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// Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-
// Copyright (C) 1997-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
/** @file bits/basic_string.h
* This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
* Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{string}
*/
//
// ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
//
#ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
#define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
#pragma GCC system_header
#include <ext/atomicity.h>
#include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
#include <debug/debug.h>
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <initializer_list>
#endif
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
/**
* @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
* @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
*
* @ingroup strings
* @ingroup sequences
*
* @tparam _CharT Type of character
* @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
* char_traits<_CharT>.
* @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
*
* Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
* <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
* <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
* <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
* @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
*/
template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
class basic_string
{
typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
rebind<_CharT>::other _Char_alloc_type;
typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Char_alloc_type> _Alloc_traits;
// Types:
public:
typedef _Traits traits_type;
typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
typedef _Char_alloc_type allocator_type;
typedef typename _Alloc_traits::size_type size_type;
typedef typename _Alloc_traits::difference_type difference_type;
typedef typename _Alloc_traits::reference reference;
typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_reference const_reference;
typedef typename _Alloc_traits::pointer pointer;
typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_pointer const_pointer;
typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
const_iterator;
typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
/// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
private:
// type used for positions in insert, erase etc.
#if __cplusplus < 201103L
typedef iterator __const_iterator;
#else
typedef const_iterator __const_iterator;
#endif
// Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
struct _Alloc_hider : allocator_type // TODO check __is_final
{
_Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
: allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
pointer _M_p; // The actual data.
};
_Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
size_type _M_string_length;
enum { _S_local_capacity = 15 / sizeof(_CharT) };
union
{
_CharT _M_local_buf[_S_local_capacity + 1];
size_type _M_allocated_capacity;
};
void
_M_data(pointer __p)
{ _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
void
_M_length(size_type __length)
{ _M_string_length = __length; }
pointer
_M_data() const
{ return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
pointer
_M_local_data()
{
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
return std::pointer_traits<pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
#else
return pointer(_M_local_buf);
#endif
}
const_pointer
_M_local_data() const
{
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
return std::pointer_traits<const_pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
#else
return const_pointer(_M_local_buf);
#endif
}
void
_M_capacity(size_type __capacity)
{ _M_allocated_capacity = __capacity; }
void
_M_set_length(size_type __n)
{
_M_length(__n);
traits_type::assign(_M_data()[__n], _CharT());
}
bool
_M_is_local() const
{ return _M_data() == _M_local_data(); }
// Create & Destroy
pointer
_M_create(size_type&, size_type);
void
_M_dispose()
{
if (!_M_is_local())
_M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
}
void
_M_destroy(size_type __size) throw()
{ _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_allocator(), _M_data(), __size + 1); }
// _M_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
// requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
template<typename _InIterator>
void
_M_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
std::__false_type)
{
typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
_M_construct(__beg, __end, _Tag());
}
// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
// 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
template<typename _Integer>
void
_M_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end, std::__true_type)
{ _M_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg), __end); }
void
_M_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c)
{ _M_construct(__req, __c); }
template<typename _InIterator>
void
_M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end)
{
typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
_M_construct_aux(__beg, __end, _Integral());
}
// For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
template<typename _InIterator>
void
_M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
std::input_iterator_tag);
// For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
// string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
template<typename _FwdIterator>
void
_M_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end,
std::forward_iterator_tag);
void
_M_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c);
allocator_type&
_M_get_allocator()
{ return _M_dataplus; }
const allocator_type&
_M_get_allocator() const
{ return _M_dataplus; }
private:
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
// The explicit instantiations in misc-inst.cc require this due to
// https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64063
template<typename _Tp, bool _Requires =
!__are_same<_Tp, _CharT*>::__value
&& !__are_same<_Tp, const _CharT*>::__value
&& !__are_same<_Tp, iterator>::__value
&& !__are_same<_Tp, const_iterator>::__value>
struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator
{ typedef basic_string& __type; };
template<typename _Tp>
struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_Tp, false> { };
#endif
size_type
_M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
{
if (__pos > this->size())
__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
"this->size() (which is %zu)"),
__s, __pos, this->size());
return __pos;
}
void
_M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
{
if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
__throw_length_error(__N(__s));
}
// NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
size_type
_M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
}
// True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
bool
_M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
|| less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
}
// When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
// traits_type::copy/move/assign.
static void
_S_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
{
if (__n == 1)
traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
else
traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
}
static void
_S_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
{
if (__n == 1)
traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
else
traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
}
static void
_S_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
{
if (__n == 1)
traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
else
traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
}
// _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
// to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
template<class _Iterator>
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
}
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
static int
_S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
else
return int(__d);
}
void
_M_assign(const basic_string& __rcs);
void
_M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
size_type __len2);
void
_M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
public:
// Construct/copy/destroy:
// NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
// arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
/**
* @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
*/
basic_string()
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible<_Alloc>::value)
#endif
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
{ _M_set_length(0); }
/**
* @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
*/
explicit
basic_string(const _Alloc& __a)
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{ _M_set_length(0); }
/**
* @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a __str.
* @param __str Source string.
*/
basic_string(const basic_string& __str)
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __str._M_get_allocator()) // TODO A traits
{ _M_construct(__str._M_data(), __str._M_data() + __str.length()); }
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
* @param __str Source string.
* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
* @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
*/
// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
// 2402. [this constructor] shouldn't use Allocator()
basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
size_type __n = npos)
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
{
const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
}
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
* @param __str Source string.
* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
* @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
* @param __a Allocator to use.
*/
basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a)
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{
const _CharT* __start
= __str._M_data() + __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
}
/**
* @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
* @param __s Source character %array.
* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*
* NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, &apos;\\0&apos;
* has no special meaning.
*/
basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{ _M_construct(__s, __s + __n); }
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
* @param __s Source C string.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{ _M_construct(__s, __s ? __s + traits_type::length(__s) : __s+npos); }
/**
* @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
* @param __n Number of characters.
* @param __c Character to use.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{ _M_construct(__n, __c); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Move construct string.
* @param __str Source string.
*
* The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
* @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
**/
basic_string(basic_string&& __str) noexcept
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), std::move(__str._M_get_allocator()))
{
if (__str._M_is_local())
{
traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
_S_local_capacity + 1);
}
else
{
_M_data(__str._M_data());
_M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
}
// Must use _M_length() here not _M_set_length() because
// basic_stringbuf relies on writing into unallocated capacity so
// we mess up the contents if we put a '\0' in the string.
_M_length(__str.length());
__str._M_data(__str._M_local_data());
__str._M_set_length(0);
}
/**
* @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
* @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{ _M_construct(__l.begin(), __l.end()); }
basic_string(const basic_string& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{ _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end()); }
basic_string(basic_string&& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{
if (__str.get_allocator() == __a)
*this = std::move(__str);
else
_M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end());
}
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
* @param __beg Start of range.
* @param __end End of range.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
template<typename _InputIterator,
typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
#else
template<typename _InputIterator>
#endif
basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
{ _M_construct(__beg, __end); }
/**
* @brief Destroy the string instance.
*/
~basic_string()
{ _M_dispose(); }
/**
* @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
* @param __str Source string.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(const basic_string& __str)
{ return this->assign(__str); }
/**
* @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
* @param __s Source null-terminated string.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(const _CharT* __s)
{ return this->assign(__s); }
/**
* @brief Set value to string of length 1.
* @param __c Source character.
*
* Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
* (*this)[0] == @a c.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(_CharT __c)
{
this->assign(1, __c);
return *this;
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
* @param __str Source string.
*
* The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
* @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
**/
// PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
// 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
basic_string&
operator=(basic_string&& __str)
{
this->swap(__str);
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
* @param __l std::initializer_list.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{
this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
return *this;
}
#endif // C++11
// Iterators:
/**
* Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
* the %string.
*/
iterator
begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return iterator(_M_data()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
* character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
/**
* Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
* character in the %string.
*/
iterator
end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
* last character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
/**
* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
* character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
* order.
*/
reverse_iterator
rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
* reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
/**
* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
* first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
* element order.
*/
reverse_iterator
rend() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
* is done in reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
* character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
cbegin() const noexcept
{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
* last character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
cend() const noexcept
{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
* reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
crbegin() const noexcept
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
* is done in reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
crend() const noexcept
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
#endif
public:
// Capacity:
/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
/// null-termination.
size_type
size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_string_length; }
/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
/// null-termination.
size_type
length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_string_length; }
/// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
size_type
max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return (_Alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_allocator()) - 1) / 2; }
/**
* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
* @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
*
* This function will %resize the %string to the specified
* number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
* %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
* the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
*/
void
resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
/**
* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
*
* This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
* the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
* is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
* are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
* setting them to 0.
