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| .\" ======================================================================== |
| .\" |
| .IX Title "GFDL 7" |
| .TH GFDL 7 "2013-04-12" "gcc-4.6.4" "GNU" |
| .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes |
| .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. |
| .if n .ad l |
| .nh |
| .SH "NAME" |
| gfdl \- GNU Free Documentation License |
| .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
| .SS "\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License" |
| .IX Subsection "GNU Free Documentation License" |
| .SS "Version 1.3, 3 November 2008" |
| .IX Subsection "Version 1.3, 3 November 2008" |
| .Vb 2 |
| \& Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| \& E<lt>B<http://fsf.org/>E<gt> |
| \& |
| \& Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| \& of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| .Ve |
| .IP "0." 4 |
| .IX Item "0." |
| \&\s-1PREAMBLE\s0 |
| .Sp |
| The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| functional and useful document \fIfree\fR in the sense of freedom: to |
| assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
| with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
| Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
| to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
| for modifications made by others. |
| .Sp |
| This License is a kind of \*(L"copyleft\*(R", which means that derivative |
| works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| complements the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| license designed for free software. |
| .Sp |
| We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| .IP "1." 4 |
| .IX Item "1." |
| \&\s-1APPLICABILITY\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1DEFINITIONS\s0 |
| .Sp |
| This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
| contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
| distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
| world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
| work under the conditions stated herein. The \*(L"Document\*(R", below, |
| refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
| licensee, and is addressed as \*(L"you\*(R". You accept the license if you |
| copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
| under copyright law. |
| .Sp |
| A \*(L"Modified Version\*(R" of the Document means any work containing the |
| Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| .Sp |
| A \*(L"Secondary Section\*(R" is a named appendix or a front-matter section |
| of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
| subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
| directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
| part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
| any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| them. |
| .Sp |
| The \*(L"Invariant Sections\*(R" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
| section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
| allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
| Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
| Sections then there are none. |
| .Sp |
| The \*(L"Cover Texts\*(R" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
| be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
| .Sp |
| A \*(L"Transparent\*(R" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
| straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
| or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
| An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
| of text. A copy that is not \*(L"Transparent\*(R" is called \*(L"Opaque\*(R". |
| .Sp |
| Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| \&\s-1ASCII\s0 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input |
| format, \s-1SGML\s0 or \s-1XML\s0 using a publicly available |
| \&\s-1DTD\s0, and standard-conforming simple \s-1HTML\s0, |
| PostScript or \s-1PDF\s0 designed for human modification. Examples |
| of transparent image formats include \s-1PNG\s0, \s-1XCF\s0 and |
| \&\s-1JPG\s0. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be |
| read and edited only by proprietary word processors, \s-1SGML\s0 or |
| \&\s-1XML\s0 for which the \s-1DTD\s0 and/or processing tools are |
| not generally available, and the machine-generated \s-1HTML\s0, |
| PostScript or \s-1PDF\s0 produced by some word processors for |
| output purposes only. |
| .Sp |
| The \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| formats which do not have any title page as such, \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means |
| the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| .Sp |
| The \*(L"publisher\*(R" means any person or entity that distributes copies |
| of the Document to the public. |
| .Sp |
| A section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\s0\*(R" means a named subunit of the Document whose |
| title either is precisely \s-1XYZ\s0 or contains \s-1XYZ\s0 in parentheses following |
| text that translates \s-1XYZ\s0 in another language. (Here \s-1XYZ\s0 stands for a |
| specific section name mentioned below, such as \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R", |
| \&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R".) To \*(L"Preserve the Title\*(R" |
| of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
| section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\s0\*(R" according to this definition. |
| .Sp |
| The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
| states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
| Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
| License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
| implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
| no effect on the meaning of this License. |
| .IP "2." 4 |
| .IX Item "2." |
| \&\s-1VERBATIM\s0 \s-1COPYING\s0 |
| .Sp |
| You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| .Sp |
| You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| you may publicly display copies. |
| .IP "3." 4 |
| .IX Item "3." |
| \&\s-1COPYING\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1QUANTITY\s0 |
| .Sp |
| If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
| printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
| Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
| copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| .Sp |
| If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| pages. |
| .Sp |
| If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
| public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
| a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
| If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
| when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
| that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
| location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
| Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
| edition to the public. |
| .Sp |
| It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| .IP "4." 4 |
| .IX Item "4." |
| \&\s-1MODIFICATIONS\s0 |
| .Sp |
| You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| .RS 4 |
| .IP "A." 4 |
| .IX Item "A." |
| Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| .IP "B." 4 |
| .IX Item "B." |
| List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
| unless they release you from this requirement. |
| .IP "C." 4 |
| .IX Item "C." |
| State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| .IP "D." 4 |
| .IX Item "D." |
| Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| .IP "E." 4 |
| .IX Item "E." |
| Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| .IP "F." 4 |
| .IX Item "F." |
| Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| .IP "G." 4 |
| .IX Item "G." |
| Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| .IP "H." 4 |
| .IX Item "H." |
| Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| .IP "I." 4 |
| .IX Item "I." |
| Preserve the section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R", Preserve its Title, and add |
| to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| there is no section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R" in the Document, create one |
| stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| .IP "J." 4 |
| .IX Item "J." |
| Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| it was based on. These may be placed in the \*(L"History\*(R" section. |
| You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| .IP "K." 4 |
| .IX Item "K." |
| For any section Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R" or \*(L"Dedications\*(R", Preserve |
| the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the |
| substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or |
| dedications given therein. |
| .IP "L." 4 |
| .IX Item "L." |
| Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| .IP "M." 4 |
| .IX Item "M." |
| Delete any section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R". Such a section |
| may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| .IP "N." 4 |
| .IX Item "N." |
| Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R" or |
| to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| .IP "O." 4 |
| .IX Item "O." |
| Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
| .RE |
| .RS 4 |
| .Sp |
| If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| .Sp |
| You may add a section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", provided it contains |
| nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| parties\-\-\-for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| standard. |
| .Sp |
| You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| .Sp |
| The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| .RE |
| .IP "5." 4 |
| .IX Item "5." |
| \&\s-1COMBINING\s0 \s-1DOCUMENTS\s0 |
| .Sp |
| You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
| .Sp |
| The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| .Sp |
| In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \*(L"History\*(R" |
| in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
| \&\*(L"History\*(R"; likewise combine any sections Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R", |
| and any sections Entitled \*(L"Dedications\*(R". You must delete all |
| sections Entitled \*(L"Endorsements.\*(R" |
| .IP "6." 4 |
| .IX Item "6." |
| \&\s-1COLLECTIONS\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1DOCUMENTS\s0 |
| .Sp |
| You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| .Sp |
| You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| .IP "7." 4 |
| .IX Item "7." |
| \&\s-1AGGREGATION\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 \s-1INDEPENDENT\s0 \s-1WORKS\s0 |
| .Sp |
| A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| distribution medium, is called an \*(L"aggregate\*(R" if the copyright |
| resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
| of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
| When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
| apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
| derivative works of the Document. |
| .Sp |
| If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
| the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
| electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
| Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
| aggregate. |
| .IP "8." 4 |
| .IX Item "8." |
| \&\s-1TRANSLATION\s0 |
| .Sp |
| Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
| Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
| the original English version of this License and the original versions |
| of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
| the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
| or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
| .Sp |
| If a section in the Document is Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R", |
| \&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
| its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
| title. |
| .IP "9." 4 |
| .IX Item "9." |
| \&\s-1TERMINATION\s0 |
| .Sp |
| You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
| except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
| otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and |
| will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
| .Sp |
| However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license |
| from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, |
| unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally |
| terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder |
| fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to |
| 60 days after the cessation. |
| .Sp |
| Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
| reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
| violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
| received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that |
| copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after |
| your receipt of the notice. |
| .Sp |
| Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the |
| licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under |
| this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently |
| reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does |
| not give you any rights to use it. |
| .IP "10." 4 |
| .IX Item "10." |
| \&\s-1FUTURE\s0 \s-1REVISIONS\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1THIS\s0 \s-1LICENSE\s0 |
| .Sp |
| The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| <\fBhttp://www.gnu.org/copyleft/\fR>. |
| .Sp |
| Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| License \*(L"or any later version\*(R" applies to it, you have the option of |
| following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document |
| specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this |
| License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a |
| version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the |
| Document. |
| .IP "11." 4 |
| .IX Item "11." |
| \&\s-1RELICENSING\s0 |
| .Sp |
| \&\*(L"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site\*(R" (or \*(L"\s-1MMC\s0 Site\*(R") means any |
| World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also |
| provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A |
| public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A |
| \&\*(L"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration\*(R" (or \*(L"\s-1MMC\s0\*(R") contained in the |
| site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the \s-1MMC\s0 |
| site. |
| .Sp |
| \&\*(L"CC-BY-SA\*(R" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 |
| license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit |
| corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, |
| California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license |
| published by that same organization. |
| .Sp |
| \&\*(L"Incorporate\*(R" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or |
| in part, as part of another Document. |
| .Sp |
| An \s-1MMC\s0 is \*(L"eligible for relicensing\*(R" if it is licensed under this |
| License, and if all works that were first published under this License |
| somewhere other than this \s-1MMC\s0, and subsequently incorporated in whole |
| or in part into the \s-1MMC\s0, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, |
| and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. |
| .Sp |
| The operator of an \s-1MMC\s0 Site may republish an \s-1MMC\s0 contained in the site |
| under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, |
| provided the \s-1MMC\s0 is eligible for relicensing. |
| .SS "\s-1ADDENDUM:\s0 How to use this License for your documents" |
| .IX Subsection "ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents" |
| To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| license notices just after the title page: |
| .PP |
| .Vb 7 |
| \& Copyright (C) <year> <your name>. |
| \& Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| \& under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
| \& or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| \& with no Invariant Sections, no Front\-Cover Texts, and no Back\-Cover |
| \& Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
| \& Free Documentation License". |
| .Ve |
| .PP |
| If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
| replace the \*(L"with...Texts.\*(R" line with this: |
| .PP |
| .Vb 3 |
| \& with the Invariant Sections being <list their titles>, with |
| \& the Front\-Cover Texts being <list>, and with the Back\-Cover Texts |
| \& being <list>. |
| .Ve |
| .PP |
| If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
| combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
| situation. |
| .PP |
| If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| free software license, such as the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License, |
| to permit their use in free software. |
| .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| .IX Header "SEE ALSO" |
| \&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7). |
| .SH "COPYRIGHT" |
| .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" |
| Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| <\fBhttp://fsf.org/\fR> |
| .PP |
| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |