Using HUGEPAGES in libzero
--------------------------

Hugepages are used by libzero to improve how memory is used for packet handling.
This document describes how to enable them into your system. 

For the impatient
-----------------
$ echo 1024 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages
$ mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /mnt/huge

The whole story
---------------
Linux typically use memory pages of 4 KBytes, but provides an explicit 
interface to allocate pages with bigger size called hugepages. It is up 
to developers/administrators to decide when they have to be used. 

Hugepages advantages:

- large amounts of physical memory can be reserved for memory allocation, 
  that otherwise would fail especially when physically contiguous memory 
  is required.

- reduced overhead: as the TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer) contains 
  per-page virtual to physical address mappings, using a large amount of
  memory with the default page size leads to processing overhead for 
  managing the TLB entries.

The default hugepage size is usually 2 MBytes. The hugepage size can be 
found in /proc/meminfo:

  $ cat /proc/meminfo | grep Hugepagesize
  Hugepagesize: 2048 kB 

Hugepages can be dinamically reserved with:

  $ echo 1024 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages

The above pages are allocated by the system without node affinity. If
you want to force allocation on a specific NUMA node you have to do:

  $ echo 1024 > /sys/devices/system/node/node0/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages
  $ echo 1024 > /sys/devices/system/node/node1/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages

It is possible to change the default hugepages size and reserve large 
amounts of memory at boot time using the following kernel options:

  default_hugepagesz=1G hugepagesz=1G hugepages=4

If this commands returns a non-empty string, 2MB pages are supported:

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep pse

If this commands returns a non-empty string, 1GB pages are supported:

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep pdpe1gb

In order to make the hugepages available for use, Linux provides a 
RAM-based filesystem called "hugetlbfs" that have to be mount'ed with:

  $ mount -t hugetlbfs none /mnt/hugepages

With no options the default hugepage size is used. To use a different
size it is possible to specify the "pagesize=" option.
In order to control the maximum amount of memory bound to a mount point
it is possible to specify the "size=" option (size is rounded down to 
the nearest hugepage size). 
Example:

  $ mount -t hugetlbfs -o pagesize=1G,size=2G none /mnt/hugepages

It is possible to see what pages are currently in use using the
following command:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/node/node*/meminfo | grep Huge
Node 0 HugePages_Total:  1024
Node 0 HugePages_Free:   1024
Node 0 HugePages_Surp:      0