*/
void
resize(size_type __n)
{ this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
void
shrink_to_fit() noexcept
{
#if __cpp_exceptions
if (capacity() > size())
{
try
{ reserve(0); }
catch(...)
{ }
}
#endif
}
#endif
/**
* Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
* before needing to allocate more memory.
*/
size_type
capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
return _M_is_local() ? size_type(_S_local_capacity)
: _M_allocated_capacity;
}
/**
* @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
* characters.
* @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
* @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
*
* This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
* %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
* number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
* thrown.
*
* The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
* necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
* required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
* prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
* data.
*/
void
reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
/**
* Erases the string, making it empty.
*/
void
clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _M_set_length(0); }
/**
* Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
* <code>*this == ""</code>.
*/
bool
empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->size() == 0; }
// Element access:
/**
* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
* @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
*
* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
* see at().)
*/
const_reference
operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
return _M_data()[__pos];
}
/**
* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
* @return Read/write reference to the character.
*
* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
* see at().)
*/
reference
operator[](size_type __pos)
{
// Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
// and in C++11 mode.
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
// In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
return _M_data()[__pos];
}
/**
* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __n The index of the character to access.
* @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
*
* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
* throws out_of_range if the check fails.
*/
const_reference
at(size_type __n) const
{
if (__n >= this->size())
__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
"(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
"(which is %zu)"),
__n, this->size());
return _M_data()[__n];
}
/**
* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __n The index of the character to access.
* @return Read/write reference to the character.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
*
* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
* throws out_of_range if the check fails.
*/
reference
at(size_type __n)
{
if (__n >= size())
__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
"(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
"(which is %zu)"),
__n, this->size());
return _M_data()[__n];
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
* element of the %string.
*/
reference
front() noexcept
{ return operator[](0); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
* element of the %string.
*/
const_reference
front() const noexcept
{ return operator[](0); }
/**
* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
* element of the %string.
*/
reference
back() noexcept
{ return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
* last element of the %string.
*/
const_reference
back() const noexcept
{ return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
#endif
// Modifiers:
/**
* @brief Append a string to this string.
* @param __str The string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
{ return this->append(__str); }
/**
* @brief Append a C string.
* @param __s The C string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
{ return this->append(__s); }
/**
* @brief Append a character.
* @param __c The character to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(_CharT __c)
{
this->push_back(__c);
return *this;
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{ return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Append a string to this string.
* @param __str The string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(const basic_string& __str)
{ return _M_append(__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Append a substring.
* @param __str The string to append.
* @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
* @param __n The number of characters to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
*
* This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
* starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
* than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
* remainder of @a __str is appended.
*/
basic_string&
append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
{ return _M_append(__str._M_data()
+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
__str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
/**
* @brief Append a C substring.
* @param __s The C string to append.
* @param __n The number of characters to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
_M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
return _M_append(__s, __n);
}
/**
* @brief Append a C string.
* @param __s The C string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(const _CharT* __s)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
const size_type __n = traits_type::length(__s);
_M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
return _M_append(__s, __n);
}
/**
* @brief Append multiple characters.
* @param __n The number of characters to append.
* @param __c The character to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
*
* Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
{ return _M_replace_aux(this->size(), size_type(0), __n, __c); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{ return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Append a range of characters.
* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
* @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
* @return Reference to this string.
*
* Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
*/
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
template<class _InputIterator,
typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
#else
template<class _InputIterator>
#endif
basic_string&
append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
{ return this->replace(end(), end(), __first, __last); }
/**
* @brief Append a single character.
* @param __c Character to append.
*/
void
push_back(_CharT __c)
{
const size_type __size = this->size();
if (__size + 1 > this->capacity())
this->_M_mutate(__size, size_type(0), 0, size_type(1));
traits_type::assign(this->_M_data()[__size], __c);
this->_M_set_length(__size + 1);
}
/**
* @brief Set value to contents of another string.
* @param __str Source string to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
assign(const basic_string& __str)
{
this->_M_assign(__str);
return *this;
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Set value to contents of another string.
* @param __str Source string to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
*
* This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
* @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
*/
basic_string&
assign(basic_string&& __str)
{
// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
// 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
return *this = std::move(__str);
}
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
* @param __str The string to use.
* @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
* @param __n Number of characters to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
*
* This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
* consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
* is larger than the number of available characters in @a
* __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
*/
basic_string&
assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
{ return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __str._M_data()
+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
__str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
/**
* @brief Set value to a C substring.
* @param __s The C string to use.
