_dir = waveguide.WIFIBLASTER_DIR
   waveguide.WIFIBLASTER_DIR = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+  oldexpovariate = random.expovariate
   oldpath = os.environ['PATH']
   oldtime = time.time
 
@@ -110,6 +112,7 @@
     return faketime[0]
 
   try:
+    random.expovariate = lambda lambd: random.uniform(0, 2 * 1.0 / lambd)
     time.time = FakeTime
     os.environ['PATH'] = 'fake:' + os.environ['PATH']
     sys.path.insert(0, 'fake')
@@ -141,11 +144,6 @@
       WriteConfig('measureall', '0')
       WriteConfig('size', '1470')
 
-      # Disabled. No measurements should be run.
-      print manager.GetState()
-      for t in xrange(0, 100):
-        wc.Poll(t)
-
       def CountRuns():
         try:
           v = open('fake/wifiblaster.out').readlines()
@@ -155,16 +153,24 @@
           os.unlink('fake/wifiblaster.out')
           return len(v)
 
-      CountRuns()  # get rid of any leftovers
+      # Get rid of any leftovers.
+      CountRuns()
+
+      # Disabled.
+      # No measurements should be run.
+      print manager.GetState()
+      for t in xrange(0, 100):
+        wc.Poll(t)
       wvtest.WVPASSEQ(CountRuns(), 0)
 
+      # Enabled.
       # The first measurement should be one cycle later than the start time.
       # This is not an implementation detail: it prevents multiple APs from
       # running simultaneous measurements if measurements are enabled at the
       # same time.
       WriteConfig('enable', 'True')
       wc.Poll(100)
-      wvtest.WVPASSGE(wc.NextMeasurement(), 100)
+      wvtest.WVPASSGT(wc.NextMeasurement(), 100)
       for t in xrange(101, 200):
         wc.Poll(t)
       wvtest.WVPASSGE(CountRuns(), 1)
@@ -183,20 +189,16 @@
         wc.Poll(t)
       wvtest.WVPASSGE(CountRuns(), 1)
 
-      # Run the measurement at t=400 to restart the timer.
-      wc.Poll(400)
-      wvtest.WVPASSGE(CountRuns(), 0)
-
       # Next poll should be in at most one second regardless of interval.
-      wvtest.WVPASSLE(wc.NextTimeout(), 401)
+      wvtest.WVPASSLE(wc.NextTimeout(), 400)
 
-      # Enabled with longer average interval.  The change in interval should
+      # Enabled with shorter average interval.  The change in interval should
       # trigger a change in next poll timeout.
       WriteConfig('interval', '0.5')
       old_to = wc.NextMeasurement()
-      wc.Poll(401)
+      wc.Poll(400)
       wvtest.WVPASSNE(old_to, wc.NextMeasurement())
-      for t in xrange(402, 500):
+      for t in xrange(401, 500):
         wc.Poll(t)
       wvtest.WVPASSGE(CountRuns(), 1)
 
@@ -218,6 +220,7 @@
                               manager.GetState().assoc[0].mac)
       wvtest.WVPASSEQ(CountRuns(), 1)
   finally:
+    random.expovariate = oldexpovariate
     time.time = oldtime
     shutil.rmtree(d)
     os.environ['PATH'] = oldpath
diff --git a/wifi/quantenna.py b/wifi/quantenna.py
index 755fb8b..39dfabf 100755
--- a/wifi/quantenna.py
+++ b/wifi/quantenna.py
@@ -120,12 +120,12 @@
   try:
     _ensure_initialized('ap')
 
+    _qcsapi('wifi_create_bss', lif, mac)
+    _qcsapi('set_ssid', lif, opt.ssid)
     _qcsapi('set_bw', 'wifi0', opt.width)
     _qcsapi('set_channel', 'wifi0',
             149 if opt.channel == 'auto' else opt.channel)
 
-    _qcsapi('wifi_create_bss', lif, mac)
-    _qcsapi('set_ssid', lif, opt.ssid)
     if opt.encryption == 'NONE':
       _qcsapi('set_beacon_type', lif, 'Basic')
     else:
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@
   try:
     _ensure_initialized('sta')
 
+    _qcsapi('create_ssid', lif, opt.ssid)
     _qcsapi('set_bw', 'wifi0', 80)
 
-    _qcsapi('create_ssid', lif, opt.ssid)
     if opt.bssid:
       _qcsapi('set_ssid_bssid', lif, opt.ssid, opt.bssid)
     if opt.encryption == 'NONE' or not os.environ.get('WIFI_CLIENT_PSK'):
diff --git a/wifi/wifi.py b/wifi/wifi.py
index b0ef7f9..8797633 100755
--- a/wifi/wifi.py
+++ b/wifi/wifi.py
@@ -542,9 +542,20 @@
       ('hostapd_cli', '-i', interface, 'status'), no_stdout=True) == 0
 