* @param __n Number of characters to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
*
* This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
* characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
* available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
*/
basic_string&
assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s, __n);
}
/**
* @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
* @param __s The C string to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
*
* This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
* The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
* function returns.
*/
basic_string&
assign(const _CharT* __s)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s,
traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Set value to multiple characters.
* @param __n Length of the resulting string.
* @param __c The character to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
*
* This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
* character @a __c.
*/
basic_string&
assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
{ return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
/**
* @brief Set value to a range of characters.
* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
* @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
* @return Reference to this string.
*
* Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
*/
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
template<class _InputIterator,
typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
#else
template<class _InputIterator>
#endif
basic_string&
assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
{ return this->replace(begin(), end(), __first, __last); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{ return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
#endif // C++11
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Insert multiple characters.
* @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
* insert at.
* @param __n Number of characters to insert
* @param __c The character to insert.
* @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
* position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
iterator
insert(const_iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);
return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
}
#else
/**
* @brief Insert multiple characters.
* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
* @param __n Number of characters to insert
* @param __c The character to insert.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
* position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
void
insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
{ this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Insert a range of characters.
* @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
* insert at.
* @param __beg Start of range.
* @param __end End of range.
* @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Inserts characters in range [beg,end). If adding characters
* causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
* is thrown.
*/
template<class _InputIterator,
typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
iterator
insert(const_iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end);
return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
}
#else
/**
* @brief Insert a range of characters.
* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
* @param __beg Start of range.
* @param __end End of range.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
template<class _InputIterator>
void
insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
{ this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*/
void
insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
this->insert(__p - begin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
}
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Insert value of a string.
* @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
* @param __str The string to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
{ return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0),
__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Insert a substring.
* @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
* @param __str The string to insert.
* @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
* @param __n Number of characters to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
* @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
*
* Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
* beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
* length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
* __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
* beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
{ return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __str._M_data()
+ __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
__str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
/**
* @brief Insert a C substring.
* @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
* @param __s The C string to insert.
* @param __n The number of characters to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
* string.
*
* Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
* __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
* max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
* end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
* doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
{ return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s, __n); }
/**
* @brief Insert a C string.
* @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
* @param __s The C string to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
* string.
*
* Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
* adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
* length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
* thrown.
*/
basic_string&
insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s,
traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Insert multiple characters.
* @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
* @param __n Number of characters to insert
* @param __c The character to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
* string.
*
* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
* @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
* max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
{ return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
size_type(0), __n, __c); }
/**
* @brief Insert one character.
* @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
* @param __c The character to insert.
* @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
* If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
* length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
iterator
insert(__const_iterator __p, _CharT __c)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
_M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
}
/**
* @brief Remove characters.
* @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
* @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
* string.
*
* Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
* __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
* there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
* the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
{
this->_M_erase(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
_M_limit(__pos, __n));
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Remove one character.
* @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
* @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
*
* Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
* of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
iterator
erase(__const_iterator __position)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= begin()
&& __position < end());
const size_type __pos = __position - begin();
this->_M_erase(__pos, size_type(1));
return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
}
/**
* @brief Remove a range of characters.
* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
* @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
* @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
*
* Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
iterator
erase(__const_iterator __first, __const_iterator __last)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= begin() && __first <= __last
&& __last <= end());
const size_type __pos = __first - begin();
this->_M_erase(__pos, __last - __first);
return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Remove the last character.
*
* The string must be non-empty.
*/
void
pop_back() noexcept
{ _M_erase(size()-1, 1); }
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
* @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
* @param __str String to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
* string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
* this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
* If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
* If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
* is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
* error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
{ return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
* @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
* @param __str String to insert.
* @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
* @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
* __str.size().
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
* string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
* beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
* string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
{ return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
+ __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
__str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
/**
* @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
* @param __s C string to insert.
* @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
* from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
* @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
* @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
* the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
* is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
size_type __n2)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n2);
return _M_replace(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
_M_limit(__pos, __n1), __s, __n2);
}
/**
* @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
* @param __s C string to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
* from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
* inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
* is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
* change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
* @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
* @param __c Character to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
* string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
* If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
* If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
* is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
{ return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
_M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
/**
* @brief Replace range of characters with string.
* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
* @param __str String value to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
* the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
* exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
* the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
const basic_string& __str)
{ return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
* @param __s C string value to insert.
* @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
* the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
* thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
}
/**
* @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
* @param __s C string value to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
* the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
* @param __n Number of characters to insert.
* @param __c Character to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
* @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
*/
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, size_type __n,
_CharT __c)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
}
/**
* @brief Replace range of characters with range.
* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
* @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
* @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
* characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
* thrown.
*/
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
template<class _InputIterator,
typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
basic_string&
replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
return this->_M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2,
std::__false_type());
}
#else
template<class _InputIterator>
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
typename __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_InputIterator>::__type
#else
basic_string&
#endif
replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
}
#endif
// Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
// useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
_CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
__k1, __k2 - __k1);
}
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
__k1, __k2 - __k1);
}
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
__k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
}
basic_string&
replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
&& __i2 <= end());
__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
__k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
*
* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
* characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
* thrown.
*/
basic_string& replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{ return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
#endif // C++11
private:
template<class _Integer>
basic_string&
_M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
_Integer __n, _Integer __val, __true_type)
{ return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
template<class _InputIterator>
basic_string&
_M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2,
__false_type);
basic_string&
_M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
_CharT __c);
basic_string&
_M_replace(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
const size_type __len2);
basic_string&
_M_append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
public:
/**
* @brief Copy substring into C string.
* @param __s C string to copy value into.
* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
* @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
* @return Number of characters actually copied
* @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
*
* Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
* C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
* out_of_range is thrown.
*/
size_type
copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
/**
* @brief Swap contents with another string.
* @param __s String to swap with.
*
* Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
* time.
*/
void
swap(basic_string& __s) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
// String operations:
/**
* @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
*
* This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
* happen.
*/
const _CharT*
c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_data(); }
/**
* @brief Return const pointer to contents.
*
* This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
* happen.
*/
const _CharT*
data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_data(); }
/**
* @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
*/
allocator_type
get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_get_allocator(); }
/**
* @brief Find position of a C substring.
* @param __s C string to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
* @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
* __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
* returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
* npos.
*/
size_type
find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
/**
* @brief Find position of a string.
* @param __str String to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
* this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
* found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Find position of a C string.
* @param __s C string to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
* __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
* it begins. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Find position of a character.
* @param __c Character to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
* found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
/**
* @brief Find last position of a string.
* @param __str String to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
* __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
* it begins. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Find last position of a C substring.
* @param __s C string to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
* __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
* returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
* npos.
*/
size_type
rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
/**
* @brief Find last position of a C string.
* @param __s C string to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
* @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
* where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character.
* @param __c Character to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
* found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
/**
* @brief Find position of a character of string.
* @param __str String containing characters to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
* characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
* npos.
*/
size_type
find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
* @param __s String containing characters to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
* first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
* found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
* returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
/**
* @brief Find position of a character of C string.
* @param __s String containing characters to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
* characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Find position of a character.
* @param __c Character to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
* @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
* where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
*
* Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
*/
size_type
find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->find(__c, __pos); }
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character of string.
* @param __str String containing characters to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
* characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
* npos.
*/
size_type
find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
* @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
* first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
* found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
* returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
* @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
* characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character.
* @param __c Character to locate.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
* found. If not found, returns npos.
*
* Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
*/
size_type
find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
/**
* @brief Find position of a character not in string.
* @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
* in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
* was found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
* @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
* contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
* found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
size_type __n) const;
/**
* @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
* contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Find position of a different character.
* @param __c Character to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
* @return Index of first occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
* other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
* index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
* @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
* not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
* npos.
*/
size_type
find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
* @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
* contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
* If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
* returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
size_type __n) const;
/**
* @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
* not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
* npos.
*/
size_type
find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**
* @brief Find last position of a different character.
* @param __c Character to avoid.
* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
* @return Index of last occurrence.
*
* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
* @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
* found. If not found, returns npos.
*/
size_type
find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
/**
* @brief Get a substring.
* @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
* @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
* @return The new string.
* @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
*
* Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
* characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
* short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
* beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
*/
basic_string
substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
{ return basic_string(*this,
_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
/**
* @brief Compare to a string.
* @param __str String to compare against.
* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
*
* Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
* __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
* string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
* length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
* size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
* strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
* If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
* otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
*/
int
compare(const basic_string& __str) const
{
const size_type __size = this->size();
const size_type __osize = __str.size();
const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
if (!__r)
__r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
return __r;
}
/**
* @brief Compare substring to a string.
* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
* @param __n Number of characters in substring.
* @param __str String to compare against.
* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
*
* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
* starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
* substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
* equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
* __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
* to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
* and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
* strings by calling
* traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
* result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
* the shorter one is ordered first.