 
-def _is_wpa_supplicant_running(interface):
+def _wpa_cli(program, interface, command):
   return utils.subprocess_quiet(
-      ('wpa_cli', '-i', interface, 'status'), no_stdout=True) == 0
+      (program, '-i', interface, command), no_stdout=True) == 0
+
+
+def _is_wpa_supplicant_running(interface):
+  return _wpa_cli('wpa_cli', interface, 'status')
+
+
+def _reconfigure_wpa_supplicant(interface):
+  if not _wpa_cli('wpa_cli', interface, 'reconfigure'):
+    return False
+
+  return _wait_for_wpa_supplicant_to_associate(interface)
 
 
 def _hostapd_debug_options():
@@ -653,6 +664,38 @@
         return None
 
 
+def _wait_for_wpa_supplicant_to_associate(interface):
+  """Wait for wpa_supplicant to associate.
+
+  If it does not associate within a certain period of time, terminate it.
+
+  Args:
+    interface: The interface on which wpa_supplicant is running.
+
+  Raises:
+    BinWifiException: if wpa_supplicant fails to associate and
+    also cannot be stopped to cleanup after the failure.
+
+  Returns:
+    Whether wpa_supplicant associated within the timeout.
+  """
+  utils.log('Waiting for wpa_supplicant to connect')
+  for _ in xrange(100):
+    if _get_wpa_state(interface) == 'COMPLETED':
+      utils.log('ok')
+      return True
+    sys.stderr.write('.')
+    time.sleep(0.1)
+
+  utils.log('wpa_supplicant did not connect.')
+  if not _stop_wpa_supplicant(interface):
+    raise utils.BinWifiException(
+        "Couldn't stop wpa_supplicant after it failed to connect.  "
+        "Consider killing it manually.")
+
+  return False
+
+
 def _start_wpa_supplicant(interface, config_filename):
   """Starts a babysat wpa_supplicant.
 
@@ -704,21 +747,7 @@
   else:
     return False
 
-  utils.log('Waiting for wpa_supplicant to connect')
-  for _ in xrange(100):
-    if _get_wpa_state(interface) == 'COMPLETED':
-      utils.log('ok')
-      return True
-    sys.stderr.write('.')
-    time.sleep(0.1)
-
-  utils.log('wpa_supplicant did not connect.')
-  if not _stop_wpa_supplicant(interface):
-    raise utils.BinWifiException(
-        "Couldn't stop wpa_supplicant after it failed to connect.  "
-        "Consider killing it manually.")
-
-  return False
+  return _wait_for_wpa_supplicant_to_associate(interface)
 
 
 def _maybe_restart_hostapd(interface, config, opt):
@@ -777,8 +806,7 @@
 def _restart_hostapd(band):
   """Restart hostapd from previous options.
 
-  Only used by _maybe_restart_wpa_supplicant, to restart hostapd after stopping
-  it.
+  Only used by _set_wpa_supplicant_config, to restart hostapd after stopping it.
 
   Args:
     band: The band on which to restart hostapd.
@@ -797,7 +825,7 @@
   _run(argv)
 
 
-def _maybe_restart_wpa_supplicant(interface, config, opt):
+def _set_wpa_supplicant_config(interface, config, opt):
   """Starts or restarts wpa_supplicant unless doing so would be a no-op.
 
   The no-op case (i.e. wpa_supplicant is already running with an equivalent
@@ -826,11 +854,12 @@
   except IOError:
     pass
 
-  if not _is_wpa_supplicant_running(interface):
+  already_running = _is_wpa_supplicant_running(interface)
+  if not already_running:
     utils.log('wpa_supplicant not running yet, starting.')
   elif current_config != config:
     # TODO(rofrankel): Consider using wpa_cli reconfigure here.
-    utils.log('wpa_supplicant config changed, restarting.')
+    utils.log('wpa_supplicant config changed, reconfiguring.')
   elif opt.force_restart:
     utils.log('Forced restart requested.')
     forced = True
@@ -838,12 +867,12 @@
     utils.log('wpa_supplicant-%s already configured and running', interface)
     return True
 
-  if not _stop_wpa_supplicant(interface):
-    raise utils.BinWifiException("Couldn't stop wpa_supplicant")
-
   if not forced:
     utils.atomic_write(tmp_config_filename, config)
 
+  # TODO(rofrankel): Consider removing all the restart hostapd stuff when
+  # b/30140131 is resolved.  hostapd seems to keep working without being
+  # restarted, at least on Camaro.
   restart_hostapd = False
   ap_interface = iw.find_interface_from_band(band, iw.INTERFACE_TYPE.ap,
                                              opt.interface_suffix)
@@ -852,13 +881,15 @@
     opt_without_persist = options.OptDict({})
     opt_without_persist.persist = False
     opt_without_persist.band = opt.band
-    # Code review: Will AP and client always have the same suffix?
     opt_without_persist.interface_suffix = opt.interface_suffix
     if not stop_ap_wifi(opt_without_persist):
       raise utils.BinWifiException(
           "Couldn't stop hostapd to start wpa_supplicant.")
 
-  if not _start_wpa_supplicant(interface, tmp_config_filename):
+  if already_running:
+    if not _reconfigure_wpa_supplicant(interface):
+      raise utils.BinWifiException('Failed to reconfigure wpa_supplicant.')
+  elif not _start_wpa_supplicant(interface, tmp_config_filename):
     raise utils.BinWifiException(
         'wpa_supplicant failed to start.  Look at wpa_supplicant logs for '
         'details.')
@@ -934,7 +965,7 @@
           ('ip', 'link', 'set', interface, 'address', mac_address))
 
   wpa_config = configs.generate_wpa_supplicant_config(opt.ssid, psk, opt)
-  if not _maybe_restart_wpa_supplicant(interface, wpa_config, opt):
+  if not _set_wpa_supplicant_config(interface, wpa_config, opt):
     return False
 
   return True