*/
int
compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
/**
* @brief Compare substring to a substring.
* @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
* @param __str String to compare against.
* @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
* @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
*
* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
* characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
* __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
* Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
* the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
* or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
* @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
* strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
* substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
* calling
* traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
* If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
* otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
*/
int
compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
size_type __pos2, size_type __n2) const;
/**
* @brief Compare to a C string.
* @param __s C string to compare against.
* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
*
* Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
* their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
* @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
* compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
* constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
* by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
* comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
* ordered first.
*/
int
compare(const _CharT* __s) const;
// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
// 5 String::compare specification questionable
/**
* @brief Compare substring to a C string.
* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
* @param __s C string to compare against.
* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
*
* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
* characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
* the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
* are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
* __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
* compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
* the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
* function then compares the two string by calling
* traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
* the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
* one is ordered first.
*/
int
compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
/**
* @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
* @param __s character %array to compare against.
* @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
*
* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
* characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
* first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
* if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
* 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
* is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
* effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
* smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
* function then compares the two strings by calling
* traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
* the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
* one is ordered first.
*
* NB: s must have at least n2 characters, &apos;\\0&apos; has
* no special meaning.
*/
int
compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
size_type __n2) const;
};
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
#else // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
// Reference-counted COW string implentation
/**
* @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
* @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
*
* @ingroup strings
* @ingroup sequences
*
* @tparam _CharT Type of character
* @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
* char_traits<_CharT>.
* @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
*
* Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
* <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
* <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
* <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
* @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
*
* @doctodo
*
*
* Documentation? What's that?
* Nathan Myers <ncm@cantrip.org>.
*
* A string looks like this:
*
* @code
* [_Rep]
* _M_length
* [basic_string<char_type>] _M_capacity
* _M_dataplus _M_refcount
* _M_p ----------------> unnamed array of char_type
* @endcode
*
* Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
* you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
* pointer to the header.
*
* This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
* requires only one allocation. All the ugliness is confined
* within a single %pair of inline functions, which each compile to
* a single @a add instruction: _Rep::_M_data(), and
* string::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
* block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
* object at the front.
*
* The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character %array and
* not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
* contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
* the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
* string length.)
*
* Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
* static <em>empty string</em> _Rep object already @a constructed before
* static constructors have run. The reference-count encoding is
* chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
* destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
*
* All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
* for a C++ string implementation.
*/
// 21.3 Template class basic_string
template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
class basic_string
{
typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_CharT>::other _CharT_alloc_type;
// Types:
public:
typedef _Traits traits_type;
typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::size_type size_type;
typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::difference_type difference_type;
typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::reference reference;
typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_reference const_reference;
typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::pointer pointer;
typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_pointer const_pointer;
typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
const_iterator;
typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
private:
// _Rep: string representation
// Invariants:
// 1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
// must be kept null-terminated.
// 2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
// Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
// 3. _M_refcount has three states:
// -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
// 0: one reference, non-const.
// n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
// 4. All fields==0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
// beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
// empty string representation needs no constructor.
struct _Rep_base
{
size_type _M_length;
size_type _M_capacity;
_Atomic_word _M_refcount;
};
struct _Rep : _Rep_base
{
// Types:
typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<char>::other _Raw_bytes_alloc;
// (Public) Data members:
// The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
// individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
// value that will be returned by max_size(). (Whereas npos
// is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
// If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
// with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
// look like this:
// npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
// Solving for m:
// m = ((npos - sizeof(_Rep))/sizeof(CharT)) - 1
// In addition, this implementation quarters this amount.
static const size_type _S_max_size;
static const _CharT _S_terminal;
// The following storage is init'd to 0 by the linker, resulting
// (carefully) in an empty string with one reference.
static size_type _S_empty_rep_storage[];
static _Rep&
_S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
// NB: Mild hack to avoid strict-aliasing warnings. Note that
// _S_empty_rep_storage is never modified and the punning should
// be reasonably safe in this case.
void* __p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&_S_empty_rep_storage);
return *reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(__p);
}
bool
_M_is_leaked() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->_M_refcount < 0; }
bool
_M_is_shared() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->_M_refcount > 0; }
void
_M_set_leaked() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ this->_M_refcount = -1; }
void
_M_set_sharable() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ this->_M_refcount = 0; }
void
_M_set_length_and_sharable(size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
#endif
{
this->_M_set_sharable(); // One reference.
this->_M_length = __n;
traits_type::assign(this->_M_refdata()[__n], _S_terminal);
// grrr. (per 21.3.4)
// You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
}
}
_CharT*
_M_refdata() throw()
{ return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
_CharT*
_M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc1, const _Alloc& __alloc2)
{
return (!_M_is_leaked() && __alloc1 == __alloc2)
? _M_refcopy() : _M_clone(__alloc1);
}
// Create & Destroy
static _Rep*
_S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
void
_M_dispose(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
#endif
{
// Be race-detector-friendly. For more info see bits/c++config.
_GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&this->_M_refcount);
if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount,
-1) <= 0)
{
_GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&this->_M_refcount);
_M_destroy(__a);
}
}
} // XXX MT
void
_M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
_CharT*
_M_refcopy() throw()
{
#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
#endif
__gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount, 1);
return _M_refdata();
} // XXX MT
_CharT*
_M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
};
// Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
{
_Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
: _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
_CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
};
public:
// Data Members (public):
// NB: This is an unsigned type, and thus represents the maximum
// size that the allocator can hold.
/// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
private:
// Data Members (private):
mutable _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
_CharT*
_M_data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
_CharT*
_M_data(_CharT* __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return (_M_dataplus._M_p = __p); }
_Rep*
_M_rep() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*> (_M_data()))[-1]); }
// For the internal use we have functions similar to `begin'/`end'
// but they do not call _M_leak.
iterator
_M_ibegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return iterator(_M_data()); }
iterator
_M_iend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
void
_M_leak() // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
{
if (!_M_rep()->_M_is_leaked())
_M_leak_hard();
}
size_type
_M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
{
if (__pos > this->size())
__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
"this->size() (which is %zu)"),
__s, __pos, this->size());
return __pos;
}
void
_M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
{
if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
__throw_length_error(__N(__s));
}
// NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
size_type
_M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
}
// True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
bool
_M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
|| less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
}
// When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
// traits_type::copy/move/assign.
static void
_M_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
if (__n == 1)
traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
else
traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
}
static void
_M_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
if (__n == 1)
traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
else
traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
}
static void
_M_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
if (__n == 1)
traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
else
traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
}
// _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
// to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
template<class _Iterator>
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
}
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
static void
_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
static int
_S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
else
return int(__d);
}
void
_M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, size_type __len2);
void
_M_leak_hard();
static _Rep&
_S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _Rep::_S_empty_rep(); }
public:
// Construct/copy/destroy:
// NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
// arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
/**
* @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
*/
basic_string()
#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
: _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata(), _Alloc()) { }
#else
: _M_dataplus(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), _Alloc()), _Alloc()){ }
#endif
/**
* @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
*/
explicit
basic_string(const _Alloc& __a);
// NB: per LWG issue 42, semantics different from IS:
/**
* @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a str.
* @param __str Source string.
*/
basic_string(const basic_string& __str);
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
* @param __str Source string.
* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
* @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
*/
basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
size_type __n = npos);
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
* @param __str Source string.
* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
* @param __a Allocator to use.
*/
basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a);
/**
* @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
* @param __s Source character %array.
* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*
* NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, &apos;\\0&apos;
* has no special meaning.
*/
basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
* @param __s Source C string.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
/**
* @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
* @param __n Number of characters.
* @param __c Character to use.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Move construct string.
* @param __str Source string.
*
* The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
* @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
**/
basic_string(basic_string&& __str)
#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
noexcept // FIXME C++11: should always be noexcept.
#endif
: _M_dataplus(__str._M_dataplus)
{
#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
__str._M_data(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata());
#else
__str._M_data(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), get_allocator()));
#endif
}
/**
* @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
* @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
* @param __beg Start of range.
* @param __end End of range.
* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
*/
template<class _InputIterator>
basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
/**
* @brief Destroy the string instance.
*/
~basic_string() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator()); }
/**
* @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
* @param __str Source string.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(const basic_string& __str)
{ return this->assign(__str); }
/**
* @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
* @param __s Source null-terminated string.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(const _CharT* __s)
{ return this->assign(__s); }
/**
* @brief Set value to string of length 1.
* @param __c Source character.
*
* Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
* (*this)[0] == @a c.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(_CharT __c)
{
this->assign(1, __c);
return *this;
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
* @param __str Source string.
*
* The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
* @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
**/
// PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
basic_string&
operator=(basic_string&& __str)
{
// NB: DR 1204.
this->swap(__str);
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
* @param __l std::initializer_list.
*/
basic_string&
operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{
this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
return *this;
}
#endif // C++11
// Iterators:
/**
* Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
* the %string. Unshares the string.
*/
iterator
begin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
{
_M_leak();
return iterator(_M_data());
}
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
* character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
/**
* Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
* character in the %string. Unshares the string.
*/
iterator
end() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
{
_M_leak();
return iterator(_M_data() + this->size());
}
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
* last character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
/**
* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
* character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
* order. Unshares the string.
*/
reverse_iterator
rbegin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
{ return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
* reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
/**
* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
* first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
* element order. Unshares the string.
*/
reverse_iterator
rend() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
{ return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
* is done in reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
* character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
cbegin() const noexcept
{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
* last character in the %string.
*/
const_iterator
cend() const noexcept
{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
* reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
crbegin() const noexcept
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
* is done in reverse element order.
*/
const_reverse_iterator
crend() const noexcept
{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
#endif
public:
// Capacity:
/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
/// null-termination.
size_type
size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
/// null-termination.
size_type
length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
/// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
size_type
max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _Rep::_S_max_size; }
/**
* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
* @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
*
* This function will %resize the %string to the specified
* number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
* %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
* the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
*/
void
resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
/**
* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
*
* This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
* the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
* is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
* are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
* setting them to 0.
*/
void
resize(size_type __n)
{ this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
void
shrink_to_fit() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
#if __cpp_exceptions
if (capacity() > size())
{
try
{ reserve(0); }
catch(...)
{ }
}
#endif
}
#endif
/**
* Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
* before needing to allocate more memory.
*/
size_type
capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return _M_rep()->_M_capacity; }
/**
* @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
* characters.
* @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
* @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
*
* This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
* %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
* number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
* thrown.
*
* The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
* necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
* required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
* prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
* data.
*/
void
reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
/**
* Erases the string, making it empty.
*/
// PR 56166: this should not throw.
void
clear()
{ _M_mutate(0, this->size(), 0); }
/**
* Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
* <code>*this == ""</code>.
*/
bool
empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return this->size() == 0; }
// Element access:
/**
* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
* @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
*
* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
* see at().)
*/
const_reference
operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
return _M_data()[__pos];
}
/**
* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
* @return Read/write reference to the character.
*
* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
* see at().) Unshares the string.
*/
reference
operator[](size_type __pos)
{
// Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
// and in C++11 mode.
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
// In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
_M_leak();
return _M_data()[__pos];
}
/**
* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __n The index of the character to access.
* @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
*
* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
* throws out_of_range if the check fails.
*/
const_reference
at(size_type __n) const
{
if (__n >= this->size())
__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
"(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
"(which is %zu)"),
__n, this->size());
return _M_data()[__n];
}
/**
* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
* @param __n The index of the character to access.
* @return Read/write reference to the character.
* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
*
* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
* throws out_of_range if the check fails. Success results in
* unsharing the string.
*/
reference
at(size_type __n)
{
if (__n >= size())
__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
"(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
"(which is %zu)"),
__n, this->size());
_M_leak();
return _M_data()[__n];
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
* element of the %string.
*/
reference
front()
{ return operator[](0); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
* element of the %string.
*/
const_reference
front() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return operator[](0); }
/**
* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
* element of the %string.
*/
reference
back()
{ return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
/**
* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
* last element of the %string.
*/
const_reference
back() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
{ return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
#endif
// Modifiers:
/**
* @brief Append a string to this string.
* @param __str The string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
{ return this->append(__str); }
/**
* @brief Append a C string.
* @param __s The C string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
{ return this->append(__s); }
/**
* @brief Append a character.
* @param __c The character to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(_CharT __c)
{
this->push_back(__c);
return *this;
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
/**
* @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
{ return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
#endif // C++11
/**
* @brief Append a string to this string.
* @param __str The string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(const basic_string& __str);
/**
* @brief Append a substring.
* @param __str The string to append.
* @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
* @param __n The number of characters to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
* @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
*
* This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
* starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
* than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
* remainder of @a __str is appended.
*/
basic_string&
append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n);
/**
* @brief Append a C substring.
* @param __s The C string to append.
* @param __n The number of characters to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
/**
* @brief Append a C string.
* @param __s The C string to append.
* @return Reference to this string.
*/
basic_string&
append(const _CharT* __s)
{
__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
return this->append(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
}
/**